Iphiramidi yezezimali kaBernard Maidoff ibizwa ngokuthi umkhwanyana omkhulu kunayo yonke emlandweni wase-United States. Bangaphezu kwezigidi eziyi-3 zokulimala kwemali ecishe ibe yizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-3 18 Uhlelo lwenkohliso lwasungulwa ezungeze iMadoff Investment Securities LLC ngeminyaka yama-1990s, yakwazi ukuveza ngoDisemba 2008 - cishe eminyakeni engama-20 kamuva.
Inani lephiramidi
UBernard Lawrence Maidoff, uthweswe iziqu ze-Farn Rockaway High School, wavula uBernard L. Madoff Investment Securities LLC eminyakeni engama-22, ngama- $ 5,000, aqongelelwe emisebenzini yesikhashana ngenkathi efunda. Inhlangano yasheshe yathandwa phakathi kwabatshalizimali. Ekuqaleni, inkampani yatshalwa kumasheya ayingozi amafemu ayengafakwanga ohlwini lweNew York Stock Exchange. Ukwethulwa kokuhweba okwenziwe ngekhompyutha kwenze kwaba namandla okwenza kuze kufike ku-6% ku-NYSE. Ukuhlanekezelwa kwenkampani kwakhula, ukubamba iqhaza emkhandlwini wabaqondisi baseNasdaq kwamlethela inkazimulo yenganekwane ephilayo eWall Street.Ngo-1987, inkomba ye-dow-jones yawa, ukushintshanisa ukwethuka kwe-meadoff ukubheka imithombo emisha yemali engenayo. Ngokuphikisana nesizinda somumo ojwayelekile, abatshalizimali abaningana emakethe bazwakalise ukulungela kwabo ukumnika indlela. Nikeza inzuzo ephezulu yezezimali ayikwazanga, kepha ayifuni ukwenqaba amakhasimende, wangena futhi waya enkohlisweni.
Ukuthi uhlelo lwasebenza kanjani
Ukukhohlisa kwemali kuhunyushwe ekulandiseni kwakhe eChase Manhattan Bank, kuthi uhlelo lakhe lokutshala imali lusha futhi lunzima ukuliqonda. Idumela elingenakuqhathaniswa lamvumela ukuba ahehe imali eyengeziwe nengeziwe entsha futhi akhokhele 12-13% yazo inzuzo. Uma uBernard yokuqala enethemba lokuthi abuyele ekutshalweni kwemali ethembekile ngokushesha nje lapho isimo emakethe yamasheya sizinza, khona-ke ngokuzayo akakwazanga ukwenqaba ukugcwala okunenzuzo.
I-Audacity ne-Enterprise Maideff evunyelwe ukugwema ukucwaningwa kwamabhuku. Umkhawulo wokuzethemba kuwo cishe awunamkhawulo. Ngo-2000, ikhomishini yezokuphepha kanye neKhomishini yokushintshana ayinaka ukubalwa kwabahlaziyi beHarry Marcopolis, obekukwazi ukuqonda izindlela zesikhonyo. Kepha ngo-2002, imali ekhangayo yayingabe isakwazi ukumboza ukwahlukaniswa okuthenjisiwe.
Inkinga yezezimali ngo-2008 yabeka ukuphela kwephiramidi. Lapho abanikeli abaningana abaningana befuna ukukhokha cishe amadola ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyisikhombisa ngasikhathi sinye, uMaideoff akakwazanga ukuthola imali. Ngaphansi kobunzima be-thementet, umkhohlisi uvumile emadodaneni akhe, futhi ngokushesha baxhumana neziphathimandla. Mhlawumbe, akenzeki emakethe yemakethe yesitoko emhlabeni wonke, iMeadoff Foundation iyaqhubeka nokusebenza.
Ukugcina
Inani eliphelele lediphozithi lalingamashumi ezigidigidi zamaRandi. Eminyakeni engu-16 eyedlule, akekho umuntu oqagele ngomongo wenhlekelele wenhlangano, njengoba abadobi bakhokhelwe ku-15% ngonyaka. Ngokwemiphumela yophenyo, inkantolo yamgweba iminyaka engu-150 yokuphetha. Abantu abaningana bazibulala ngemuva kokuba imiphumela yezezindaba yenziwe obala. Ngo-Ephreli 2020 MAIAIOFF, uneminyaka engama-82 ubudala, uyaqhubeka nokusithola isigwebo sakhe.
Uma uthanda ukushicilelwa, ungakhohlwa ukuletha okufanayo futhi ubhalise esiteshini sethu, kuzoba nezinto eziningi ezithokozisayo!