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Yimuphi kithi ebuntwaneni owayengafuni ukuba yi-cosmonaut, undize enyangeni (kahle, noma okungenani ku-orbit) bese uyawathanda ababuthana abaseduze kwezingane ngama-adventures amangalisayo? Ngisho namantombazane aphupha ngakho! Ngemuva kwakho konke, ukuhlala ngaphansi kwesisindo nasendaweni ukuyobuka umhlaba mhlawumbe uyathakazelisa kakhulu. Akunakwenzeka ukuthi lowo othile kithi acabange ukuthi kunzima kangakanani ukuqeqeshwa kwezinkanyezi ngaphambi kwendiza, futhi ngisho nangaphezulu ngalokho okwakufanele baye lapho kudlangile lapho.
Amasiko nsuku zonke
Okubukeka ngathi ngenjwayelo, esikhaleni kudinga ukunakwa okwengeziwe. Isibonelo, ukuxubha amazinyo akho, okokuqala kudingeka ulungiselele - okungenani thatha i-napkin ukususa izinsalela zezinyo lamazinyo. Ngemuva kwakho konke, kulula ukumkhafulela echibini. Ngenxa yokuntuleka kwamandla adonsela phansi, unama feam avele ahlukane nawo wonke umzimba. Kwesinye isikhathi izinkanyezi zikugwinya.Amanzi esiteshini aqukethe amaphakheji akhethekile ngamashubhu. Ama-cosmonauts amane avele ahlukane namaphakheji, bese abamba umlomo wamaconsi ezindizayo. Kubukeka sengathi kuyahlekisa uma ujika lesi sikhathi noma amabili. Kepha kulezo zimo izinyanga kuvela hhayi elula kangako.
Ungayigeza kanjani noma okungenani ugeze ikhanda lakho? Kulokhu, kusho ukuthi izixazululo ezikhethekile - ama-shampoos nezixazululo zensipho zizosindisa, ezingadingi ukufuthelwa. Kwanele nje ukwethula ithuluzi esikhunjeni bese lomisa ithawula. Ngendlela, le mikhiqizo yenhlanzeko yenzelwe abantu abathi, ngenxa yezimo ezithile, abakwazi ukwamukela ukugeza ngokwabo. Isibonelo, lapho isikhathi eside emitholampilo isikhathi eside.
Ngemuva kwalokho omunye umsebenzi uya esiteshini se-orbital uye ethoyilethi. Lapha, amandla adonsela phansi azoba khona kakhulu ngendlela, kepha ngoba akunjalo, khona-ke ukubhekana nesidingo sokuthi abantu basiza idivaysi ekhethekile - iphampu ekhipha izindunduma. Ngemuva kokumunca, imfucuza ewuketshezi ihlukaniswe i-oksijini namanzi, okuqala umjikelezo ovaliwe wokuhlinzekwa kwesiteshi sendawo.
Ngokungcola okuqinile, kunezikhwama ezikhethekile zepulasitiki ze-mesh ezifakwe esitsheni sendlu yangasese. Isikhathi esithile, bagcinwa ezitsheni ze-aluminium ezingama-20-litre, bese besetshenziswa.
Ngendlela, indlu yangasese yesikhala inegama elisemthethweni elithi "imfucuza kanye nokuhlanzeka kwezindawo", okusho ukuthi "ukuhlukaniswa udoti nokuhlanzeka." Futhi ukuze umuntu emqondweni wangempela wegama angahlala lapho endlini yangasese, udinga ukubanjwa ngamabhande. Ukuhamba endlini yangasese kubantu basolwandle abaqeqeshelwa emhlabeni. Ngesikhathi sokuzivocavoca okungajwayelekile ethoyilethi, kufakwa ikhamera ekhethekile, edlulisa isithombe esikrinini. Ngakho-ke i-cosmonaut ingalawula inqubo kusukela ekuqaleni kuze kube sekupheleni.
Funda futhi: Umuntu uqala endaweni evulekile. Amadokhumenti acelwa phansi
Ukuhlanza nokujabulisa
I-vacuum cleaner iyiyunithi ewusizo ngokungangabazeki, futhi esiteshini sesikhala futhi icindezelwe. Akusizi nje kuphela ukuhlanza indawo yokuhlanza indawo, kepha futhi kuqoqe izinto ezingadingekile ezindiza emoyeni. Isibonelo, izinwele ngesikhathi sezinwele. Emibandela yezinsimbi ezingenasisindo, i-vacuum cleaner ingaqoqa "ama-dipled" amanzi noma asakazeke izinhlayiya ezincane zento. Futhi, ama-astronauts awahambisani nokwenza lula ukuba khona kwawo ngaphandle kobuntu, ukuqinisa into edingekayo nge-vacuum cleaner.
Space SON
E-ISS, izinkanyezi zilala ezikhwameni ezikhethekile eziboshwe odongeni, noma kuma-caplule. Kuyadingeka ukuze ngenkathi ukulala kuthathwe ngengozi kwelinye igumbi lomkhumbi. Ngale ndlela, ngandlela thile balingisa umcamelo, ngaphansi kwekhanda kulezi zikhwama eziningi babeka amasokisi agcwele ezinye izinto zokugqoka. Ukulala esikhaleni akukubi impela. Njalo ngehora elilodwa nengxenye kuthathelwa indawo ebusuku futhi kujwayela kunzima kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isiteshi se-orbital sinomsindo omkhulu ngenxa yamadivayisi asebenza njalo nezinhlelo zokusekelwa kwempilo yabantu. Ama-cosmonauts kufanele aqagele. Kulokhu, basiza amashubhu ajwayelekile ezindlebeni.Kepha kunezikhathi ezinhle. Isibonelo, ukudonsa kuyanyamalala ngokungenasisindo. Iqiniso ngukuthi emhlabeni ukuswidi kuvela lapho amandla okuheha afaka ulimi nezicubu zomphimbo zomphimbo. Lokhu kuholela ekuchithekeni kwepheshana lokuphefumula, yingakho umsindo wokuthuthumela noma wokudlidliza uvela. Ngenxa yokuntuleka kwamandla adonsela phansi esikhaleni, ukuswidi kuyanyamalala, futhi izitobha zesikhashana zokuphefumula ziyanyamalala, ezaziwa ngokuthi i-apnea syndrome yokulala.
Bheka futhi: ukusakazwa okumnyama. Ososayensi abavela e-United States baxazulule imfihlo entsha yeCosmos
Ukufundisa
Ukungabikho kokuhlwitha endaweni yangaphandle kunguhlangothi olulodwa lwendondo. UGeeness akaphazamisi izicubu zomuntu, ngenxa yazo i-atrophy esheshayo. Ukuze ungalahli ifomu, ama-cosmonauts ahlala aqeqeshelwe ku-simulators esikhaleni, okuthi, esakhiweni sawo, ahlukane noMhlaba, kepha gcina umgomo wokusebenza kanye nokupompa amaqembu ahlukile emisipha.
Iqiniso elithandekayo. Ngesikhathi sokuhlala e-orbit, ukukhula komuntu kukhuphuka ngokwesilinganiso ngamasentimitha angama-3-5. Lokhu kungenxa yamandla adonsela phansi afanayo. Kunalokho, ngenxa yokungabikho kwakhe. Umgogodla uyaqonda futhi ngakho-ke kubonakala sengathi umuntu usephakeme. Lapho ufika, ukukhula kuba ngokufanayo ezinsukwini ezimbalwa.
Yebo, impilo ngaphandle komhlaba nangaphandle kwesenzo semithetho evamile ye-physics ibonakala iyisiphephelo. AmaCosmonauts athatha ukuqeqeshwa okukhethekile ngaphambi kokuya esikhaleni esingapheli. Yize ukungena kwezinye izimo zobukhona, umzimba kanye nomqondo ngisho nama-cosmonauts anolwazi athola izinguquko. Izinsuku zokuqala zabantu zikhathazekile nge-nausea kanye nesiyezi, kodwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ama-astronauts aguqulwa.
Iphrojekthi "Gemini"
Eminyakeni embalwa edlule, uNasa waba nokuhlolwa okuthokozisayo - wathumela omunye wabafowethu ababili amawele ayisa kwi-ISS (izinsuku ezingama-360), kwathi enye ishiywe emhlabeni njengekhophi yokulawula. Ngakho-ke ososayensi bebezothola ukuthi umzimba womuntu ushintsha kanjani ngemuva kokuhlala isikhathi eside esikhaleni. Kwavela ukuthi uScotland Kelly ushintshe okuqukethwe amagciwane emathunjini, ubuningi bethambo nama-telomers emaphethelweni e-chromosome akhuphukile. Ngaphandle, kwabonakala sengathi uMarku mdala ngandlela thile ukwedlula uScott, kodwa ngemuva kwesikhathi esithile umzimba wakhe "wabamba" isidumbu somfowethu esisele emhlabeni.
Bheka futhi: Kungani ososayensi bethi umhlanga uwumkhiqizo ovela emkhathini?
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