Igama elithi "i-phytoncide" namuhla lizwa. Kuqhamuka emagama amagama amabili - "isitshalo" kanye "nokubulala" okubolekwe ezilimini zesiGreek naseLatin. Leli gama lidlulisela ngokunembile isici esijabulisayo sezitshalo: ukuvikela ama-microorganisms anolaka. Kudala abantu bafunda ukusebenzisa i-Plant Phytonides ukuvikela ezifweni eziningi. Kodwa-ke, izitshalo zathola izakhiwo ezinjalo nakancane impilo yabantu ...
Ama-fitoncides ayizinto ezithile eziqukethwe izicubu zezitshalo futhi zibe nempahla yokubulala ama-microorganisms kanye nesikhunta se-pathogenic, esingalimaza izilimo zezitshalo.
Kunobufakazi bokuthi amanye ama-phytotodes angabulala izinhlobo ezithile zezinambuzane futhi athinte izilwane eziphakeme kakhulu. Ngamandla anjalo ezitshalo ukuvikela ukulwa nomhlaba wangaphandle, abantu baziwa kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo, kepha ngalezo zinsuku incazelo yalesi simo ayitholakalanga.
Ama-fitoncides ahlanganiswe futhi aqokonyiswe ngezingxenye eziphezulu zezitshalo futhi zivame ukuba nephunga elibukhali eliqondile. Isibonelo esikhanyayo yiphunga lesimilo lezinaliti zikaphayini, iJuniper, umnsalo, ugarliki, isithombo.
Ukuqala ukufunda ama-phytonides, okokuqala ososayensi bafinyelela esiphethweni sokuthi lezi zitshalo ezimatasa zinempahla kuphela enayo impahla. Kodwa-ke, kamuva kwavela ukuthi ama-phytotos angabiwa kusuka endwangu cishe yabo bonke abamele izinhlobo zezitshalo. Kubandakanya abathwali be-phytotototoncid bahlobisa izitshalo zasefulethini zedolobha eziningi: ngokwesibonelo, ulamula wokuhlobisa, i-geranium, chrysanthemum nabanye abaningi. Kukholakala ukuthi izinto ezisebenza ngemvelo ezisebenza ngaleli zitshalo zisuswa kusethi yamagciwane futhi iphumelele imvelo.
Kunobufakazi bokuthi izitshalo ezisebenzisa i-phytototodes ziyakwazi ukuvikelana. Isibonelo, ngokwemvelo, izinto ezisebenza ngemvelo ziyakwazi ukuletha uhlobo oluthile lwesiko kusuka ezinambuzaneni zezinhlobo ezithile. Ngokusobala, lokhu kuxhunyiwe nesici sezitshalo ezithile ukuze uhambisane komunye nomunye nasemphakathini onjalo ukuze ukhule kangcono ukwedlula ngokwehlukana.
Umphumela wokubuyela emuva kungenzeka: Ama-phytonides wesitshalo esisodwa ayakwazi ukuthonya ngokungafanele kwezinye izinto zemifino. Kwenzeka: Izinhlobo ezimbili zezitshalo nomunye ngaphansi kwanoma yiziphi izimo azihambi. Ososayensi bayichaza ngomthelela we-phytoncides.
Amandla ezitshalo ezinezinto ezisebenza kahle kakhulu ezithintana nazo zifundwe ngabantu kanye nasendulo. Vele ngiku-I ngekhulu. n. e. UPliny Omdala, owayengumdala, wafunda futhi wachaza ukufa kwamagilebhisi ahambisana nomakhelwane nge-laurel, iklabishi kanye nesithombo.
Esinye isibonelo amagilebhisi omvini ka-Isabella, ophelele ezihlahleni eziningi, agqoke iziqu zawo ngenkuthalo. Kodwa-ke, ukutshalwa eduze kwe-quince noma i-walnut, lesi sitshalo sithuthuka kabi kakhulu, futhi mhlawumbe size somile ngisho nokunakekelwa okufanele. Ukhule eduze kwezibalo, amakhiwane, amagilebhisi ase-Isabella abiyelwe ngenkuthalo ehlathini, kodwa emvinini othintana namagatsha esihlahla awekho ukuvuna.
Emasimini lapho kukhula khona izidlayizi, emasikweni amajikijolo akhona noma abekhona, kepha ngamanani amancane kakhulu, izinambuzane ezinjengeFlazs. Inani elikhulu lama-phytoncides anamandla aqokomisa amaqabunga e-cherry. Bayesabisa ezinambuzaneni nasezilwaneni ezincane.
Namuhla, izakhiwo ze-phytoncides zisetshenziswa kabanzi ngabalimi. Ikakhulu, kwaziwa ukuthi uma isiza singenwe ngama-nematode, ukufika kwamaVelvets kuzosizwa ukuxazulula le nkinga, kulwele ngempumelelo ngalesi sinambuzane. Ngaphansi kwesihlahla se-apula, abalimi abanolwazi batshala i-phyrhem noma umhlomulo. Kulokhu, isihlahla sezithelo ngeke sibe sibi esibi, esingakhuthazeli ama-phytoncides anikezwe yilamakhambi.
I-FitoNcides yemvelaphi yesitshalo iluhlobo lwesikhali samakhemikhali esiqondiswe ezitheni zemvelo zezitshalo. Ukutadisha kwezimfanelo ezihlukile zamakhambi ahlukene, izihlahla nezihlahlana zikuvumela ukuba uzisebenzise ukuze kusizakale ubuntu.
Umbhali - ekaterina Manova
Umthombo - Springzhizni.ru.