Amanani akhuphukayo emikhiqizo adonsela ukunaka kukaMongameli Vladimir Putin emuva ekuqaleni kukaDisemba 2020. Ngaleso sikhathi, lapho kwenzeka khona, inhloko yombuso ebizwa ngokuthi yi-Rice of Prons of Products Ezama Abakhiqizi ukuguqula amanani asemhlabeni wonke ukuze bathole inzuzo ephezulu kakhulu. Ngokusho kukaPutin, intengo yakhe ekhuphukayo yanda ngemikhiqizo, ayihlobene nezimo zenhloso, njengokuthakazelisa kwe-ruble. Njengezibonelo, uMongameli waletha isinkwa, i-pasta, ushukela kanye no-sunflower uwoyela, naphezu kokusanhlamvu, kanye nama-sunflower akhule eRussia. "Abantu bazikhawulela, ngoba abanayo imali yemikhiqizo eyisisekelo. Ubukeka kuphi? Lo ngumbuzo! Lokhu akulona ihlaya! " - Inhloko yombuso ibithukuthele.
Ngemuva kokugxekwa okubukhali kukaPutin, iKhabhinethi yoNgqongqoshe iphethe inkontileka namanethiwekhi okuhweba kanye nabaphakeli balawule izindleko zale mikhiqizo. NgoDisemba, eRussia, ngesinqumo sikahulumeni, amanani aphezulu woshukela asungulwa (ama-ruble angama-46 ngekhilogremu nge-tallower (uwoyela we-sunflower (ama-ruble ayi-110 ngelitha ngalinye e-retail). Izinyathelo zizosebenza okungenani kuze kube sekupheleni kwekota yokuqala ka-2021. Ngemuva kwamanani entengo efrijini yiziphathimandla, ikakhulukazi amanethiwekhi okuhweba, ikakhulukazi, i-X5 Retail Group (ilawula i- "Pyaterochel" shop, "Crossrousel" kanye "ne-carousel" kanye ne- "carousel" kanye ne- "carousel"), kufaka phakathi isinkwa, i-pasta , i-Stew, itiye nobisi. Inkampani ithi kuzothatha imali yokuhweba kuyo.
Ngaphezu kokusungulwa kwamanani asemuva, uhulumeni usungule imikhawulo eminingi yamasiko ekuthekelweni kwamanye amazwe okusanhlamvu neminye imikhiqizo engaphezu kwento esetshenzisiwe. Isixazululo esinjalo sichazwa yisifiso sokuvimbela ukuthunyelwa kokubeletha ezimakethe zakwamanye amazwe kulimaze izidingo zangaphakathi. UNgqongqoshe Wezolimo Wezimali ZaseRussia Dmitry Patrushev ngokuqondile wathi lokhu kwenziwa ukuvimbela "ukugxuma ngamanani wabathengi ngemikhiqizo yokugcina yefulawa, okusanhlamvu, ukubhaka kanye nenyama nezimboni zobisi".
Ukulawulwa kombuso kwamanani entengo yemikhiqizo ebalulekile emphakathini ibangela ukukhathazeka okukhulu phakathi kwabahlanganyeli emkhakheni wezolimo. Umongameli we-Phrovention of the Russian Right Union Union Union Union Alexander Corbut ebizwa ngokuthi isinqumo sokulawula amanani 'isilinganiso esinamandla ", akwenze lutho ukulwela umzabalazo wemali yezwe. Futhi okuhlangenwe nakho kwethu, nangomhlaba jikelele kufakazela ngokuqiniseka ukuthi noma yimiphi imizamo yokuhlehlisa izintengo kuholele emthethweni owodwa onenhlonipho - izimpahla ziyanyamalala emakethe futhi zishonile. Ukwanda kwentengo okungalawulwa ngokungenakugwenywa kuholela ekukhiqizeni ukwehlukana kanye nokungafinyeleleki kwezimpahla ekuhlolweni kwayo.
Ngaleso sikhathi, okuhlangenwe nakho kokuxazulula inkinga yokuqinisekisa ukutholakala kokudla kwamaqembu aholayo aphansi omhlaba futhi kwaziwa ngalabo abanamakhono emhlabeni. Lawa amakhadi okudla athola izakhamizi ezihola kancane. Masinyane ngiyaphawula ukuthi lolu hlelo alunalutho oluphathelene nohlelo lwamakhuphoni okudla ajwayelekile ezweni lethu.
Izwe lethu liye laqala kaningi uhlelo lwamakhadi okudla okuthe xaxa ukulamba okuphezulu nokushoda kokudla ezweni. Kwakuwuhlelo lokusatshalaliswa kwenani elilinganiselwe lemikhiqizo phakathi kwezakhamizi. Inqume inani lokusetshenziswa kwezimpahla ezithile umuntu ngamunye ekushodeni okubukhali.
Abantu besizukulwane esidala bayazi isikhathi sokuhambisa imikhiqizo emibandela yokushoda kwabo emhlabeni jikelele. Masikhumbule lezi zikhathi. Okokuqala ngqa kwavela ngo-1916, phakathi nempi yezwe yokuqala. Uhlelo lwabe selusungulwa ngemuva kwenguquko kaFebhuwari futhi yakhona kuze kube ngu-1921 - ukuguqukela kwinqubomgomo entsha yezomnotho (NEP). Uhlelo lwamakhadi lwabuyiselwa ngo-1929 futhi lwasebenza kuze kube ngu-1935, le yiminyaka yokuqoqa ngobuningi ngendlala eningi ye-USSR. Uhlelo lwamakhadi lwabuya futhi ngo-1941 phakathi neMpi enkulu yokuthanda izwe futhi yakhanselwa ngo-1947.
Okokugcina uhlelo lokusabalalisa lwangeniswa e-USSR ngawo-1980s - khona-ke amakhuphoni avela. Le yiminyaka yokushoda okunobukhali. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, amakhuphoni aqala ukukhishwa ngokudla okuyinhloko - isinkwa, usawoti, ushukela kanye netiye. Kungukushoda okujwayelekile okuphethwe ukunganeliseki emphakathini, okwenza kube nokwenzeka ukuba kubhubhise izwe. Uhlelo lwamakhadi luqale ukuhamba ekuqaleni kwama-90s namakhuphoni okugcina anyamalale ekuphendukeni ngo-1993.
Omunye uzobonakala emangalisayo, kepha uhlelo lokudla lwamakhadi selufanelekile cishe iminyaka eyikhulu ezweni elicebile emhlabeni wonke - e-USA. Okokuqala ngqa kwavela ngo-1939 njengokuphendula ekucindezelekeni okukhulu. Futhi ngokuphazamiseka futhi ezinye izinguquko zikhona kuze kube manje.
Uhlelo lokuthenga okukhethekile kwemikhiqizo (i-SNAP - Uhlelo Lokuthola Ukudla Okunempilo) lugama elisha lohlelo lokudlula komkhiqizo e-United States. Kufanele kuqashelwe umehluko obalulekile nowokufaneleka phakathi kohlelo lwaseMelika - Uhlelo losizo lokudla lwaseMelika alukaze luhloselwe ukusiza elambile. Eqinisweni, kusukela lapho uhlelo lwamakhadi luvela e-United States lwenzelwe ukusekela abakhiqizi bemikhiqizo yezolimo, okungukuthi, abalimi. Inhloko yokuqala yoHlelo lweMilo Perkins ngqo yasho ngqo ukuthi izwe lihlanganyela kwalasha, ngakolunye uhlangothi lwabalimi abanemikhiqizo eyeqile komunye - abaqondisayo abahlanzekile basemadolobheni. Kuyadingeka ukwakha ibhuloho ngale kwalasha.
Kusukela ngo-Okthoba 2016, i-FoodStuff yathola abantu abangama-43,125,557 ukusuka emizini engama-21,328,525. Inani eliphakathi leNzuzo Yomuntu Labantu lalingu- $ 126.13, umndeni - $ 256.93. Hhayi izakhamizi zase-US kuphela, kodwa futhi nezifuduki zomthetho ezazihlala endaweni yezwe iminyaka engaphezu kwemi-5 noma zinezingane ezindala, zingabalwa izinzuzo.
Ukuxhaswa ngezimali kwalolu hlelo kwavela ukuthi kungenye yezindlela eziphumelela kakhulu zesabelomali sombuso ukukhulisa umnotho. Idola ngalinye, elichithwa kwisabelomali kwi-AIDS yomkhiqizo, ekugcineni kwandise i-GNP yezwe nge-1.7-1.8 amadola. Inani labamukeli bezinzuzo lishintsha njalo: likhuphuka ngesikhathi senhlekelele futhi linciphe phakathi neminyaka yokukhula. Ngo-2013, kwasungulwa umlando. Ngemuva kwalokho amakhuphoni amadola ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-761 athole abantu baseMelika abayizigidi ezingama-47.6.
Njengamanje, amakhadi wedebithi kagesi (amakhadi e-EBT) asetshenziswa esikhundleni samakhuphoni. Amalungu ohlelo losizo lokudla anelungelo lokuthenga noma yimiphi imikhiqizo ezitolo ezikhonza amamephu anjalo. Ucwaningo lukhombisa ukuthi abaseMelika ababambe iqhaza kulolu hlelo bakhetha ukudla okushibhile nokungabingeli. Ukuze athuthukise ikhwalithi yokudla okunempilo, iziphathimandla zaqala ukuthandwa ukudla okunempilo, ukuthenga imifino nezithelo.
Uhlelo lwe-SNAP eminyakeni eminingana edlule lwaheha ukunakwa kweziphathimandla zaseRussia - okokuqala ngqa ukwethula uhlelo lwamathikithi okudla eRussia ngonyaka ka-2014 luhlongoza uMnyango Wezimboni. Uhulumeni wabheka ukuthi isiphakamiso esinjalo sibangela ukuzihlanganisa nezingatho ezingezinhle nokushoda kweSoviet futhi sizobuyela emuva e-USSR. Kuxoxwa ngalolu hlelo, kwaze kwaveza khona izinsuku zokugcina kusukela ekuqaleni kokuqalisa ukusebenza, kepha ngokuphepha "ngokuphepha" Ngokunokwenzeka, bebengakwazi ukwaba imali edingekayo.
Ngo-Ephreli 2020, izinhloko zeNational Meat Association, inhlangano yaseRussia yabakwaBakers kanye nabakhiqizi beNational Union of Milk kanye nenhlangano yabathengisi abathengisiwe yeRussia bathumela isiphakamiso kuhulumeni waseRussia Federation ukubuyela ku Iphrojekthi yoMnyango Wezimboni ekuqalisweni kwamakhadi okudla. Ngokusho kokulinganisa kwababhali besikhalazo, amakhadi alingana nama-ruble ayizinkulungwane eziyishumi ngenyanga azokwazi ukuthola abaseRussia abayizigidi eziyi-10, kuzodingeka ukuxhasa iphrojekthi ngokuphela konyaka. NgoJanuwari 2021, egumbini lomphakathi laseRussia Federation etafuleni eliyindilinga "Ukuqinisekisa ukutholakala kokudla kwezakhamizi ezimpofu" futhi kwaphakamisa impikiswano yokwethula izitifiketi zokudla. Umqondo wokwethula amakhadi epulasitiki aqala ukuthola ukwesekwa emphakathini.
Kudingeka kuphela ukuzwisisa ngokusobala ukuthi lokhu ukusekelwa kwamaqembu aholayo aphansi wabantu. Inhloso yalolu hlelo ukuhlinzeka ngemikhiqizo ngaphandle kokukhawulela izindleko zabo, ngaphandle kwengcindezi yokuphatha emakethe nakwabakhiqizi. Udaba lokusekela abakhiqizi bomkhiqizo akuwona umsebenzi ophambili, ngoba akukho ukusweleka noma ukukhiqizwa kwemikhiqizo. Yize uhlelo luthatha amathuba okuthola imikhiqizo yabakhiqizi basekhaya kuphela. Izimali ezingenayo ngeke zikwazi ukuqondisa eminye imikhiqizo ye-assortment engeyona eyokudla. Amathuba okuthola utshwala nogwayi kuvinjelwe. Ngokusho kochwepheshe, uhlelo olunjalo lunamathuba amahle okuthuthukisa izinga kanye nekhwalithi yempilo yabantu. Usizo lokudla akulona ukuhanjiswa, kepha ukusekelwa komuntu esimweni esinzima sokuphila.
Futhi ngenkathi kunezimpikiswano emahhovisi aphezulu, kakade ngoNovemba 2020, amaphrojekthi wokushayela ngokusetshenziswa kwezitifiketi zomkhiqizo athole. NgoNovemba ezifundeni zeRostov naseVladimir, naseSt. Futhi noma ngabe ama-ruble ayinkulungwane kuphela ngenyanga edluliselwa kumakhadi, kepha lokhu kuyasiza.
Ngokombono wami, ukusetshenziswa koHlelo lweKhadi Lokudla Lwamakhadi kuzonikeza ukufinyeleleka kwalawo maphrojekthi wokudla obalulekile emphakathini. Futhi-ke ngeke kube nombuzo wokuthi "ungakuvimba kanjani ukukhuphuka kwamanani entengo yemikhiqizo." Amanani akhuphukayo - umphumela ongenakugwemeka wezinqubo zezomnotho ezinengqondo futhi ulawulwa nezindlela zezomnotho. Uhulumeni usazofanele afunde izindlela zezomnotho zomthethonqubo wemakethe. Kepha abampofu badinga ukusekelwa nokudla.