Ichaza i-blockade yeLeningrad, i-Feat yakhe nokuhlupheka, ababhali abaningi, ngaphandle koxolo (futhi kuyiqiniso ngokuphelele!) Isizathu esisebenzayo, ngenxa yesizathu esithile, kukhohliwe ngokuphelele ukuthi ukuvimba kwedolobha bekuzokwenza kwenzeke uma kungeke kwenziwa amabutho aseFinland.
UFinns, sesiqale ukucasuka kwaLadoga we-Istgg ngoJulayi 10, 1941, kwakhishwa, ekuqaleni kukaSepthemba, ngoSepthemba 30 kwaziwa kahle yiPetrozavodsky.
Kwi-Istian yaseKareli yaseKarelia, uFinns waqala ukunyathela ngoJulayi 31, 1941, futhi ngasekupheleni kwehlobo baye emngceleni wakudala, okungukuthi, lowo obebanjelwe ku-Istmus yaseKarisian 'eSoviet -Impi yangoNovemba 1939 - Mashi 1940). Kusuka eLeningrad, manje bahlukana namakhilomitha angamashumi amathathu.
Ngo-Agasti 1941, umyalo waseJalimane unikele nge-Mashil Carl, (uCarl Gustaf Emil Musnesheim), umkhuzi omkhulu webutho laseFinland, babamba iqhaza esivunguvungwini seLeningrad, kanye nokuqhubeka nokucasulayo eningizimu ye Umfula umkhonto wokuxhuma kumaJalimane aza eTikhvin. Kepha amaFinns amisa amabutho abo futhi awenzanga isinyathelo esilandelayo.
Lokhu kuvinjelwe ukuziphatha kwezindlela abanye abantu abanolwazi kakhulu eminyakeni yamuva nje baqala ukuchaza isimo esikhethekile, okusolwa ukuthi bahlale ngendlela yempi ngesikhathi sempi. Lesi sikhundla sichazwa okwedlule kwakhe - Indlela Yakhe, Umfundi Wempi Yezwe YaseRussia - YaseJapan kanye neWebhuriya Yezwe, Ngokuvamile Ebuthweni LaseRussia, owayehlala ePetrograd, owayehlala ePetrograd, owayehlala ephepheni, wawudubula i-Petrograd, wawudubula i-Petrograd, wawudubula uPetrograd, owayehlala ephepheni futhi edubula i-Petrograd, wawudubula i-Petrograd, wawudubula uPetrograd, owayehlala ephepheni futhi edubula idolobha, Wayazi futhi ethanda.
I-Musetheim ibingeyena ngempela umsekeli wezinkundla ngokumelene ne-Leningrad - iFinns idolobha alizange liqhume futhi alizange lixoshwe, libeke ubuciko obude endaweni yalo emaJalimane abengavunyelwe.
Kepha eqinisweni, izizathu ezihluke kakhulu zokukhuthaza ama-indlela kangako ukuthi zingangeni endaweni yeSoviet Union.
Okokuqala, ibutho elibomvu kwi-Istian ye-Istium lithembele ohlelweni lwezindawo zesikhathi eside zeSifundo SaseKareliya, esivunguvungwini esazithitha, nenani elincane lamathangi asindayo nezibungu ezisindayo, azikwazanga.
Okwesibili, umthelela omkhulu esikhundleni se-munerheim wayesabela kabi kakhulu e-United States kanye ne-Great Britain ukuthwebula amabutho aseFinniland we-petrozavodsk kanye nolwandle lwe-Svir River, okungukuthi, izindawo ezazingaphansi kweSoviet endala- Umngcele waseFinland. NgoDisemba 5, 1941, iGreat Britain yamemezela impi eFinland ngemuva kokwenqaba kwayo ukumisa izikhuthazo ezibhekiswe e-USSR.
Okwesithathu, amasosha amabutho amabutho aseFinland aqala ukwenqaba ukuhambisa umngcele wakudala - azange aqonde ukuthi kungani igazi lithulule ensimini yomunye umuntu.
Ngakho-ke, hhayi ubukhosi be-mixheim futhi hhayi uthando lwakhe lweRussia ne-petrograd bamisa ukuhlukunyezwa kwamasosha aseFinland ekwindla ka-1941. I-Musetheim ibingeyona kuphela i-warlord enekhono, kodwa futhi nosopolitiki obona kude, obabazekayo, onqoba ukukhathazeka ngekusasa laseFinland, hhayi iRussia. Uchaze ukwenqaba kwakhe ukubamba iqhaza ekuthathweni kukaLeningrad ngoFebhuwari 1942 ngeqiniso lokuthi "akekho uMussia ngeke akhohlwe uma senza."
Ngabe bekungcono ukumemezela uLeningrad "idolobha elivulekile"?
Ezikhathini zaseSoviet, lapho zichaza ukuvimba kukaLeningrad, izibonelo zokuziphatha kobuqhawe kanye nokuthanda izwe labahlali bomuzi, kwabasebenzi babo abazinikezele egameni lokunqoba, kwavunyelwa usizo lwabo. Eminyakeni yophawu "kuphela" kuphela ngemuva kokuwa kwamandla amaSoviet, kwaba khona ukuphinda kabusha isithombe sangempela sokuhlushwa okufakazelwe nokuhlupheka kwi-Leningrad evinjezelwe ngokugcwele. Futhi engxenyeni yesibili yeminyaka yo-1980, abaningi balabo abasinda ekuvikeleni ngokwakhe, nezakhamizi zaseLeningrad zineminyaka yobudala, futhi zazingenamibuzo nanoma yimiphi imibuzo: Kepha kungenzeka ukuthi Usongo lokuqedela imvelo yedolobha kwathola i-siinister evelines, yenza okuthile ukuthatha ububi obubi? Futhi mhlawumbe bekungadingekile ukuvikela i-Leningrad ngokuzithoba futhi ngokuqinile - bekungengcono ukumemezela ngokuhambisana nemigomo yomthetho wamazwe omhlaba "Open Coult" ukuvikela kwayo kwabahlali (njengoba, isibonelo , Lokhu kwenziwa nguhulumeni waseFrance ngoJuni 1940, lapho kusondela eParis of the Paris of the Wehrmacht esondela eParis?
UViktor AstaFEVEV¸ Omunye wababhali abakhulu baseRussia bekhulu lama-20, engxoxweni nephephandaba lasePravda ngoJuni 30, 1989, kukhulunywa kanjena: "Izimpilo eziyizigidi" zamabhokisi? Kungenzeka ukubuyisa konke, kufinyelela ezipikili, futhi ngeke ngibuyise impilo ... futhi eduze naseLeningrad? Abantu bancamela ukucekela phansi abanye abantu itshe. Futhi yeka ukufa okubuhlungu! Izingane, abantu abadala ... "
Umbono ongenhla usenabasekeli abaningi, kodwa ngakho konke ukuhlonipha okungaguquki kweViktor Astafyev, umlobi onekhono kanye nokugxekwa okunonya kwemoto ye-stalin, kuyadingeka ukusho kahle nangokungalingani: leli phuzu lokubuka alilungile.
Okokuqala, ngenxa yokuthi abasekeli bakhe bakhohliwe: UHitler wahola impi ne-USSR (ngokungafani nempi enenhloso efanayo) "egqoke umlingiswa wezomnotho onobuhlanga onomgomo onqunyelwe ngaphambili - umnqobi wendawo" yokuhlala "EMpumalanga.
Kakade ekuqaleni kukaJulayi 1941, uHitler wanquma "inselelo eMoscow naseLeningrad evela eMhlabeni ukuyosusa ngokuphelele inani lalawa madolobha." Ekupheleni kuka-Agasti 1941, uHitler wenqabile ukuthatha inhloso yokuthatha iLeningrad Sturm, amabutho aseJalimane athola i-oda: "Vimba idolobha laseLeningrad Ring, hhayi ukuwafaka phambili izidingo ze-captition, Kwenqatshelwe ukuthi kuvunguze idolobha nge-infantry. "
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwachazwa: "Umzamo ngamunye wokunqoba imvelo ukuvikela imvelo, uma kunesidingo, ngokusetshenziswa kwezikhali."
Ngakho-ke, uma ngisho neLeningrad yamemezela "idolobha elivulekile" noma amemezele, awukwazi ukungabaza ePhalamende kanye nezakhamizi kulo muzi, uzama ukuphunyula edolobheni elihambile, kuzohlangana nocingo oluvinjelwe, izibhamu ze-MIY kanye nezibhamu zomshini .
AmaJalimane ayengeke azokondla ama-leningradian, amaFinns awakwazanga
Indawo yokulwa nenganekwane yesayensi kufanele ifake umbono wokuthi ngesiphakamiso sokulethwa kwedolobha kufanele kudluliselwe kuFinn. Abaholi bamaJalimane ngokuqala kwempi bayengezela ukuvumela ozakwethu abaseFinland imvume yokujoyina insimu yaseSoviet, bafinyelele eLeviight, kodwa bathola impendulo engemihle: "Asinazo izimpendulo ezingezinhle:" Asinazo izimpendulo zokudla zikunikeze inani labantu. "
Futhi empeleni, ngo-1940, kwethulwa isinkwa, uwoyela, inyama nobisi eFinland, ekuqaleni kwawo-1941 - amaqanda nezinhlanzi. Ukuntuleka kwemikhiqizo yokudla eyisisekelo kwanda ngokungena kweFinland empini ngo-1941.
Ukungakwazi kukaFinland ukuzothatha "ngokwabo" i-Leningrad ebulawa yindlala izoqondakala uma sicabanga ukuthi inani labantu lalo laliyizinkulungwane ezingama-864 abantu abayizinkulungwane ezingama-451, futhi bonke abahlali basemadolobheni abekhona Endabeni ye-blockade ring 2 million 887 izinkulungwane.
Futhi endabeni yokuthathwa kukaLeningrad, izakhamuzi zaKho zizolinda isiphetho esibi kakhulu kunangokoqobo. AmaJalimane ayengeke awondle, amaFinns awakwazanga.
Ukuqashelwa kwesitha: Intando yezwe okufanele imelane nayo ayiphulwa
Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, i-Leningrad Blockade ayigcinanga nje ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa yi-halo yayo yangaphambili, kepha i-collective feat (ibhala ngamabomu leli gama ngohlamvu olukhulu) Latingradians avele phambi kwe-leningradians abuhlungu kakhulu futhi ngasikhathi sinye! - Ukukhanya kobuqhawe.
Ngaphansi kwezimo, lapho ukusinda okulula komzimba kubonakala ngathi, amabhlokhi wamanje, angenakwenzeka, "angenakwenzeka," emabhulokini "asebekhudlwana (ukucaphuna esinye sezimpendulo kwi-Intanethi)" akuzange kuphenduke umhlambi ohlanganisiwe we-Intanethi) "alungele ukugcwala komunye nomunye ka imvuthuluka yesinkwa, akazange alahlekelwe yisithunzi amandla okusebenza, acabange ngokuqamba, afunde futhi athuthukise. "
Esenikeze isigwebo esibindi kanye nasekumelaneni kwamasosha embuthweni obomvu, onesibindi esikhulu esigabeni saseSinsky nasezixhaphozini zaseSinyavini, ake sithi ngokusobala: ubuqhawe babo, belizombozwa ngokujaha, uma bekukhona Hhayi ngenxa yokuzidela okunjalo kwezakhamizi ezijwayelekile, lapho ngilahlekelwe yindlala nokubanda - kodwa ngokholo ekunqobeni!
Iqiniso Lokwazi - NgoFebhuwari 1945 Rechsführer SS Henrich Gimmler (Heinrich Himmler), ngaleso sikhathi umphathi we- "Visula" owayeseduze kwezindawo eziphansi, athunyelwe kwizinduna ze-BERDINAST ASTIONSTION zemicimbi evunyelwe Kumyalo wamaJalimane futhi inani lamadolobha amaJalimane lasinikeza isibonelo kubo.
U-Himmler wabhala: "Intando yeningi labantu ukumelana yayingaphulwayo. "Inzondo yabantu kithi isibe yinto ebaluleke kakhulu yokuzivikela." Lokhu kuqashelwa kwesitha se-lute kuyabiza!