Iqembu lososayensi elivela eNkomishini Yezolimo Eyunivesithi, Isikhungo se-Heilongsian Academy of Agricultural Science (Haas) kanye neNyuvesi yasenyakatho-mpumalanga yehlathi eHarbin basebenze njengoba kudalwa izindawo ezigciniwe zaseChina. Esihlokweni esishicilelwe kwi-MDPI Portal, abalobi, ikakhulukazi, bhala okulandelayo.
"I-Soybean yamasiko iyisivuno esibaluleke ngokwezomnotho, esisebenzisa kabanzi njengokudla kwabantu kanye nemfuyo. Yize isivuno sika-soya sikhuphuke ngekhulu leminyaka elidlule (ukuze kukhethwe imigqa yesoya ngezithelo eziphezulu, kukhiqizwe izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zobuchwepheshe), isisekelo sofuzo esinqunyiwe - inkinga. Namuhla, ama-soybeans awadingeki kuphela ukuvumela kakhulu, kodwa futhi nokumelana nokuxineka kwemvelo.
Ngakho-ke, kunesidingo esiphuthumayo sokutadisha izinsiza ezicebile zokuhlukahluka kofuzo.
I-Soy yasendle iqukethe izinhlobo ezibalulekile zokuvumelanisa nezimo ezahlukahlukene zezemvelo ezinokhahlo kusuka kusawoti ekuhlaselweni kwezinambuzane zezinambuzane. Lezi zithobelo ze-soya yasendle zingangeni kabusha ezinhlotsheni ezifuywayo ngenxa yokuntuleka kwesithiyo sokuzalela phakathi kwe-soy yasendle nelitshaliwe.
Kwaphakanyiswa ukuthi i-soya yasendle ivela e-East Asia, nase China, isiko elibekwe eceleni kweminyaka engu-6000-9000 BC. Ngokukhethekile, i-Soya ingenye yezitshalo eziphambili esifundazweni saseHeilongjiang, lapho ungakhona Thola izinsizakusebenza ze-dijoros maqondana nemvelo eyingqayizivele yemvelo nezemvelo.
Ukuze kuthuthukiswe imboni ye-soy, ukuhlolwa okuphelele kwezimpawu zezolimo ze-soyo yasendle kuzothuthukisa i-genetic futhi kuthathe indawo yokukhethwa kwe-soya.
Kulomsebenzi, ingqikithi yesampula engama-242 ye-plasma yasemakhemeni ye-soybean yasendle iphenywe. Bakhethwe emadolobheni ayi-13 esifundazweni saseHeilongjiang futhi basatshalaliswa ngokwendawo ezifundeni ezine, okungukuthi: INyakatho (Isifunda I), E-Eastern (Isifunda III) neNtshonalanga (Isifunda IV) Iziza zesifundazwe seHizyOngjianijang.
Lezi zifunda ezine zazihlukaniswe izigaba ngokuya ngezici zazo zokusiza, zenhlabathi kanye nesimo sezulu.
- Esifundeni i - isimo sezulu esipholile futhi esimanzi, impumuzo yayibonakala ngezintaba ezibanzi eziyindilinga ngezigodi zomfula eziningi nezincane.
- Isifunda II sasingokwezomjaho wezolimo nokwamadlelo ezindaweni eziphansi neziyisicaba ezinenhlabathi evundile namanani amakhulu wemithombo yamanzi.
- Isifunda III sasiqukethe uhlobo oluyinkimbinkimbi lokukhululeka ngezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zezimila, ukuhlangana kwezindawo zasemakhaya kanye namahlathi kanye nezinsiza eziningi zamanzi.
- Esifundeni i-IV, uhlobo olukhethekile lokukhululeka kanye nezimo zenhlabathi ezingafaki ekukhuleni kwezihlahla, zifanekisela ama-meadow steppes.
Zonke izivivinyo zenziwa endaweni kazwelonke yombukiso wezolimo we-Academy of Ezolimo Ezolimo Isifundazwe saseHeilongjiang ehlobo lika-2012 no-2013. Sekukonke, izimpawu zezolimo eziyi-14 zaphenywa kumasampula aseSoybean akhule ngokuzibuza zasendle.
Isithombe sokukhula se-soya yasendle sasihluke kakhulu kwamasiko, kubandakanya nemikhuba yekoloni, ukuphakama okuphezulu kwezitshalo neziqu ezicashile okwakufanele zibhalwe ngezinduku zoqalo. Uhla olubanzi lokuhluka lubhalwe kuwo wonke amasampula e-soybean yasendle, ikakhulukazi, isisindo nenombolo yembewu esitshalweni, ama-pods kanye nenani lezindawo.
Izimpawu ezinhlanu kuphela ze-agronomical (ngokwesibonelo, inqwaba yembewu eyi-100, inqwaba yembewu esitshalweni, inani lembewu esitshalweni, inani lama-pods asebenzayo kanye nenani lamapodes angavumelekile) ahluka kakhulu phakathi kwamasampula.
Amasampula engxenyeni eseningizimu ikhombise inqwaba enkulu kunazo zonke imbewu eyi-100 (3.26 g), inqwaba yembewu esitshalweni (30.03 g) nenombolo yamagatsha (6.00 g). Ngokuphambene nalokho, ipulazi elisenyakatho lalibonakala ngembewu encane kakhulu enesisindo esingu-100 esitshalweni (1,62 g), inqwaba yembewu esitshalweni (11.07 g), inani lama-pods asebenzayo ( 18.56), inani lamagatsha (4.72).
Amasampula avela ezingxenyeni ezisentshonalanga nasempumalanga akhombisa amanani aphakathi nendawo imbewu eyi-100 (1.67 no-2.75 g, ngokulandelana), izinsimbi zembewu esitshalweni (5.42 no-5, 97, ngokulandelana ).
Ucwaningo selukhombisile ukuthi ukwahlukahlukana kofuzo okuphezulu kwe-soya yasendle kutholwa ngenxa yokukhethwa okude kwaholela ekuguqulweni kwama-soya asendle ezinhlotsheni ezahlukahlukene zezindawo zokuhlala ezemvelo. Iningi lamasampula "asenyakatho" aqukethe iqabunga lenaliti, imbewu encane, asikho isiqu esikhulu esiyinhloko, imbewu ephansi eyi-100 nenkomba ephezulu yokwehluka.
Ngasikhathi sinye, i-soybean yasendle kwezinye izindawo ezintathu zokuqoqa yayinamaqabunga amakhulu nama-oval anembewu enkulu, izimbali ezimhlophe nesiqu esikhulu, ezingabanjwa ukuvela kwalezi zinto zasendle soybeans.
Indawo ebekwa phambili yokuvikelwa kwe-soya yasendle yakhethwa isizinda saseNyakatho sesiFundazwe saseHeilongjiang, esifundeni se-DA Scono i-LIAN ne-Xiao isono futhi sibanzi, kanti isimo sezulu sibanda, futhi Imvelo yemvelo cishe ayinakugcwala. Uma kuqhathaniswa namanye amasayithi, ipulazi esenyakatho libonakaliswa yisikhathi sokukhula esifushane sezilimo ngenxa yokuthola usizo olunqunyelwe, izimo zezulu nezesimo sabantu. Kulindeleke ukuthi le ndawo yaseNyakatho ingaqukatha izinsiza ezicebe kakhulu ze-soybean yasendle, okunconywayo ukuvikela e-SITU.
(Umthombo: www.mdpi.com).