I-athikili ishicilelwe kumagazini we-SONSFC ibika umagazini. Ucwaningo lusekelwa yizibonelelo zeRussia Science Foundation (RNF). "Kithina, abantu abaphila ogwini lweBaikal, kubalulekile ukwazi nokuqonda ukuthi yimiphi futhi hlobo luni lwayo imiphakathi elizowela kuqala ngaphansi kokushintshwa kwesimo sezulu komhlaba. Ngobuncane, ukuze imisebenzi yabo ye-ANETHOPOGOGOGIC ukuze ngaphezu kwalokho hhayi ukuqinisa lezi zinqubo, udokotela wezinto eziphilayo, umphathi wephrojekthi weSibonelelo se-Grant RNF, uSolwazi Igu, Umqondisi weSayensi Yocwaningo Lesayensi Institute of Biology Igu.
Ama-Endemics abizwa ngokuthi izinhlobo ezithile, ukubeletha noma ezinye izitshalo zetekisi nezilwane. Abamele izinduna bahlala ebangeni elinganiselwe, kwesinye isikhathi lincane endaweni, futhi imvamisa liyingxenye ebalulekile yemvelo yasendulo yasendulo. Ngaphansi kwethonya lokushintshwa kwesimo sezulu kanye nengcindezi yabantu ekhulayo emvelweni, izinhlobo zezilwane ezibunjiwe, ziguqulwe kancane izimo ezithile zendawo yokuhlala, zisengozini enkulu. Badinga ukunakwa okukhethekile kososayensi nokuqapha njalo kwemvelo ukuze balondoloze izinto eziphilayo.
Izazi zezinto eziphilayo ezivela eyunivesithi yase-Irkutsk State kanye nozakwabo baseJalimane abavela ezikhungweni zeHelpholts Association iminyaka eminingana bebelokhu befunda izici zamandla we-metabolism (metabolism ngokukhiqiza amandla asemqoka) Izinhlobo ezibalulekile zeBaikal Bikes, ezemfundo Amphipoda (Amphipoda).
Ama-Amphipode angamaqembu amakhulu kakhulu futhi ahlukahlukene kakhulu ezinhlotsheni eLake Baikal (izinhlobo ezingama-350 kanye nama-subspecies), ahlanganisa ngokugcwele. Sekuyisikhathi eside isetshenziswe njengohlelo oluyimodeli yocwaningo lwezemvelo nolwemvelo. Ocwaningweni lwakamuva, ososayensi baqhathanisa umbono we-Courlineng Baikal we-Eulimnogammarus Verrucosus enezihlobo ezinkulu ezinothando - iBaikal Endemic E. Cyaneus kanye ne-cosmopolitan gammarus lacustris.
"I-Energy Metabolism inqubo ebalulekile yezinto eziphilayo. Nguyena omkhulu onquma okuncamelayo kokushisa kwegazi elibandayo. I-Baikal Endemics Esezingeni Eliningi LaseBaikal Lavela echibini lapho selivele libanda kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, ngesikhathi sokuthuthuka kwayo, ama-baikal Endemics asungule ukuvumelana okuthize okwenziwa ngamaselula nangokushintsha okuphansi kwalawa mazinga okushisa aphansi. Lokhu okukhethekile okubandayo kumakhaza kuthinte umsebenzi we-metabolic appations: ukusetshenziswa kwemithombo ehlukahlukene yamafutha, ama-carbohydrate; IMISEBENZI YEMISEBENZI E-ENZYME IQINISEKILE KAKHULU KAKHULU KAKHULU, "kuchaza uCollonator wokuphepha kanye nenhloko yephrojekthi yaseRussia-German Rnf, okhethwayo wesayensi yemvelo uDaria Bedulin.
Ngokushisa okuthuthukile, amazinga okushisa aphela ayanda, njengasesimweni se-eulimnogammarus epholile, kwavela ukuthi usengozini enkulu: Uma izinhlobo zothando olunothando kakhulu: Uma izinhlobo ezinothando okushisayo zinomsebenzi wama-enzyme we-metabolic ngokushisa okukhulayo, bese kubanda- Ifomu elinomqondo ngemuva kwe-degrees ka-15 Celsius iqala ukucindezelwa kwayo. Abaphenyi baseBaikal baziwa kakhulu ukuthi ngesikhathi sokushisa lapho izinga lokushisa elisogwini lweBaikal lifinyelela ama-degree angama-15, abantu abadala be-Eulimnogamrus verrucosus bathuthela kakhulu ekujuleni - lapho kuvela khona i-Fold. Izindlela zamaselula anquma lesi sidingo zicace.
"Yini enikeza le nto ebonakala iyisimo esithile sokuqonda isithombe esijwayelekile ngokwenzekayo kuBaikal nesibikezeli ngekusasa? I-Amphipod efundwayo efundwe ngayo um-Amphipod ayikhulu kakhulu endaweni enamanzi angajulile echibini - futhi ngosayizi no-biomass. Njenge-EulimnogammaRus Verrucosus, ingxenye enkulu ye-Invertebrate Baikal Fauna futhi ibhekisa kumakhaza ama-Endemics - ama-sneathetermermes anezinhlaka eziphakeme zokushisa okuhle. Kubalulekile ukubheka iqiniso lokuthi ngesikhathi sokushintsha kwesimo sezulu emhlabeni jikelele, umbuso wokushisa wamanzi weBaikal ushintsha ukufudumeza. Isibonelo, amanzi angaphezulu echibini ngekhulu leminyaka esedlule aqala ukwedlula izinga elilodwa. Siyazi kokunye ukuhlola kwesikhungo sethu - okusalungiswa ukuqapha isikhathi eside kwe-pelagiel lake baikal "iphuzu uNo. 1", "Maxim Timofeev kwabelwane.
Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi izingozi ezinkulu kunazo zonke zibhekisela ebukhosini bokushisa be-sogwini elingasho lutho laseLake Baikal. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, amacala amanzi abalulekile ayakhulisa futhi kukhona ukwanda kwamazinga okushisa aphakathi kulezi zindawo. Lokhu kungadala ukufuduka okuthe xaxa okuningana kwezinhlobo zezilwane ezibandayo zobuchwepheshe ezibandayo, okuthi, kuzokhulula ama-niches ezemvelo ukuze kufakwe izinhlobo zezinto ezingezona ze-baikal futhi kungaholela ekuhlelweni kabusha kosono ogwini lolwandle imiphakathi yechibi.
Lezi zingozi zidinga ukuqapha okuqhubekayo nokuhlolwa komthelela okwanele - zombili ku-ecosystem nakwezinga le-metabolic, iqembu ngalinye lezindebe. Amacala wokungena kokungena kwe-atypical kwe-baikal yezinhlobo zezilwane kanye nokusatshalaliswa kwawo kwesisindo (okusho ukuthi ama-aboriginal ang speezing) ayaziwa vele. Isibonelo, iminenke ye-limneid (i-limneid) isivele ijwayelekile, futhi kwesinye isikhathi iqembu eliphakeme lama-molluss hhayi emanzi angajulile kuphela, kodwa futhi nasezindaweni eziningi ezinamadwala futhi zikhuphuka ". "Phambilini, ukwethulwa okunjalo kwezinhlobo zendawo yonke kwakungenzeki ngenxa yokuphakama kwezimo kwezindlela eziguqukayo.
Kodwa-ke, lokhu kuphakama kusebenza kuphela ngaphakathi kwamazinga okushisa nezinye izindlela ezilungele izinhlobo ze-baikal. Ukukhishwa kwezindlela ze-Endemics kudangala izinqubo ze-metabolic ze-endemoc, futhi, njengoba kukhonjisiwe esibonelweni se-eulimnogammarus Verrucosus, kuholela ekunciphiseni ukuncintisana kwalezi zinhlobo nokulahleka okulandelayo kwezinzuzo zabo eziguqukayo, "kusho uMaxim Timofeev. Ucwaningo lwenziwa ngokuhlangana nozakwethu abavela e-Institute of Polar and Marine Study (Bremerhaven, Germany), I-Heiplhoven, Germany) UMax Planck (Leipzig, Germany).
Umthombo: Isayensi Enqunu