Uhlelo lokulwa ne-air Defense (Ukuvikela umoya) lwezwe kuyingxenye ebalulekile yokuphepha kwayo. Kepha kubaluleke kangakanani le ngxenye nokuthi iqine kangakanani eRussia namuhla, uzofunda esihlokweni.
Ukubaluleka Kokuzivikela Komoya Wezwe Ezweni Lanamuhla
Eminyakeni engama-30 edlule, izingxabano eziningi ziye zenzeka emhlabeni, lapho amabutho ase-US ahlomile namanye amazwe aseNato abhekana kaninginingi namazwe aseMbusi angafuneki. Kuzo zonke lezi zingxabano, ukushaya okuvela emoyeni kwadlala indima enqumayo. Ngasikhathi sinye, kwasetshenziswa amabhomu e-air elungisiwe, kanye namarokhethi anembile anembile, asungulwe ezindizeni nasezempi.Izinto zeziteleka zazingezinto ezempi kanye nohulumeni kuphela, kodwa futhi
- EKHAYA lapho imindeni yabaholi bamazwe nabezempi balawa mazempi bahlala khona;
- Amabhizinisi ezempi nezempi, izikhungo zezingqalasizinda zomphakathi, njengamabhuloho;
- izitshalo zamandla;
- njll.
Ukwehlulwa kwezwe kwaholela ekushintsheni kobuholi bayo futhi kuguqule izinqubomgomo ezizwakala ngokwengeziwe e-United States. Imbangela yokunqotshwa kuzo zonke izimo kwakuwubuthakathaka bokuvikela umoya walezi zisulu zokuhlaselwa.
Umgomo wokwakha izivikelo zomoya e-USSR
Emashumini eminyaka amuva nje, ukuba khona kwe-USSR kwakhiwa umuntu oyedwa ovikelekile (okungukuthi, uhlelo olubanzi) lwe-Air Defense (Defense of Air Defense). "Izambulela" elwa nama-anti-eyindida "avale yonke indawo yezwe, kunoma yikuphi, izindawo lapho abantu babehlala khona noma babeyizinto ezibalulekile.
Kakhulu kakhulu futhi wenze lula, cabanga ngohlelo lokwakha isimo seSoviet Air Defense.
Iziteshi ze-radar ezinamandla ezitholakele imikhumbi engaphezulu nemishini yomoya isekude kakhulu kakhulu, izinkulungwane zamakhilomitha ukusuka emingceleni yethu. Endabeni yokusondelana okuyingozi kwendiza nemikhumbi yakwamanye amazwe, izindlela ezifika ngesikhathi zayiswa emingceleni yethu. Ukuhlangabezana nezindiza ezingaba khona ezifanayo zendiza izindiza ze-Flighw-interceptors ukuze zihlangabezane nazo ezindaweni ezikude.
Izindiza ze-Violator, ziqhekezele eSoviet Airpace, zawela endaweni yesenzo hhayi kuphela sezinkulungwane zezindiza, kodwa futhi nezinhlelo zokulwa nezindiza ezinomgwaqo osebenza cishe ngo-200 km.
Indiza yesitha eyayikwazi ukukhuluma amagoli abo amakhilomitha ambalwa, yahlangana nomlilo wezinhlelo ezi-anti-izindiza.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ekuvikelweni okusheshayo kwezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu eduze kwazo, i-cannon noma i-rocket kanye ne-canon izakhiwo "melee" zabekwa, zikwazi ukungqongqoza abahlaseli bezindiza ezinomsila ophansi, izindiza ezinophephela emhlane kanye namarokhethi anamaphiko.
Ukuvikela umoya eRussia yanamuhla
Kungekudala ngemuva kokuwa kwamabutho ahlomile aseSoviet, iningi lazo zonke izikhungo zokuvikela umoya zafakwa: inani lempi yezindiza zamasosha, iziteshi ze-radar, izinhlelo ezilwa nezindiza zehla kaninginingi.
Izinhlelo zokulwa nezingokomzimba eziphilayo ezingenakuziphatha zendiza C-75, C-200 kanye ne-C-300pt basuswa emsebenzini.
Kwabahlali abangamakhulu ambalwa, iningi labo alikwazi ukwenza umsebenzi wokulwa.
Uhlelo olulodwa lokuvikela umoya seluphelile ukuba khona. Ukuvikelwa komoya kwezwe eRussitorial Terrestrial On the Russian Federation namuhla kuncane futhi kubukeka kwezindawo ngazinye emephini. Futhi ezimweni eziningi, lezi yizinhlelo zokulwa nezindiza kuphela ze-Echelon eyodwa.
Kule minyaka embalwa edlule umkhakha owodwa wokubukwa kwe-radar wabuyiselwa ngaphezulu kwendawo yethu emingceleni yethu kuzo zonke izinkomba.
Inani labalwa ngezikhathi ezingcolile ngezikhathi ezithile lidlula inani lokufika okusha emabuthweni.
Ingxenye ebalulekile yesikhali sokuvikela umoya wokuvikela umoya we-reastestrial air Defence of the Russian Federation namuhla isakhiwa izakhiwo ze-C-300ps, ezenziwe kusukela ngo-1982 kuya maphakathi nawo-1990 kuya ku-1990s. Kepha zisuswa ekusebenzeni ngokushesha okukhulu kunokuthathelwa indawo yanamuhla.
Cishe ikota yawo wonke amabutho akhona e-Ground Air Defence Vikence aqashwa yiMoscow. UPetersburg uvikelwe cishe izikhathi ezinhlanu ngaphansi, kodwa futhi futhi. Cishe nezindawo ezivikelwe emigwaqweni yangaphansi eyisisekelo ezindaweni ezisenyakatho nasePacific, kanye nezinhloso zemikhumbi yasolwandle emnyama.
Ngasikhathi sinye, iningi lamadolobha ama-millic, njengeKazan, Nizhny Novgorod, Chelyabinsk, Omsk, Ufa, i-Perm, azivikelekile ngokuvikela umoya. Inani elikhulu lezindawo zokugcina izinto ezinobuthi, amadamu, izitshalo zamandla enuzi kanye nezindawo zemicibisholo yemvelo ye-Intercontinental zihlala zivulekile ukuba nomthelela emoyeni.
Leli khadi elethwe ngezansi linikeza umbono ojwayelekile wezinga lokuvikelwa kwendawo yaseRussia enwenyulwe namuhla ngezindawo ezi-anti-izindiza.
Ngakho-ke, naphezu kokubaluleka okuhlukile kokuzivikela kwenhliziyo empini yanamuhla nokuba khona kwengozi engaba khona yokuhlaselwa komoya, njengamanje iRussia akwanele ukuvikeleka emoyeni ngezinto eziningi ezinkulu ensimini yayo. Lesi simo nakanjani sivimba ukusebenza kwenqubomgomo yezwe ezimele ngokuphelele.
Umbhali - uValery Kuznetov
Umthombo - Springzhizni.ru.