I-athikili echaza imiphumela yocwaningo yanyatheliswa ku-Acta Astronautica Magazine. Kusukela ngo-December 1972, abasebenzi bomkhumbi we-Apollo-17 babuyela emhlabeni, ubuntu abuhlukanisi nephupho lokuvakashela inyanga futhi. Ngo-2017, uhulumeni wase-US wethule uhlelo lwe-artemis, inhloso yalokho ukundiza kowesifazane "wokuqala nowesilisa olandelayo" esigxotsheni saseNingizimu yeNyanga ngo-2024.
Kuhlelo lwe-Artemis, kuhlelwe ukusebenzisa ipulatifomu entsha yeLunar Gateway's Lunar Orbital njengesiteshi sesikhala esihlala njalo, lapho amamojula atholakalayo azoletha ama-odaya enyangeni. Ukuqaliswa komqondo omusha kucelile ukuthuthukiswa kwezinhlelo ezintsha zokufika kokwehla ebusweni beNyanga. Namuhla, izinkampani ezizimele ngokwesicelo seNASA ziqhuba ucwaningo ukudala amamojula amasha okufika kabusha, kepha inqubekela phambili kanye nemiphumela yezifundo ezenziwayo azikabikwa.
Umfundi we-Master's Skolteha Kir Latyshev, abafundi abathweswe iziqu uNikola Garzaniti, uprofesa uSolwazi Alessandro Garcar noProfesa Mit Edward Crealey baqala amamodeli wezibalo ukuhlola kakhulu uhlelo lwe-Artemis. Ohlelweni lomlando "Apollo", ngokwesibonelo, imodyuli yenyanga yasetshenziswa kusuka ezinyangeni zokufika nokuthatha izinkanyezi enyangeni nasekubuyele emkhunjini, kushiye izinyathelo zokufika enyangeni.
Abaphenyi baqhamuka emcabangweni wokuthi i-Lunar Gateway yesikhulumi esicishe iqonde e-halo ezungeze i-Lagrange L2 Point - Le ndawo ejikelezayo yindawo ekhethwayo yesigcawu esivumela isigcawu esiseningizimu yeNyanga. Ososayensi balingiswa okuhlukile lapho abasebenzi abasebenza ngezinkanyezi ezine bazochitha cishe izinsuku eziyisikhombisa enyangeni, behluka inani lezinyathelo nohlobo lwamafutha. Sekukonke, izinketho ezingama-39 zohlelo lwesikhathi esizayo sokufika komuntu enyangeni zihlaziywa. Kubandakanya ukuqhathanisa izinketho ezithembisa kakhulu kwizindleko zephrojekthi
Iqembu lasebenzisa indlela ehlanganisiwe ekuhlolweni kokunye ukucushwa kwamamojula wokufika ngokuhlaziya isethi yezinketho usebenzisa amamodeli wokuhlola. Okokuqala, ochwepheshe bakhombe iqoqo eliyisisekelo lezixazululo zezakhiwo, kufaka phakathi inani lezinyathelo nohlobo lwamafutha esigabeni ngasinye semodyuli yokufika.
Imininingwane etholakele yafingqwa ngesimo samamodeli wezibalo, ngosizo lokuthi ososayensi beqhuba isifundo esiphelele sezinombolo zezinketho zokwakha uhlelo, ehlanganisa izixazululo ezahlukahlukene zezakhiwo. Esigabeni sokugcina, izixazululo ezitholakele zahlaziywa nezinketho ezithandwayo ezingathandeka kulabo ababandakanyeka ekwakhiweni kwamamojula we-Lunar.
Ukuhlaziywa kwakhombisa ukuthi ngezinhlelo ezilahlwayo zohlobo lokutshala amamojula apollo, isixazululo esiphumelele kunazo zonke kusuka endaweni yokubukwa kwesibalo se-spacecraft kanye nenani lokuqalisa lizoba ukwakhiwa kwesigaba ezimbili . Kodwa-ke, ngemikhumbi esetshenziswayo, ehlelelwe ukuthi isetshenziswe njengengxenye yoHlelo lwe-Artemis, izinhlelo ezi-single-esiteji kanye nezintathu ziqala ukuncintisana neziteji ezimbili.
Njengoba kunikezwe konke ukucabanga okwenziwe kule ndatshana, kungaphikiswa ukuthi umholi "ongenamkhawulo" phakathi kwezixazululo zemishini yenyanga yesikhashana iyimodyuli esetshenziswayo yesikhashana esetshenziswayo e-okdrogen eyodwa kanye ne-liquid hydrogen (lox / lh2). Kodwa-ke, ababhali bagcizelela ukuthi lokhu kungukuhlaziywa kokuqala, lapho kubhekwa khona izinto ezibhekiswe kubasebenzi, amathuba okuba yimishini, kanye nobungozi bokuphathwa kwamaphrojekthi akwamukelwanga. Ukuphendula ngalezi zinto, ukumbumbuluzwa okuningiliziwe kuzodingeka ezigabeni ezilandelayo zohlelo.
UKir Latyshev uphawula lokho, njengengxenye yohlelo lwe-Apollo, onjiniyela beNASA benza ukuhlaziya okufanayo futhi bakhethe ukucushwa kwezinyathelo ezimbili. Kodwa-ke, ngaleso sikhathi, uhlelo lwenyanga lwakhiwa ekwakhiweni okuhlukile okuhlukile, lapho kwakungekho esiteshini se-lunar orbital, lapho kungenzeka khona ukubeka imodyuli yenyanga endaweni yokuphumula phakathi kwezindiza. Lokhu kusho ukuthi zonke izindiza kwadingeka zenze emhlabathini zisebenzisa amamojula wenyanga, okungukuthi, ukudala izinto ezintsha zomsebenzi ngamunye. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma kungekho esiteshini se-Lunar Orbital, ukusetshenziswa kohlelo lokutshala lwezinyathelo ezintathu, olubhekwa esikhathini sethu, akuzange kwenzeke.
"Ocwaningweni, sathola umphumela othokozisayo: Uma sibheka nje amadivaysi alahlekayo, kuvela ukuthi ngisho nesiteshi se-orbital, ungakha imodyuli yokufika kwezinyathelo ezimbili (imodyuli efanayo" Apollo ") nge-APLATICES kanye nophethiloli nezindleko eziphansi, ezihambisana nomqondo, zitholwe kuhlelo "Apollo". Kepha ukusetshenziswa kwamamojula asebenzisekayo kuguqula konke.
Yize amadivaysi angashadile futhi amathathu asadlula esiteji esibili ngesisindo sawo, avumela ukuthi sisebenzise kaninginingi iningi lezinqwaba zabo (cishe amaphesenti angama-70-100, hhayi ama-60, njengasesimweni samamojula esiteji ezimbili), ngenkathi eqinisekisa Ukonga izindleko kanye nokulethwa kubiza amadivaysi amasha esiteshini se-orbital, okuholela ekwehlisweni kohlelo lwenyanga oluphelele, "kusho uLatyshev.
Ingeza ukuthi isici esibalulekile ekwakhiweni kwezinhlelo ze-Space Engafakwanga ukuphepha kwabasebenzi, kepha ukucubungula kwalolu daba kungaphezu kohlaka locwaningo. "Ezokuphepha ziyisici esibalulekile lapho ukukhethwa kohlelo lokufika kuncike khona. Ukusetshenziswa kwamamojula amaningi kunganikeza amathuba amaningi okubuya okuphephile kwabasebenzi esiteshini saseLunar orbital uma kwenzeka kunesimo esiphuthumayo, esizuzisa imodyuli yesigaba esiningi esivela "umholi esiteji esisodwa.
Ngokungafani nemodyuli yesigaba esisodwa, uhlelo lwezigaba ezimbili noma ezintathu likuvumela ukuthi usebenzise ukubuyisa i-Crew yomibili yokuthatha nokufika. Ngasikhathi sinye, kulindeleke ukuthi, ngenxa yokulunga okukhulu, izinhlelo ezineziteji ezimbili nezinqubo ezintathu zizoba ngaphezulu kwengozi yokwehluleka kwezobuchwepheshe okuqhathaniswa nezinhlelo zesigaba esisodwa.
Lokho wukuthi, ukukhetha lapha kubuye kuvinjelwe - uhlelo ngalunye lunezinzuzo zalo kanye nobunzima, "kunezela iLatyshev. Esikhathini esizayo, ososayensi bahlela ukwandisa uhlaka bomsebenzi wabo futhi baqhuba isifundo esiphelele sokwakhiwa okuhleliwe kwalo lonke izingxoxo zazo zonke izinhlelo ezithembisayo zezindiza ze-ONNED SPACE ziye enyangeni.
Umthombo: Isayensi Enqunu