Isikhungo sombukiso we-R & C sifingqe imiphumela ka-2020 futhi siveza isilinganiso sesikhombisa sonyaka samandla okugcina ezifundeni zaseRussia. Unyaka owedlule waba inselelo enkulu ekuthuthukisweni kwayo yonke imikhakha yezomnotho kanye nomkhakha wezenhlalo yezifunda, noma kunjalo, imboni yabavakashi kanye nomcimbi yayiphakathi kwabathinteka kakhulu yinkinga ye-pandemic.
Kulokhu, lapho kubalwa isilinganiso, ngokwemiphumela ka-2020, ithonya lezinto ezintsha ezingezinhle zanakwa. Njengengxenye yocwaningo, amaqembu amahlanu wezinkomba abhekwa njengethonya elibaluleke kakhulu ekuthuthukisweni kwezimakethe zezimboni zomcimbi wesifunda:
- ukutholakala kwengqalasizinda ekhethekile kanye nezinto ezibonakalayo nezobuchwepheshe;
- Ukutholakala kohlelo lokukhuthaza isifunda njengendawo yezivakashi ezimakethe ezifuywayo nezangaphandle;
- ukutholakala kwezinqubomgomo zokuthuthukisa zenqubomgomo ezivunyiwe zeCongress kanye neCongress yeCongress kanye nokubukisa;
- isipiliyoni sokuheha nokwenza imicimbi ebalulekile ephezulu;
- Ukuheha izivakashi kanye nokungena kokufika kokuya lapho uya khona.
Ngo-2020, inani lezinkomba zeqembu lesithathu lenze ukuhlolwa kwezindlela zesifunda ukusekela imboni yeCongress ne-Embukiso ngesikhathi sokubhubhane. Izinkomba zeqembu lokuqala nazo zacaciswa, okungukuthi isimo sangemva kwesimo seCongress kanye ne-Embukiso yangaphambili. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi izifunda eziningi zenqaba ukwakha amacebo amasayithi amasha futhi zizikhawulele ekuvuseleleni kabusha okukhona, ukusabalalisa imali ngemali evuselela izindleko zokulwa nobhubhane. Uma ubheka ukuthi ngonyaka ka-2020 izehlakalo zazibanjwa zingaxhunyiwe ku-inthanethi naku-inthanethi, izikolo zokuzibandakanya nokuziphatha zibalwa esifundeni ngasinye.
Ichibi lokuqala lesilinganiso lifaka zonke izifunda zaseRussia kanye namadolobha anezikhungo zawo zokuphatha. Ngokwesiko, iMoscow kanye nesifunda saseMoscow, eSt. I-SooChi njengesidlo sakusihlwa, ekuqaleni esakha imicimbi, ibalwa ngokwahlukana ne-Krasnodar Terrion. Izinkomba zeMoscow kanye nesifunda saseMoscow azifakiwe kwisilinganiso ngenxa yezindawo zonke ezingezelwa phambili embonini yomcimbi.
Kufanele kuqashelwe lapha ukuthi ngo-2020, ukwahlukaniswa kwesifunda sase-United Moscow kusuka kubaholi abasezingeni kwakuncane kuyo yonke iminyaka yocwaningo. I-Spring Lokdaun, imingcele emisebenzini phakathi nonyaka, kanye nokuphoqelelwa, kepha ukwehliswa okubonakalayo kwisabelomali sokukhuthaza lapho kube nomthelela wabo ongemuhle. ISt. Petersburg, ngisho nasenkingeni, yagcina izinga eliphakeme lomsebenzi ekukhuthazeni emakethe yasekhaya nakwamanye amazwe, eduze kwezinkomba zenhlokodolobha.
Abaholi abahlanu bokulinganisa bashintsha kancane: I-St. IRiphabhulikhi yaseBashkortotan ayizange inciphise umsebenzi webhizinisi ngisho nangesikhathi sokukhiya okugcwele. Isibonelo ukuphatha inkundla enkulu ye-inthanethi yamazwe omhlaba "Ukuthula ngemuva kweCoronavirus: Ukubheka okusuka enhliziyweni ye-Eurasia." Ngaphezu kwalokho, iphakethe lezindlela zokusekela imboni yamukelwe esifundeni.
Kubaholi abathathu abaphezulu, igebe elisembalini lamaphoyinti lincane. I-Ekaterinburg, ephakeme kunenani lamaphoyinti wokuthuthukiswa kwengqalasizinda kanye neKazan, kanye neSt IKazan, iqondise umzamo obalulekile wokuheha imicimbi yamazwe omhlaba ebhizinisini, amasiko nezemidlalo yasendle, ingaphansi kwezifunda zabaholi ekuxhumaniseni imboni. Ukuntuleka kwecebo lokuthuthuka kwe-cogress kanye nemisebenzi yombukiso kungenye yezinto eziphambili ezivimba ukukhula okuthe xaxa kuzinga. USoochi, obambe indawo yesine, wakhulisa inani lokugcina lamaphoyinti akhulisa ukwahlukana nabaholi. Ngokuqedwa kwayo, ukubuyekezwa kwecebo lokuthuthuka kanye nokwakhiwa kwenkimbinkimbi yezindlela zokusekelwa komkhakha womcimbi, kanye nemizamo ekhuthele yokuqhakambisa. I-UFA, ithuthukisa njalo isikhundla sayo esimweni phezu kwayo yonke iminyaka eyisikhombisa yokuba khona kwayo, ingaqhubeka nokukhula ngokuheha imicimbi emikhulu, kufaka phakathi izingqungquthela zenhlangano yamazwe aphesheya.
UCaliningrad wasondela eduze kwabaholi, lapho kwavela khona ngo-2020 owakhe umkhiqizo wakhe wokuvakasha uJozaliningrad, owayethuthela ngenkuthalo emibukweni yaseRussia. Amanani okukhula amahle kakhulu akhombise i-yaroslavl, esukuma ezikhundleni eziyi-14 futhi athatha indawo ye-18. Kuthuthukiswe kakhulu isikhundla sabo ekulinganisweni kwe-Primorsky Krai (+8), iKemerovo Region (+6), iKamchatka (+6) kanye neVladimir Region (+5). Ukunyakaza kungenxa yokugcina ukusekelwa kanye nokuthuthukiswa komkhakha weCongress nombukiso ezifundeni, ukubamba iqhaza emicimbini ekhuthaza ukukhushulwa ezimakethe zangaphandle nezifuywayo, kanye nemizamo yokuheha imicimbi emikhulu ngesikhathi esiphakathi nendawo.
Ukuwohloka okubaluleke kakhulu kwinani lokugcina lamaphoyinti ekwakhiweni kwabangu-25 bokuqala kwaqoshwa kusuka ezifundeni ze-Irkutsk (-7) kanye neRostov (-6). Amandla amabi esifunda saseRostov kungenxa yokuntuleka kwezindlela zesifunda zokusekela imboni yeCongress ne-Exhibition. Isifunda sase-Irkutsk ngonyaka owedlule sanciphisa kakhulu ukuba khona kwemicimbi yeRussia neyakwamanye amazwe walesi sivakashi kanye nemicimbi yemboni.
Ukufingqa ucwaningo, kungaphawulwa ukuthi i-2020 ikhiqize cishe ukusetha kabusha okuphelele kwezisekelo zomkhakha womcimbi - kuphoqeleke ukubuyekeza izindlela ezomlando ezisunguliwe zokuhlelela ukusebenzisana, imisebenzi yemicimbi, izisekelo zomthetho kanye nezobuchwepheshe kanye nezobuchwepheshe. Ukuqalisa kabusha izinqubo kuncike ekutheni bonke ababambiqhaza basheshe futhi baguquguquki kalula kanjani embonini bazokwazi ukwakha kabusha izinqubo zebhizinisi zabo ngokuya ngezidingo zangempela zeqiniso, futhi iziphathimandla zizokwakha amamodeli wokuphatha asebenzayo kanye nemigomo. Ezedlule ezingama-2020 zikhombise ukuthi ezifundeni bekukhona amamodeli ahlukahlukene okulwa nokusakazeka kokutheleleka kwe-coronavirus futhi, ngenxa yalokho, izimo ezahlukahlukene zokusebenza komkhakha. Isici esivamile sasicishe saphuza kakhulu ezinhlelweni zezimali ezisebenza ngezimali kanye nokwenqaba kwemisebenzi ehlobene nentuthuko kanye nokuphromotha. Amaphrojekthi amaningi wokwakhiwa kwezimali zezindawo zemboni aqandisiwe futhi adluliselwa esikhathini esingapheli, esiphakamisa izingqinamba zesimanjemanje nokulungiswa okukhulu kwezinto ezikhona. Futhi, ngokweqiniso, isici esibaluleke kakhulu esisesimweni sokuxhaswa kwemboni: Cishe bonke ababambiqhaza ekulinganisweni kokuqala okungamashumi amabili ngonyaka ka-2020 bafaka amabhizinisi weCongress kanye nezimboni zabavakashi ohlwini lwesifunda lwebhizinisi elithintekile. Izifunda eziningi ziphinde zigcinwe ukusekelwa kwezezimali kanye nokuxhaswa kwemikhakha yemikhakha.
Isilinganiso esingu-20 esiphezulu samandla okugcina ezifundeni zaseRussia
Isifunda Idolobha Beka 2020 Dynamics 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015 2014 St. Petersburgnesifunda saseLeningrad
ISt. Petersburg 1 - 1 1 1 - - Sverdlovsk Region Region Eketerinburg 2 - 2 2 2 2 2 2 Republic tatarstan kazan 3 - 3 3 3 3 3 6 8 9 13 Kaliningrad Region Kaliningrad 6: 5 11 8 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 - Krasnodar krasnodar 6 12 11 I-Primasterky Krai Vladivostok 10 +8 12 17 - - - - Murmansk Region Murmansk 14 +3 17 12 13 - 14 URostov Region Rostov-on-don 15 - 29 9 15 11 11 volgograd Region Volgograd 17 +4 20 - 33 - Kemerovo Region Kemerovo 17 + 6 23 27 48 37 - - I-Yaroslavl Region Yaroslavl 18 +5 25 30 - - - - - - -Umthombo: vniz r & c
Ungajwayela umbhalo ogcwele wocwaningo kuwebhusayithi ye-VNIZ R & C: http://rnc-consult.reytication-sobytiynogo-redialarialarialaria