INovostroy.su: Yimiphi imithetho ebalulekile emkhakheni wezindawo ezithengiswayo ezifakwe amandla ngo-2020? Bayithinte kanjani imakethe?
U-Andrei Kirillov, omele unjiniyela "Megalith-Okhta Grupp, LLC", Umqondisi Wokumaketha nokuthengisa kwe-Megalit Corporation: kulo nyaka imithetho efakwe kuyo, lapho isikhathi esincane sesikhathi sokugcina imali siqala ukubala phansi I-DDU, hhayi okwamanje ukubhaliswa kwamalungelo empahla yempahla. Ngasikhathi sinye, ukuze ungakhokheli intela yemali engenayo ethengiswayo, ngonyaka owedlule efulethini bekufanele kube neminyaka emi-5, ngaphansi kwezimo ezintsha, leli gama lincishiswa laba abathathu.
Ukusungulwa kungaba usizo kwabanye abathengi. Isibonelo, uma eminyakeni embalwa ngemuva kokutholwa kwefulethi, abantu bashintshile noma badinga imali. Khansela futhi i-NDFL kusuka ekuthengisweni kwamafulethi ezakhiweni ezintsha kungathakazelisa kubatshalizimali. Esimweni esinjalo, umthengisi angabona kakhulu isikhathi sakhe ngokushesha, ngenkathi enyamalala isidingo sokukhulisa inani lawo ukumboza ukulahlekelwa ngemuva kokubuyiselwa kwentela.
Kuyaqapheleka ukuthi ingxenye yokuthengiselana kwezimali emakethe yezezakhiwo eyinhloko namuhla ithatha cishe ama-20% nangezinyanga eziyisithupha ezedlule umkhuba wokuthenga okunjalo ukhuphuke cishe ngo-10%.
Futhi njengesilinganiso sokusekelwa kwemakethe yokwakha kulo nyaka, kwamukelwa, kusebenza kuze kube nguJanuwari 2021, lapho kwenzeka khona ukuthi ungasebenzisi inhlawulo, inhlawulo, izinhlawulo nezinye izindlela zokubolekwa komthetho we-DDU.
UNikolai Patzkov, Umqondisi Omnene Womqambi Wamadokhumenti Freshdoc.ru: kusukela ngoJanuwari 1, 2020, ushintsho emthethweni we-Federal "ekubhalisweni kobhaliso lukahulumeni" kwaqala ukusebenza. Imithetho emisha yokunxeshezelwa kwesitholi esinonembeza (umuntu wenyama) ngokulahleka kwezakhiwo zokuhlala kuzoqhutshwa. Uma inkantolo ithatha isinqumo sokususa into yezindawo ezithengiswayo, isitholi esinonembeza kufanele ikhokhe ngenani lomonakalo wangempela noma inani le-cadastral.
Isinxephezelo sokuthola ngenxa kanembeza yefulethi lithembela kuhulumeni kuleli cala lapho inkantolo ithola imali kumthengisi ongekho emthethweni, kepha ama-bailiffs awakwazanga ukuphoqa imali okweletayo izinyanga eziyisithupha. Lapho-ke isimo sinxephezela umthengi wokulahleka ngezindleko zawo - kusukela kumgcinimafa weRussia Federation.
Ngo-214-ф зal, izinguquko zenziwa zithinta ukwakhiwa kwezindawo zokwakha ezabiwe futhi zinikela ekuthuthukisweni kokuvikelwa kwabahlanganyeli babo imali ebandakanyeka kunjiniyela. Isibambiso sesakhiwo sezwe noma ilungelo lokuqashwa kwakhe manje selizoma osukwini lokubalwa kwe-State Cadastral eyakhiwe yi-MCD. Phambilini, siyakhumbula, uMthetho ucele ukudluliswa kwazo zonke izinto zabahlanganyeli bezilonge.
Inqubo ejwayelekile yokuthola isisekelo se-NDFL sentela sababantu abathola indawo ethengiswayo ngaphansi kwesivumelwano sabadonswayo. Ukusuka emholweni ngendlela yemvelo ngaphansi kwesivumelwano sokuphathwa kwezezakhiwo kudingekile ukukhokha i-NDFL. Amanani entela - 13% noma ama-30% ngokuya ngesimo sentela. Amalungu omndeni owodwa asakhululwa entela enjalo: izingane, abazali, abashadikazi, abafowethu, odadewethu, ogogo nomkhulu.
I-Konstantin Zuev, ummeli osebenzayo weqembu elithi "Doublenua Ligal", uchwepheshe ohambisana nokuthengiselana kwezakhiwo, umthetho wezomhlaba kanye namalungelo okuhlela amadolobha: Fz N98 maqondana nesixwayiso kanye nokuqedwa kwezimo eziphuthumayo mhlawumbe kungenye yemithetho ebaluleke kakhulu yalo nyaka , i-athikili engu-19 yayo isuse izizathu zokususa kabusha le irenti, ukudonswa kwayo kanye nokuhleleka kokukhokha kwayo.
Ngokusekelwe kumazinga amasha, abaqashi, ikakhulukazi labo abahlupheka kakhulu ngesikhathi sobhubhane, babezama ngazo zonke izindlela zokunciphisa inani lokukhokhwa kokuqasha futhi balibambezele. Ngasikhathi sinye, amaqembu ayevame ukwehluleka ukuvumelana ngezimo ezintsha, okwaholela ekuphikiseni izingxabano zokwahlulela ngomphumela ongalindelekile.
Ukuhlolwa kwe-State Cadastral manje kufanele kwenziwe ngenye imvamisa. Ngendlela entsha, baqala ukubala izinsuku zokubethelwa imali ebanqabile ukusetshenziswa kwenani le-cadastral. Sethule imithetho kwinqubo yokuphoqelelwa kuqala yecala lokuthola inani eliyinselelo le-cadastral. Lungisa imithetho yokulungisa amaphutha enziwe encazelweni yayo. Lezi zinguquko zizothinta ngabo bonke abanikazi bezindlu, ngoba inani lentela lobunikazi bempahla lincike kwinani layo le-cadastral.
Kuvunyelwe ukuthola imvume yokungena entweni ekusebenzeni, ukuwubeka kumarekhodi we-cadastral kanye nokubhaliswa kwamalungelo empahla, uma indawo yento ngokuhluka kwezobuchwepheshe ezikhishwe ngokusho kwe-5% ku uhlangothi olukhulu noma oluncane.
Lapho usetha indlu kumarekhodi e-cadastral, idiphozithi yesakhiwo sezwe evumela abaninimasheya, lapho indlu imiswa khona. Ngasikhathi sinye, iRosreestr kumele isebenzise ngokuzimela umphumela wokubhalisa obekiwe ngaphandle kwezitatimende ezengeziwe.
Olunye ushintsho olubalulekile ukuvela kwamathuba okuthuthukisa imalimboleko kwelitshe ezixhasweni ze-akhawunti ye-accoment.
I-vovosroy.su: Yini eyayingenayo eyanele engama-2020 ukusuka ohlangothini lwabenzi bezomthetho, futhi lapho okuphambene nalokho, ubukela khona imizamo?
Chofoza: Umthetho Oyisisekelo "kwimpahla ebanjiswayo (isibambiso sezindawo ezithengiswayo)" wethulwa ku-State Duma ngoFebhuwari 25 wonyaka wamanje, kodwa kuze kube manje hhayi kwamukelwa. Ukusungulwa kuzosungulwa yi-oda lokuqwashiswa okuzimele ngumuntu wempahla eshiwo. Ngicabanga ukuthi kusukela ekuqapheleni uma bengazange benqabe, bese benqaba esikhathini esizayo, njengoba kunjalo.
Kwakungenaso isishayamthetho esanele nokuqiniseka ngokwemigomo yefulethi. Esikhundleni salokho, njengoba sekuphawulwe ngenhla, kuhlongozwa ukuthi kunqabele ukwakhiwa kwazo, futhi lesi sinqumo asikacaci ngokuphelele. Impela, kushukunyiswa yiqiniso lokuthi abathuthukisi bakopela ngokungafanele kulezi zingqinamba zabathengi abalula futhi bazithengise amafulethi ngaphansi kokwenziwa kwezindlu ezejwayelekile.
Kodwa-ke, akucaci ukuthi kungani, kulokhu, kuyadingeka ukususa yonke ingxenye yemakethe yokwakha. Isibonelo, ukuxazulula le nkinga kungenzeka ukuthi kusungulwe eminye imithetho kanye nenqubo yokudalula imininingwane mayelana namafulethi kanye nokwehluka kwabo kusuka kwizindawo zangempela zokuhlala noma ukwandisa isibopho sokwethulwa kwabathengi.
INovostroy.Su: Ngabe ubhubhane lwayithinta imithetho ethengiswayo? Uye wenqabile yini izikweletu kulo nyaka wamanje? Uma kunjalo, kwakungeyona ikhambi eliyiphutha?
I-K.Z: Ikhodi yezindlu ehlongozwayo ukwenza izinguquko ukusungula isibopho somnikazi wezakhiwo esakhiweni efulethini sokwephulwa kwamalungelo omakhelwane, kubandakanya nemithetho yokuthula. Lo Mthethosivivinywa wenza cishe izinyanga eziyisithupha ezedlule ekufundeni kokuqala, kepha akazange akubheke.
Isishayamthetho besingakawushiyi lo mbono, kepha umthethosivivinywa "walengiswa" isikhathi eside. Mhlawumbe enye yezincazelo ukungafuni ukungena kwabanikazi bezakhiwo zezentengiso ezitezi zokuqala zezakhiwo ezakhiwe ngezezimali ezengeziwe inhlawulo eyengeziwe, njengebhizinisi elinezakhiwo eziningi futhi zahlupheka kakhulu.
Izishayamthetho ezihlukile ezandiswa umphumela wamanye amadokhumenti emkhakheni wokwakha: Izimvume zokwakha, uhlelo lokuhlela amadolobha, iphrojekthi yokuhlela amaphrojekthi. Ngicabanga ukuthi lesi sinqumo kungenxa yokuthi ngesikhathi sokwethulwa kwemingcele maqondana nobhubhane, izingosi eziningi zokwakha zimisiwe ngokusemthethweni.
INovostroy.Su: Ingabe umbono wokuthi imithetho yemakethe "yabhalwa edolweni"? Noma ngikwazi ukuhlola imizamo yezomthetho njengoba iqinisekisiwe ngokufanele?
I-K.Z: Akunakwenzeka ukuthi singasho ukuthi yonke imithetho ibhaliwe "edolweni." Kodwa-ke, ngeshwa, kunesizathu sokusho ukuthi muva nje ikhwalithi yamasu angokomthetho aphansi impela. Ngikholwa ukuthi lesi simo sichazwa ikakhulukazi iqiniso lokuthi umthetho uvame ukupelwa "okulindile" ngenxa yokwamukelwa kwesinqumo sezepolitiki, okudingayo ukuze uvikeleke ngokushesha okukhulu. Ngokuvumelana nalokhu, ijubane lapho kubhalwa khona imithetho ezweni lethu, kanye nenombolo yazo iya kulimale ikhwalithi.
Ngakho-ke, kulo nyaka eRussia, kwamukelwa imithetho engama-433, okuyinto, ngenhlanhla, ayi-100 ngaphansi konyaka ngaphambili. Kodwa-ke, ngonyaka we-2016 kuphela kwabangu-141 kwabamukelwa.
Lesi simo singachazwa, ngokwesibonelo, ukuthi, ngenxa yekhwalithi ephansi yomthetho wokuqala, iPhalamende kufanele lithathe eminye imithetho eyengeziwe ekwenzeni izinguquko kulo ukuze kulungiswe amaphutha atholakala ekusetshenzisweni kwamaphutha atholakala ekusetshenzisweni kwe umthetho wokuzijwayeza.
Umthetho kuphela uN 21 214-Fz "ngokubamba iqhaza ekwakheni ukwakhiwa" kule minyaka emithathu edlule useshintshe amahlandla ayisihlanu. Ngasikhathi sinye, izinguquko ngonyaka we-2019 zingashiwo ukuthi zinamasu, kodwa azola ngokuphelele.
Kodwa-ke, ngokwesibonelo, emkhakheni wokuhlelwa kwamadolobha, umkhuba wesishayamthetho ekunciphiseni kancane kancane kwezidingo zemithetho kanye nokwenziwa lula kwezinqubo ezikhona zedolobhana ezikhona kuyabonakala.
INovostroy.Su: Imiphi imithetho emisha esebenza ngo-2021? Yiziphi izinkinga ngosizo lwazo ezizama ukuxazulula amandla?
U-Arthur Merkusher, umqondisi woMnyango Wokuhlaziya uMDominfo.ru: Kusukela ngo-2021 kuzokwazi ukuphetha ukuthengiselana kwezezakhiwo ukude. Ubhubhane wenza ushintsho kuzo zonke izinhlaka zempilo. Hhayi ukusebenza kanye nezifundo kuphela, kodwa futhi nokuthengiselana kwasuswa. Yenza njalo. Abahlanganyeli bokwentengiselwano baphendukela kummeli ofanelekile, okungenani oyedwa oyaleli, kufanele basebenze esifundeni lapho impahla itholakala khona. Izimo aziguquguquki, kukhona isiginesha elula ye-elekthronikhi ngesimo se-elekthronikhi yenkontileka ohlelweni lwemininingwane oluhlangene lommeli we-notary (EIS). Ngokulandelayo, ama-notaries ezinhlangothini zombili adonsela isitifiketi esibhalwe kwinkontileka bese ubeka isiginesha yazo ye-elekthronikhi efanelekile kwi-Ataries ye-EIS.
NgoJanuwari 1 wonyaka olandelayo, isinqumo sikaHulumeni "ekuvunyelweni kwemithetho yombuso woMlilo eRussia Federation" singenelwe amandla, kubhekiselwa kwimikhawulo yabahlali bezakhamizi zasefulethini. Ngokusho komthetho omusha, manje gcina izinto eziseziteshini ezise-attic futhi akunakwenzeka. Akuvunyelwe futhi ukusebenzisa amadivaysi egesi angazange adlule ukulungiswa. Kuvela eqinisweni noma ngabe kukhona noma iyiphi i-slab engenakusetshenziswa uma umnikazi engayihloli ngezindleko zakhe. Ngabe kuzoba khona amasheke amaningi kulokhu, kusenzima ukubikezela.
Kuma-balconies kanye nama-loggias, akunakwenzeka ukushiya imithombo yangaphandle, ngokwesibonelo, amakhandlela noma anwebiwa ngogwayi. Futhi, kuyadingeka futhi ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ama-lattices asemafasiteleni angaphansi, okuphuma eziphuthumayo kanye nezitezi zokuqala zivulwa kalula.
Ukwephula ukuphepha komlilo kubhekene nenhlawulo. Kwezakhamizi, usayizi wazo: kusuka kuma-ruble ayizinkulungwane ezi-2 kuya kwayi-3 - uma kungeze kwaba nama-4 kuye kwayi-5 izinkulungwane - ukube bekunomlilo futhi kunesimo sempilo enobunzima obukhulu.
Ukuvinjelwa okuhlukile kokupaka izimoto kwethulwa eduze kwendlu uma indawo yemishini yomlilo ku-facade ivaliwe ku-facade yobuchwepheshe bomlilo noma ngesembozo se-hydrate kahle.
Chofoza: Kucatshangwa ukuthi izifunda zizokwazi ukuthuthukisa izinhlelo ezihlosiwe zokudilizwa nokwakhiwa kabusha kwezakhiwo zamafulethi. Ukuthi indlu izofakwa yini kulo msebenzi, abanikazi bezakhiwo banquma. Kubukeka sengathi lo mthetho umzamo wesishayamthetho ukuxazulula isimo esiwohlokayo ngezinsizakalo zezindlu kanye nezinsizakalo ezifundeni zaseRussia, usebenzisa isipiliyoni sokuvuselelwa kabusha kweMoscow.
Osomabhizinisi bazokwamukela ilungelo lokungahambisani nezidingo ezivimbela ukwethulwa kobuchwepheshe bedijithali. Imodi efanele isho ukusetshenziswa kwesikhashana komthetho okhethekile esikhundleni sokujwayelekile esimweni, umthetho ophelele wenza kube nzima ukwethula izinto ezintsha zedijithali kanye / noma zenze kubengenzeki. Amathuba okusungula umbuso wezomthetho wokuhlola athathwa njengamazinga weFederal and Regional, ikakhulukazi, ekwakhiweni kwezakhiwo, izinhlaka, izinhlaka.
Inqubo yokuhlukaniswa kwezinguquko zamahhotela: Izidingo ezihlukile nezinqubo zokuhlola. Ukuxazulula izingxabano kubangani bamalungelo bamahhotela kuzoba kwikhomishini ekudluliselwe ekukhuleni. Ukuhambisa uhlu olulodwa lwamahhotela, imithambeka ye-ski, amabhishi manje azobe evuka, hhayi inkonzo yentuthuko yezomnotho.
I-vovosroy.su: Iziphi izindaba ezikhona futhi azinakanga izishayamthetho? Kungani lokhu kwenzeka?
I-K.Z: Kuze kube manje, isishayamthetho awenzi uhlelo olubizwa ngokuthi "umthetho ongomakhelwane". Icala elibonisa kakhulu futhi elaziwayo yilokho okubizwa ngokuthi, "Icala le-Apiary", elixoxe ngenkuthalo yabameli bochwepheshe abadumile.
Namuhla, isishayamthetho sacishe sahlazeka kulolu daba futhi sanika khona ukuba khona kohlelo lokwahlulela. Ngenxa yalokhu, sithola umthetho owujwayelekile ongenele, okwakungenzeki njalo ukubikezela imiphumela engaba khona yengxabano. Ifaka izindleko zesikhashana nezimali zamaqembu, ngoba akunakwenzeka ukuthi noma ngubani aye enkantolo, azi umphumela kusenesikhathi. Ngaleso sikhathi, le nkinga iphathelene nakho konke. Wonke umuntu unamakhelwane abangaphula amalungelo akho ngomunye noma komunye.
