Eminye imikhaya ingafaka isicelo sokuthola imali ngaphansi kwengane ngaphansi kweminyaka eyi-18. Inhloso yezinzuzo kungenzeka ngaphansi kwezimo eziningi. Mayelana nokuthi yini inzuzo yokuthi izidingo kufanele zibe yini umndeni, ukuthi imali yokukhokha, siyokhuluma kanjani ekufundeni kwethu.
Ngubani ongafaka isicelo semvume yengane ngaphansi kweminyaka eyi-18
FZ No. 81 "Osembusweni Wombuso Kwezakhamizi ezinezingane" ngaphandle kokukhokha okuthiwa ukukhulelwa, ukunakekelwa kwengane kanye nokunakekelwa kwengane, ku-Article 3 kukhombisa umhlahlandlela wengane yanoma yimuphi unyaka.
I-Civil Code of the Russian Federation Esigabeni 1 se-Article 21 igcizelela ukuthi ingane ngumuntu ongabi nazi ku-Civity (iminyaka eyi-18). Ngaphambi kwalesi sikhathi, isakhamuzi esincane singathola ithuba ngaphambi kweminyaka yobudala, uma:
- ushade;
- Waqala umsebenzi ogcwele ogcwele kusukela eminyakeni engu-16. Futhi amandla ayo aphelele aqashelwa yinkantolo noma imizimba yokugada.
Ngakho-ke, kufika eminyakeni eyi-16 ubudala, ingane izoba njengomgomo. Kusukela eminyakeni eyi-16 kuye kwayi-18, ungumntwana uma umthamo wawo ophelele ungatholakali futhi awubonwa njengemizimba yokugada ngaphambili.
Ngakho-ke, le ncwadi ngaphandle kwemiyalo ebukhukhweni iqinisekisiwe ukuthi izoba yizingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka engu-16. Kuze kube yiminyaka eyi-18, isibonelelo yisakhamuzi, uma engazange sithole amandla aphelele futhi siseyingane.
Izimo ezijwayelekile ngenhloso yesibonelelo sengane encane:- Ingane ihlala ekunikezeni abazali;
- Abazali abanawo amalungelo amazali kuye;
- Ezinye izinhlobo zezinzuzo azikhokhiswa enganeni.
Ngakho-ke, kungacatshangelwa ukuthi umngcele weminyaka ophansi umntwana umntwana okungenani iminyaka eyisikhombisa. Kuze kube manje, izinzuzo zezingane eziyisisekelo ziyakhokhelwa.
Imithetho yokuqokwa kanye nokukhokhwa kwezinzuzo zengane encane ngokuya nge-Fz No. 81 Sungula izikhonzi zeRussia Federation, ngoba le ncwajana ikhokhwa kwisabelomali sesifunda. Kodwa-ke, umthetho wobumbano usungule imvamisa yezinkokhelo: okungenani kanye ngekota. Uma ufisa, isifunda singakhokha imali evame kakhulu.
Ku-Article 16 of the Federal Law "eziqondisweni zombuso, izakhamizi ezinezingane" kukhulunywa nangokuthi le mibandela ekhethwe ngumndeni osweleyo ukuba iqophe izinzuzo, isifunda uqobo saso siyasungulwa. Ngakho-ke, ngaphambi kokufaka isicelo sezinkokhelo, izimiso zokulawula kufanele zifundwe.
Le ncwajana ingathola umndeni lokho, ngempela, okudinga usizo lwezezimali. Imvamisa, imindeni enjalo ifaka:
- Imindeni engaphelele, lapho omunye wabazali eshonile noma ashiya khona umndeni futhi egwema ukukhokhwa kwe-alimony;
- Imindeni engenayo imali eyanele, lapho omunye wabazali ahlala khona ngaphandle komsebenzi, ungumfundi noma abasebutho bezempi.
Imvamisa isidingo sokusekelwa ngokwezinto ezibonakalayo sinqunywa ngokuqhathanisa imali engenayo yomndeni kanye nezinga lobuncane bendawo yokuziphilisa esifundeni. Kodwa-ke, isihloko senhlangano yaseRussia ngokwaso sisungula isikhathi lapho imali engenayo yomndeni inakwa khona.
- umehluko ongezelelekile phakathi kwemali engenayo yelungu ngalinye lomndeni kanye nezinga lobuncane be-lownunce;
- inani elidlula lo mehluko;
- Ingxenye yalo mehluko.
Ngezinkomba ezithile kanye namanani okukhokha angatholakala ezenzweni zokulawula zesifunda. Ungabathola kwiwebhusayithi kahulumeni wesifunda, kanye negatsha lokuvikela umphakathi.
Imiphi imibhalo okufanele iqoqwe ukuthola imihlomulo kuze kube yiminyaka eyi-18Ukufuna le ncwajana eHhovisi Lesifunda Lokuvikelwa Kwezenhlalo Yabantu. Ungafaka isicelo sezinkokhelo:
- ngqo ezinhlakeni zokuvikelwa komphakathi;
- nge-MFC;
- Engosini yezinsizakalo zomphakathi.
Isicelo kumele sisetshenziswe kwiphakheji yemibhalo eqinisekisa isidingo somndeni wokukhokha:
- Isitifiketi sokuzalwa kwengane encane;
- Iphasiphothi yengane engaphezu kweminyaka eyi-14;
- isitifiketi sokwakheka komndeni;
- isitifiketi semali engenayo yomndeni yesikhathi esilinganisiwe;
- Imibhalo eqinisekisa ukuntuleka kwemali ezimele enganeni kusuka eminyakeni eyi-16 kuye kweli-18 - Imvamisa lesi isitifiketi sezemfundo kanye nekhophi yekhasi lePasipoti ngesimo somshado;
- Imininingwane ye-akhawunti yasebhange;
- ikhophi yencwadi yezabasebenzi yabazali abangasebenzi;
- Ithikithi lezempi likababa, uma likhonza;
- Isitifiketi sokufundisa kukaMzali;
- Isitifiketi sokubalwa kwemali e-CZN;
- isitifiketi sesehlukaniso noma ukufa komunye wabazali;
- Isitifiketi sokungakhokhwa kwe-alimony kusuka kumzali wesibili.
Iziphathimandla zokuvikelwa komphakathi kufanele zicabangele uhlelo lwakho lokusebenza kungakapheli izinsuku eziyishumi zomsebenzi. Ibhukwana ngokwalo litholwa kuze kube unyaka owodwa. Ukwelula inzuzo, uhlelo lokusebenza kanye nemibhalo edingekayo ivuselelwa kabusha. Uma le ncwajana ihanjiswa enganeni eneminyaka eyishumi nesikhombisa, inkokhelo ibekelwe isikhathi ngaphambi kweminyaka yayo.
Okubalulekile ukukhumbula mayelana nalokho kusiza kuze kube yiminyaka eyi-18- Ukuthola ilungelo lokukhokha, ingane kumele ibe nokuhlinzeka ngabazali.
- Odinga umkhaya uyaziwa kuleli cala lapho imali yayo ephakathi ingeqi izindleko zokuphila esifundeni.
- Isihloko senhlangano yaseRussia ngokwaso sisungula izimo zokuhlinzeka ngosizo, ivolumu nemvamisa yalo. Ungafunda inqubo ukuhlinzekwa kwezinkokhelo kuwebhusayithi kahulumeni wesifunda noma esizeni sezitho zokuvikelwa komphakathi zesifundo sakho.
- Ukukhokhelwa kwengane akuqokwanga uma umndeni usuvele uthola ezinye izinkokhelo kuso.
- Ukufuna inkokhelo kusho iziphathimandla zokuvikela ezenhlalo.