Ngesisekelo, amaJapan aqala ukumangaza umhlaba wonke ngekhono lokukhula ezimbizeni ezincane zezimbali ahlukahlukene ezihlubuke nezihlahla. Lapho entshontsha imingcele yaseJapan, lobu buciko busakaze umhlaba. Futhi manje izihlahla ezincane zazo zifinyelela emashumini ambalwa eminyaka, zivela emizini yezakhamizi zamazwe aseYurophu nase-Asia, kanye nezwekazi laseMelika.
Emhlabeni wonke, imibukiso yezitshalo ezimfushane yaqala ukubanjwa. Amafemu akhethekile, alandela imfashini, aqala ukukhula kwezihlahla ezincane ezithengiswayo. Kanye ne-juniper encane, ama-ficuses, bamboo kanye namaphayini amafomu amangalisayo kakhulu axazululwa ngamakhamera ahlukahlukene, amathala nama-sill amawindi.
Yini i-bonsai?
Igama lobuciko be-botanical of bonsai liqukethe izingxenye ezimbili. Omunye ukhombisa okuthile okufana nomkhumbi oyisicaba, kanti okwesibili inqubo yezitshalo ezikhulayo. Isiko Bonsai ngokwalo lisekelwe ezimfundisweni zenkolo yase-Asia.
UBonsai uyisiko lasendulo okwakungekhulu leminyaka ye-xvii eJapan nase China ngelungelo lezikhulu nabefundisi. Kuyaziwa ukuthi iminyaka yamakhophi amadala kakhulu namuhla asendlini yaseJapan.
EYurophu, lobu buciko basendulo bawa ekugcineni kwekhulu le-XIX ngesikhathi sombukiso wezizwe eParis, futhi kamuva, ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20 - eLondon.
Ukutshala izihlahla ezincane kungaphansi kwezimiso ezithile:
- Ukwakheka kwesiqu njengomugqa oyinhloko, okuzolandela wonke amagatsha esitshalo;
- ukugwema noma yikuphi ukuvumelanisa lapho kwakheka isihlahla;
- Ukuvinjelwa ekusetshenzisweni kwenani elinemininingwane yezihlahla ngaphandle kwezimbili.
Izitshalo ezisezingeni le-Bonsai zitshalwe ngalezi zinhlobo ezilandelayo:
- I-Bonsanai encane. Isitshalo esikhule kule ndlela sinokuphakama kusuka ku-6 kuye ku-15 cm futhi kuhlangene impela.
- Igumbi Bonsai. Leli qembu lifaka izitshalo ezincane ezithambekele ngogqiba. Amakhophi anjalo unyaka wonke angaba ngaphakathi futhi awadingi ukuthula kwasebusika.
- Isimo se-miniature landscape. I-Bonsai, idalwe kule ndlela, iveze yonke imikhakha yezindawo, ngaphezu kwesitshalo uqobo, futhi iqukethe ezinye izinto zendawo - ngokwesibonelo, ugu lwechibi noma umfula ogelezayo. Lokhu kwenzeka ngokukhethwa ngokucophelela kwamatshe, izinto zemifino, inhlabathi.
Isiko leBonsai lisho design efanele. Ukuba yiMemoir mayelana nemvelo, kufanele ihambisane. Konke kufanele kube ukuvumelanisa: futhi kukhethwe kahle imbiza, futhi ukwakheka kwesiqu sezitshalo kanye nemiqhele yayo, nezinto zokuhlobisa, ukuzilibazisa, imininingwane yemininingwane yezwe ezungeze isihlahla sendalo.
Kubalulekile ukunaka ukukhetha kwebhodwe. Ngokwesimo nemibala, akufanele ancintisane nesitshalo. Okuthandwa kakhulu yimithunzi onsundu futhi eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
Ukuma ngaphansi kwembiza kubaluleke kakhulu. Ngokusho kochwepheshe emkhakheni weBonsai, le yingxenye ebalulekile yokwakheka.
Ungayinakekela kanjani iBonnai?
Ukunakekelwa okulungile kubaluleke kakhulu ezitshalweni ezincane.
Okokuqala, kuyadingeka ukunikeza ukukhanyisa okufanele. Kuzothatha indawo ekhanyayo ewindini, kubaluleke kakhulu ukunaka ukukhanyisa okufanele esikhathini sasekwindla-sasebusika. Ukushonelwa kokukhanya kungenye yezizathu eziphambili zokuwohloka kwesimo sezitshalo ze-bonsai.
Enye into ebalulekile yokunakekelwa, lapho isimo sezitshalo kuncike khona ukuthambisa njalo okufika ngesikhathi.
I-Bonsai itshalwe ikakhulukazi imbewu, yize amanye amatshe angenamathuba angaphindaphinda ngendlela yezitshalo.
Okubaluleke kakhulu ekutshalweni kunamathiselwe ku-substrate, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yesikhala esincane sokuthuthukiswa kwezimpande. Ezinye izinhlobo zihlakulela eMcu, ngoba ziphendula cishe kuzo zonke izidingo ze-substrate: inesakhiwo senhlanhla, iyakwazi ukubamba amanzi nezakhi zomzimba.
- Iningi le-hardwood lizizwa kahle ku-substrate ehlanganisa isihlabathi nobumba oluhlaza okotshani.
- Ukuqhakaza nezitshalo ezinezithelo, i-humus evumayo ingezwe emhlabathini.
Ukwakheka kokucushwa kwesiqu kanye nomqhele kuyinto yobuciko obufaka amasu amaningi ahlukile. Ukuze ugweme ukukhula okungadingekile kwesitshalo, zombili izimpande kanye nemiqhele, uBonsai unqunywe njalo, uzama ukwenza amasayithi okuthena abonakale angabonakali ngangokunokwenzeka. Uhlobo lwesitshalo olujwayelekile lwesimo ngesikhathi sokunquma kufanele lusindiswe.
Usayizi nosayizi wembiza kuncike esimweni nobukhulu besitshalo, esikhula kuwo. Ezindaweni eziphakeme zezitshalo ezinamandla anamandla aphonsayo ama-barrel noma izinhlobo ze-appelphic. Ngezihlahla ezinamandla zokusakazeka, kunconywa amathangi e-oval noma ama-square. Ukukhula ngokuphelele izimo ezithe xaxa zitshalwe ezitsheni ezixande noma zesikwele. Ngezansi kwazo kufanele kube nezimbobo zokugeleza kwamanzi ngokweqile, futhi ingaphezulu elimbozwe yi-icing lizofaka isandla emhlabathini owenziwe kancane wenhlabathi.
Yiziphi izitshalo ezilungele i-bonsai?
Abanye abaningi bokutshala unyaka nonyaka ekhaya bayafaneleka:
- Imibala Izinhlobonhlobo Izinhlobo, ngokwesibonelo, i-FicUs Benjamin, Aralia, Isihlahla Izinkulungwane Zezinkanyezi, Mulechativate Sheffer;
- Ama-tolstanks ezinhlobonhlobo ezahlukahlukene, iPordulak, uMirr, iRosemary, ezinye izinhlobo ze-cypress ne-geranium nazo zithathwa njengezinhlobo ezifanele;
- Izitshalo ezihlala ziluhlaza - okuvumayo, okuyisicoco kanye ne-juniper - gcina ukubukeka kwaphakade.
Ukuwa kwezihlahla nezihlahlana, naphezu kwezimo zazo ezimbalwa kanye nezimo ezikhethekile zokuba khona, bukhoma ngesimo sesigqi sonyaka wazo: ekwindla bayajabulisa umqhele onemibala eminingi, futhi ephepheni - amapheshana aqhakaza, futhi kamuva futhi Izithelo.
Izitshalo eziningi ezilungele ukwakheka kwezingoma ezisezinsusweni zeBonsAI zenzeka ezindaweni ezishisayo nasezindaweni eziphansi. Zidinga ukunakekelwa okujwayelekile okujwayelekile, ukukhanyisa okuhle nokunisela okufika ngesikhathi. Ukunakekelwa okufanele kuyisidingo sokuqala ukwakheka okuphumelelayo kwe-bonsai.
Umbhali - ekaterina Manova
Umthombo - Springzhizni.ru.