Impi yaseLivonia yaqala ngo-1558. Isizathu sokuba kwakhe saba ukwehluleka kukaDani emhlanganweni waseLivonia wombuso waseMoscow. Inkosi u-Ivan IVIVIV i-IVEZNY yafuna ukwephula umphikisi wakudala futhi yathola indlela eya olwandle iBaltic. Kodwa-ke, ngemuva kokuwa kwe-oda ngo-1560 kule mpikiswano, okwathatha cishe ikota ecishe ibe yikhulu, kwabanye ababambiqhaza beDenmark, iSweden nasePoland, kanye nePond Fand, kanye ne-Grand Duchrars yeLithuania naseCrimean. Ukuxabana isikhathi eside kudale ushintsho olukhulu emaphathini aphikisayo aphambili: Ekupheleni kweminyaka eyi-1560s. Inkosi yaseMoscow yethule i-Okrichnin, noMbuso wasePoland kanye nesifunda esikhulu saseLithuania sasihlangene sikhulume ngokuyinhloko.
Impi yahamba ngempumelelo ehlukahlukene. Kuze kube ngu-1577, amabutho eMoscow azama ukunqoba endaweni yezifundazwe zeBaltic naseBelarus, kodwa inkosi yasePoland Stefan Batori yakwazi ukuhlela i-counter, eyamiswa kuphela yi-PSKOV's Defence Defense. UMbuso WaseMoscow kanye neCommonwealth bekhathele kakhulu, ngakho ngo-December 1581 Izingxoxo ezinokuthula zaqala edolobhaneni laseStakevov (eduze neZapolsky Yam, eningizimu yePSKOV).
Umbuzo omkhulu kwisivumelwano sokuthula esithintekayo iLivonia. U-Ivan Grozny wayefuna ukushiya uJuriev kuphela (manje manje, iTartu, estonia). Ama-batorians afuna ukushiya amadolobha aseLivonia, namaRussia. Ngenxa yalokho, u-Ivan IV, efuna ukunqoba wonke amabutho akhe ngokumelene namaSweden ahlule enyakatho yeSweden, avuma ukunikela eLivonia. UStephen Batius, uqinisekisa ukungabi nathemba kwemizamo yokuthatha i-Pskov, nayo yavuma izivumelwano, ishiya amadolobha aseRussia kanye nomnikelo.
Isivumelwano se-PM-zapolsky Mirny phakathi koMbuso waseMoscow kanye nenkulumo yeCommonwealth sasayinwa ngoJanuwari 15, 1582, ngokwemibandela yayo, uMuscovy wenqabile ama-polotsk kanye nokutholwa kwawo eLivonia. Ngokubuyisana, izigxobo ezithembisiwe ukubuyisa amadolobha aseRussia athunjiwe. Isivumelwano siphinde samisa umkhondo isikhathi esiyiminyaka eyi-10 futhi simemezele ukushintshana kweziboshwa. Izwe laseSapolsk alizange likuqede ukungqubuzana okuyinhloko phakathi kombuso waseRussia kanye nenkulumo yommangalelwa eBaltic States, kepha isivunguvungu esimisiwe sahlala isikhathi eside kuze kube yilapho isikhathi esinzima eRussia.
Umthombo: http://www.hroro.ru.