Sishicilela izinto ezisetshenziswayo zikaNdunankulu wePhini lika-Alexander Novaka ehlinzekwe yi-vemes ukutadisha isikhungo sokuhlaziya i-Carbon Track Abalobi baphetha ngokuthi isabelomali saseRussia eminyakeni engama-20 singalahlekelwa yingxenye yengxenye yamafutha negesi, kanye namaphrojekthi amasha eGazprom neRosneft, enoshintsho olunjalo, angahle aguqulwe.
Izimvo zikaNdunankulu wePhristu u-Alexander Novak
Ukuba khona kwezinhlanzi ezinkulu zamafutha negesi, inhlangano yaseRussia enezikhungo eziphambili zokusetshenziswa kwamandla kuyinzuzo yethu yokuncintisana. Umgomo wethu ukuhlela kabusha umnotho ngendlela yokuthi ihlukaniswe ngokwengeziwe - futhi lokhu kungenye yemisebenzi yethu eyinhloko. Ngasikhathi sinye, senza ngesisekelo sokuhlaziywa okuningiliziwe kanye nezilinganiso zesimo sezulu eziphathelene nokuvela kwenhlanganisela yesakhiwo esizayo emashumini eminyaka azayo.
Isidingo se-hydrocarbons, naphezu kwezinqubo ezisebenzayo ze-deCarbonalization emnothweni we-Europe efanayo, zizoqhubeka futhi zizohlala zisezingeni eliphakeme, kepha ingxenye yama-hydrocarbons e-Global Energy Balance izowa. Izinhloso zizoshintsha futhi lapho kuthengwa khona lezi zinsizakusebenza zamandla, - zizokwandisa isabelo se-hydrocarbons e-oyela kanye negesi chemistry. Kulokhu, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okuphelele emhlabeni kuzokhula. Ngokusho kwezibikezeli, cishe ama-2035-2040 azodliwa ngamandla amaningi angama-30%. Kuhle ukukhumbula ukuthi uwoyela negesi kuyinto enkulu yesayensi, imboni, abanye abadlali bezomnotho. Namuhla, ukugxila kokunakwa komhlaba kugxilwe ekuthuthukisweni kwezimboni ezibucayi zobuchwepheshe obuphakeme nobuchwepheshe obusha obusha bokuqonda. Okungukuthi, imikhakha yendabuko ivela kanye ne-ajenda eshintshayo.
Kulokhu, isidingo segesi sizohlala sizinzile kakhulu phakathi kwama-fossil fuels ngesikhathi sokuphumula kuze kube ngu-2040-20, iRussia iphakathi kwabaholi ezitolo zegesi kanye ne-LNG.
Kuyaqapheleka ukuthi namuhla iRussia inokunye kokulinganisela kwamandla amakhulu emhlabeni: ngaphezu kwengxenye yokusetshenziswa kwangaphakathi kwemithombo yamandla eyinhloko yezwe lethu.
Kulokhu, okunciphisa ukukhishwa kwamalayisense okuthuthukiswa kwama-deposits kubonakala kuyindlela eyiphutha. Sesivele sisebenza ngenkuthalo ngokwanda kokusebenza kwamandla okusetshenziswa kwemithombo yamandla endabuko, kunciphise "umkhondo wezemvelo". Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi imithombo yamandla ye-fossil ingaba nobungane bemvelo, kucatshangelwa ukuthuthukiswa kanye nokusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe banamuhla bokubamba nokulahla ukuphuma okulimazayo, kanye nezindlela zokunxephezela. Amaphrojekthi okuqala asevele enziwa - ukukhumbuza ukuthi isifunda seSakhin sikhethwe njengesifunda sokushayela ukudala uhlelo lokuhweba lokusebenza ngamamaki e-carbon ezimakethe zangaphandle nezifuywayo. Ngakho-ke, ipulatifomu ye-sakhelin ingaba yisisekelo sokuhlola hhayi kuphela uhlelo lokuhweba lwe-Ejection kuphela, kodwa futhi nesimo sokuhlola ubuchwepheshe obutholakalayo ukunciphisa umphumela wekhabhoni bese kubalwa umphumela wezomnotho ohlelweni lwabo.
Okuhle kakhulu kokuncishiswa kokuphuma nakho kunxeshezelwa ukukhishwa ngenxa yokuqedwa kwamanye amaphrojekthi wamahlathi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, sibona amathuba okuncishiswa kwezobuchwepheshe kokukhishwa ngokuthola i-CO2 namanye amagesi abamba ukushisa. Kumabhizinisi we-TEC yaseRussia, kungenzeka ukwethula izindlela zokubamba, ukubamba nokulahlwa kwekhabhoni (CCUS). Enye indlela yokusebenzisa izinyathelo zokunciphisa ukuphuma kwegesi abamba ukushisa kungukulahla kwegesi ehlobene ne-petroleum (PNG). Kwezinye izimo, ngokwesibonelo, lapho imali ebekiwe ye-SellorlonTeftegaz OJSC, indlela yokukhiqiza igesi yokukhiqiza isebenza kakhulu kunokupompa. Isipiliyoni esibalulekile ekusetshenzisweni kwe-GazLift sinqwabelene yiGazpromNet ekuthuthukisweni kwensimu ye-Orenburg Oil ne-Condensate Field (ONGKM).
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukugcina isikhundla sokuncintisana seRussia emakethe yezwe ngo-Okthoba 12, 2020, uhulumeni wavuma ukuthi kuthuthukiswe umgwaqo we-hydrogen amandla kwa-Russian Federation kuze kube ngu-2024, okubandakanya ukwanda kokukhiqizwa kwe-hydrogen Njengomthwali wezemvelo onobungane bemvelo, kanye nokungena kwezwe inani labaholi bomhlaba ekukhiqizweni kwalo nasekuthutheni kwamanye amazwe.
Ngingaphawula ukuthi kungaba yiphutha ukukhuluma ngokuncika okuphezulu kwesabelomali esivela kumafutha negesi etholwayo. Asikhuphuli ukuncika komnotho waseRussia kusuka emkhakheni wamafutha negesi. Izibalo zangempela zikhuluma ngalokhu - imali engenayo yesabelomali saseRussia, ukwanda kwemali engenayo ye-nonnenegas. Ngalo mqondo, u-2020 waba yinkomba enkulu, eyayihlolwe amandla emboni yethu yamafutha negesi enamanani entengo e-minima aphansi ngezinto zokwakha ezivuthiwe kanye nomnotho waseRussia wonke. Ake ngikukhumbuze ukuthi ngo-2020, imali engenayo ye-oyili negesi yesabelomali sombuso sehle ngo-34% uma kuqhathaniswa nonyaka we-34% uma kuqhathaniswa nama-ruble angama-28%, ngenkathi imali engenazo izigidi ezingama-10. kufika ku-13,487 trillion.