"Ukufana okusasobala phakathi kokuhlanganiswa kukabhubhane kwe-covid-19 kanye nezifo zezitshalo. Njengoba sifunda kabanzi nge-coronavirus, isebenza njengesikhumbuzo sohlobo lwezitshalo amagciwane kanye nama-dynamics wendlela atheleleka ngayo futhi alimaze ngayo izilimo zethu. - Ubhala esihlokweni sakhe kwi-portal ekhulayo uStephen T. Koyk, umqondisi wokuxilongwa kwe-trical, eCalifornia, e-USA.
- Omunye wabahede wakamuva nge-Covid-19 ephathelene nezingqinamba zegciwane. Emhlabeni wonke, leli gciwane le-17 likhona ngendlela yezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zofuzo noma "izingqinamba" (ezaziwa nangokuthi "Izinketho").
Ekuqaleni, ubhubhane lwaqala eChina kusukela ku-virus l strain. I-STRAIN S iyindlela yokuqala noma inguqulo eguquliwe ye-Covid-19. Kodwa-ke, muva nje ukukhathazeka okusha kuyinguqulo entsha ye-COVIOB B.1.1.7, okubonakala sengathi ingenwa kahle ngomuntu womnikazi futhi isakazeka ngokushesha. Okokuqala ngqa ebhaliswe e-UK, le nketho B.1.1.7 manje sekwembuliwe emazweni ahlukahlukene omhlaba.
Ama-pathogens ezitshalo akhona ngendlela yezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zofuzo, ezingabizwa ngokuthi "ama-perkin", "izinketho", "izinhlanga" kanye nezinye izimiso. Kwezinye izimo, ukuba khona kwezindlela ezahlukahlukene kuthinta izilimo, futhi abalimi kanye nochwepheshe bensimu kungenzeka bangazi ngakho.
Kodwa-ke, kwezinye izimo, ukuthuthukiswa kohlobo olusha noma umjaho omusha kungakhombisa ukuthuthuka okukhulu kule ndawo.
Izingqinamba ezintsha noma izinhlanga zingakunqoba ukuqina kofuzo okufakwe ezinhlobonhlobo ukuvikela kuma-pathogen. Isibonelo, eCalifornia, izinhlobo ezithandwayo ezinama-celery ziqukethe izinhlobo zofuzo ezenza lezi zinhlobonhlobo zimelane neFusarium Yellogen Pathogen. Abalimi bangatshala lezi zinhlobonhlobo emasimini athelelekile futhi ngasikhathi sinye bathola isivuno esihle kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, umjaho omusha 4 we-pathogen fusarium unqoba lezi zifuzo zokuqina, okuholela ekulahlekelweni kwesisindo.
Isipinashi bekulokhu kutholakala kakhulu kwi-ejenti yokuhlukumeza ngamanga, kanti abalimi bakhule izinhlobo ezinzile. Kodwa-ke, izinhlanga ezintsha zokuhlukunyezwa kwamanga ezikhulisa izifo emigqeni ezinzile ngaphambili ziyathuthuka lapha.
Umenzeli we-causative we-Grey Rot, botrytis, uvame ukukhula izinketho ezimelana nama-fungicides ahlukahlukene asetshenziselwa ukulwa nayo. Amagciwane xanthomonas nama-pseudomonas, i-fusarium namanye amakhowe awaziwa kahle ngekhono labo lokushintsha nokwakha izinhlobo ezintsha.
Zonke ama-microorganisms zikhona njengeziningi zamaqembu ahlobene kakhulu, kepha ahlukahlukene. Kulezi zinto, wonke amaqembu ama-bacteriya noma wonke amaqembu amakhowe awafani, kepha ahluka kancane ekubusweni kwalo kofuzo. Lolu shintsho lubangelwa ukuguqulwa kwezinguquko, ukubuyiselwa kofuzo nezinye izinto.
Kwezinye izimo zemvelo noma zezemvelo, iqembu elithile lingabonakala, likhiqizwe kabusha ngesivinini esisheshayo futhi livele njengenguqulo entsha ye-pathogen engadala izifo kwabanikazi.
Njengohlobo olusha lwe-B.1.1.7 I-COVID, ukutholwa yisinyathelo sokuqala esidingekayo. Ngesikhathi sokucwaninga, ososayensi kumele baqale bakhule izindlela zokuthola ukutholakala okuqinisekisa ukuba khona kosongo olusha.
Abaphenyi basebenzisa ukuhlaziywa kwama-molecular, izivivinyo zokugoma kanye neminye imicimbi ukubhala umjaho omusha noma ubunzima. Ukulandela imibhalo enjalo, ososayensi bakhula futhi bathuthukise izivivinyo zokuxilongwa kanye nabasebenzi abasizayo abangasetshenziselwa ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukuqubuka kwesifo sezitshalo kubangelwa inketho entsha. Ngemuva kwalokho abakhiqizi kufanele balawule ukuqubuka kwesimo esisha se-pathogenic yezitshalo ngokuya ngamasu ayinkimbinkimbi.
Nazi izindlela ezijwayelekile ezihlanganisiwe zomzabalazo:
- Prakthiza ukujikeleza kwezilimo futhi ungatshali isiko elinokwenzeka.
- Sebenzisa izindlela ezifanele zamasiko ukuze ufake isandla ekukhuleni kokuvunwa, kepha ukuvimbela ukuthuthukiswa kwamagciwane.
- Bheka izinyathelo ezifanele zokuhlanzeka ukuze kusetshenziswe ubunzima obusha ngaphandle kwenhlabathi enegciwane (yama-pathogens omhlabathi), izinsalela eziqondile noma imishini.
- Shintsha amasu we-fungicidal ukuze izindlela ezahlukahlukene zesenzo zisetshenziswa ngokumelene nezinketho ezizinzile ngamakhemikhali.
Njengoba iningi lezinhlanga ezintsha ze-pathogens liphule izakhi zofuzo ngaphambili zinikeze ukuqina, ingxenye esemqoka yokulawulwa iyabonakala ngezinhlobo ezintsha, kepha ukukhetha kuwumsebenzi onzima othatha isikhathi ukufeza inhloso yokufeza inhloso yokufeza inhloso yokufeza umgomo. Ngenkathi ama-microorganisms azinze ngendlela emangalisayo futhi evumelana kalula. Lapho nje kusetshenziswa ibanga elisha eliqinile, inani lamagciwane lakha enye inketho entsha, ekhombisa ukuthi impi yokulwa nezifo ingaba yindaba yokukhuphuka njalo phakathi kwamagciwane nabantu. "
(Umthombo: www.growingprodue.com. Kuthunyelwe ngu: UStephen T. Koyk, umqondisi wokuxilongwa kwe-trical).