Isigaba esibalulekile kubuchwepheshe bokukhula kwezilimo zasebusika ukubonwa kabusha kwezimila ngemuva kokuthola. Ukungafani kwalesi sikhathi ukuthi ekuqaleni kokuvuselelwa kwenkathi yokukhula, ukuthuthukiswa kwezilimo zasebusika kwenzeka ngemibandela yesimo sezulu esipholile kanye nosuku olufushane lokukhanya, okubangela isidingo sezinto ezanele zokudla, womabili ama-macro kanye nama-microelements.
Ukubambelela kwamanxeba okusanhlamvu okusanhlamvu ezitshalweni ezingaphansi kanye nezilimo ezipelwayo kwenza ukuthi kwandise ukunamathela okunamathela, futhi kwakhiwa kahle ukukhulisa umkhiqizo weSpike. Ngokwanda kwesisindo semifino ebusika, okwakhiwa emasontweni okuqala ngemuva kokuqala kabusha kwezimila, kuyadingeka ukuhlinzeka ngesiko ngenani elifanele le-nitrogen ukuze kukhulise ukukhuphuka kwezitshalo.
Ngokuqondene nomanyolo we-phosphoric ne-potash, zivame ukulethwa ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela, ekwindla. Kodwa-ke, kule minyaka engamashumi amabili edlule, isingeniso sazo, siqhathaniswa ne-nitrogen, sehle kakhulu. Kufanele futhi kuqashelwe ukuthi inkinga ye-phosphate kanye nokudla okungondlekile kwe-potash izitshalo ukuthi izindawo eziphelele zalezi zinto eziningi zibaluleke kakhulu, kepha ingxenye yamafomu atholakalayo ayisona njalo ngezidingo zezidingo zezitshalo.
Ukuhlinzekwa kwezitshalo ngokuhambisa i-phosphorus kanye nama-potassium amakhompiyutha kungathuthukiswa ngokusebenzisa ukutshala kwezilimo ze-phosphorus kanye nama-potassmobiling ama-bacterial amalungiselelo kubuchwepheshe bezilimo ezikhulayo zezolimo. Ngakho-ke, ngokudla okulimele kwezitshalo zokudlwengulwa zasebusika kanye nezitshalo zasebusika, kunconywa ukusebenzisa i-BioCOMPPL-BTU.
I-GrandFix - Ukulungiselela kwebhayoloji okwenziwe yinkampani ye-BTU-Center, okubandakanya ama-Bacillus Subtilis Bacterium Complex, i-Bacibeli Megateium Var. I-phospharicoccum, i-azotobacter Chroococcum, i-Entobacter sp.
Isenzo se-GrappIx kuhloswe ngaso ukwenza ngcono ukufinyeleleka kanye nokuhamba emhlabathini we-phosphorus nokushintshana nge-potassium, kanye nokwanda kwezindlela ezahlukahlukene ze-nitrogen enhlabathini; ukukhulisa isici sokusetshenziswa kwezinto zomsoco kusuka kumanyolo 1.2-1,5 izikhathi; Ukugqugquzela ukwamukelwa kwamahhala ezitshalweni ze-silicon; Ukwenza ngcono umsebenzi wemvelo wenhlabathi, ukuthuthukiswa kwenhlabathi, futhi futhi kunokulandela okuhle kusiko elilandelayo.
Kungenzeka ukusebenzisa amalungiselelo okuthola imali ethosiwe ngalezi zindlela ezilandelayo: ngaphansi kokwelashwa kwenhlabathi okuyinhloko nokungaphambi kokuhlwanyela lapho kukhula lapho kukhula khona, kanye naseRanu.
Ngokuhambisana kwe-CACCicter Grown
Emizimbeni yelebhu, kwaqhutshwa isifundo sokuba kwethulwa ngokuhlangene kwe-Ofressip egobile kanye ne-caspressionation, okungukuthi ithonya lomanyolo we-nitrogen ekusebenzeni kwamagciwane ama-2 namahora ama-4. Ukulawula kusetshenzwe amanzi okuthepha amanzi (Ithebula 1).
Ithebula 1. Umphumela we-carbamide-ammonia inhlanganisela (i-CAS) ekusebenzeni kwama-microorganisms of the bioptporcition of
Kuzo zonke izimbotshana, izinga le-biter bird enokufakwa kwe-CAS alikaze lincishiswe uma liqhathaniswa nokulawulwa. Imiphumela ikhombisa ukuthi amagilebhisi akwazi ukusebenzisa kanye ne-carbamide-ammonia ingxube (i-CAS).
Ngo-2017-2020. Izifundo zokukhiqizwa zokwethulwa ngokuhlangene kwe-GrandFix Biopreparation nge-CAS ezitshalweni zokudlwengulwa kobusika ebusika ngokudlwengulwa okujwayelekile okungu-5 l / ha kanye nezitshalo zokusanhlamvu zasebusika nge-Norm - 3 l / ha. Izifundo zenziwa ekwanzweni ezahlukahlukene, izinhlobo zenhlabathi kanye ne-PH (Ithebula 2).
Itafula. 2. Izimo zokwenza ucwaningo nge-GRRFIXIx Biopreparation
Yize izimo zezulu phakathi neminyaka yocwaningo zihlukile, kepha imithetho esemqoka yesenzo sokulungiselela i-GransFiport nge-Agrochemical yenhlabathi kanye nokukhiqizwa kwezilimo kwagcinwa.
Ezilimo zokudlwengulwa kobusika, entwasahlobo yokuqala ye-grappx 5 l / ha cas, ukwanda kwesivuno kutholwe kusuka ku-3.31 kuya ku-5.0 C / Fig. 1). Ukwanda kwesikhundla sesiko kungenxa yokwanda kwenombolo yembewu e-pod kanye nesisindo sembewu eyi-1000.
Lapho kusesiko lokusanhlamvu ebusika lokulungiswa kwebhayoloji kwama-3 l / hectare avela e-CAS, ngokuya ngobuchwepheshe obuthathwe emnothweni, ukukhuphuka kukakolweni ebusika kwatholakala kusuka ku-1.9 kuye ku-5.3 C / HA.
Fig. 1. Isivuno sokudlwengulwa kwezilimo zasebusika nezitshalo zasebusika
Imiphumela yokuhlaziywa kwenhlabathi ye-agrochemical
Ukuqapha ukwanda kwenani lezinhlobo zeselula ze-phosphorus ne-potassium ngemuva kokusetshenziswa kokulungiswa kwe-gransfix ye-biological, ukukhethwa kwenhlabathi kwenziwa ngokuhlaziywa kwe-agrochemical kanye nemvelo. Njengoba imiphumela yokuhlaziywa kwe-agrochemical yenhlabathi ikhombisa, kuma-embodiments ngokwaziswa okumakiwe, kube nokwanda kwezindlela ezinyakazayo ze-phosphorus noma izinga layo lokuhamba ezitshalweni zokudlwengulwa kobusika kanye nokolweni wesampula yenhlabathi (Ithebula 3). Ukukhula kwamafomu we-phosphorus ashukumisayo, kuya ngohlobo lomhlabathi kanye nesigaba sokuthuthukiswa kwesiko, kwavela ku-81.4%. Izinga lokuhamba kwe-phosphorus lenyuke kuzo zonke izinhlobo zenhlabathi. Inani lokugoqa i-potassium lenyuke ngo-6.3 - 20%. Izinga lokuhamba kwe-expreming potassium futhi lenyuke cishe zonke izinhlobo zenhlabathi.Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi kwezinye izifundo kube nokuncipha kwenani lezinhlobo ze-phosphorus ephathekayo kanye ne-potassium amafomu ahambisana nokwanda kwezithelo kanye nokwanda okuhambisanayo kokususwa kwezinto ezinomsoco nemikhiqizo eyinhloko.
Itafula. 3. Imiphumela yokuhlaziywa kwe-agrochemical yenhlabathi
Umphumela ngomsebenzi wemvelo wenhlabathi
Ukunquma umphumela we-grappx emsebenzini wemvelo wenhlabathi, amakhowe ahlukaniswe amasampula emhlabathini abe amasampula ahlanzekile aze anqume amasu ahlukahlukene (Ithebula 4).
Itafula. 4. Imiphumela yokuhlaziywa kwenombolo yenhlabathi
Ngokwemiphumela yokuhlaziywa kwenhlangano yenhlabathi, kukhona ukwanda kwenani lezinhlobo ze-saprotrophic ezindaweni ezine-grappx. Lokho wukuthi, ama-microorganisms, ayingxenye yokulungiselela i-grappix eqinile, ancintisana ngenkuthalo nezinhlobo ze-pathogenic zendawo yendawo, enomthelela omuhle ekukhuleni nasekuthuthukisweni kwamasiko. Inani lezinhlobo ze-saprotrophic zama-microorganisms ezigcawini ezihambisana nokwethulwa kwe-grapfix biopreparution egxile kukhuphuke ngo-4.1-41.0%.
Ingxenye yezomnotho ye-phoosformonobur
Izindleko zokwenza amatshe ezifundweni zokukhiqiza ngokuhambisana ne-9.53 ne- $ 22.54 / Ha. Lapho ubala inzuzo etholakele etholakele, intengo ithathwe ngu-08.08.2020. Okwamathani ayi-1 ebusika ukudlwengulwa - 432.84 $ kanye nokolweni wasebusika - 201.99 $. Ngakho-ke, inzuzo enemibandela etholakele ekusetshenzisweni kwe-granskix ye-gracedinix yokulungiselela ukudlwengulwa nge-oxese kusuka ngo-117.12 kuya ku-190.27 / hectare, ngo-89.92 $ / Ha.Ngenxa yalokho, ukwethulwa kwezitshalo zokudlwengulwa zasebusika nezitshalo zokusanhlamvu zasebusika zokulungiswa okusanhlamvu okuvela eqhweni kwandisa ukutholakala kwezindlela zeselula ze-phosphorus ne-potassium, ukusebenza kokusetshenziswa kwamasiko kanye nokukhiqizwa kwamasiko.
O.V. I-Schergun, uswile. S.-X ISAYENSI, BTU-Center
D.V. ILitvinov, D. S.-X Science, Nubip
Abamele abasemthethweni benkampani ye-BTU Center:
E-Russia: Inkampani i-Obolik Linehttps://organik-line.ru.
EKazakhstan: Inkampani yenkampani ye-Albihttp://albio.kz.