O, hhayi okujwayelekile leli cala - ukulwela ukuthula emhlabeni wonke. Ojenene bathola amazinga abo nezihloko zabo zempumelelo emkhakheni wamasosha. Noma kunjalo, okujwayelekile kwe-US General General General George Marshall (1880-1959) Kwaba unyaka omusha kaNobel umklomelo wezwe wango-1953 emhlabeni wezwe, okuwukuphela kwezempi ochwepheshe, wanikeza umklomelo onjalo.
Kepha izinto zokuqala kuqala. UGeorge Marshall wayengafuni ukusiza uyise ebhizinisini lomndeni elichumayo - ukuhweba kwamalahle - wangena e-Virgin Military Institute. Emva kwalokho, ukuqeqeshwa esikoleni sezinsana kanye ne-cavalry esikoleni nasekolishi lamasosha.
Ukubamba iqhaza emkhankasweni wePhilippine nasempini yezwe yokuqala, iminyaka emithathu yokusebenza njengesijobelelo Jikelele we-Persing, iminyaka embalwa yenkonzo enzima eChina, futhi eneminyaka engama-45, iya emsebenzini wokufundisa, bakholelwa kufanele ukuthi ingxenye esebenzayo yomsebenzi wakhe yaqedwa. Iminyaka engu-12 yokusebenza eMbusweni Yezingane Ezihlangene Esikoleni eFort Hamberning (Georgia) yaqinisa idumela lakhe njengochwepheshe ohlonishwayo, kanye nomuntu wentando eqinile nokuzithiba.
Shono nje bathi okokuqala usebenzela idumela, khona-ke idumela liqala ukukusebenzela. Ngo-1936, ama-marshall anika isihloko se-brigade General futhi athumele eWashington. Lapha uhola uMnyango Wezempi Wezempi.
Ngosuku lwempi yezwe yesibili, ngo-Septhemba 1, ngo-1939, iMarshall eJenene iba yinhloko yabasebenzi abajwayelekile, futhi maduze nje uMongameli uF. D. Rooseveltel amenza umeluleki wakhe ngecebo nangamaqhinga. IMarshall ihambisana noMongameli kuwo wonke uhambo, ibamba iqhaza emsebenzini wazo zonke izingqungquthela zamazwe aphesheya, kufaka phakathi iTehran ne-Yalta.
IMarshall Army General inezinhlobonhlobo zemisebenzi: Uxhumanisa ukunikezwa kwezikhali nokudla eRussia empini, kanye neBrithani, kuholele ezenzweni zamasosha eNyakatho Afrika naseSicily, amasu okufika kwamabutho enwetshiwe eNormandy. I-Overlord "i-Overlord" (1944) ingumsebenzi omkhulu wezokufika emlandweni, abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezintathu babamba iqhaza kuyo, waphawula ukuvulwa kwesibili ngaphambili eYurophu.
Ngo-1947, uMarshall uthola isimemo esivela kuMongameli wase-US 33 weDolobha laseTruman ukuthatha okuthunyelwe nguNobhala Wezwe, okuhambelana neposi likaNgqongqoshe Wezangaphandle. UTruman unethemba lokuthi isipiliyoni esikhulu seqhawe lezimpi ezimbili zomhlaba kanye nedumela laso elihle lizoba negalelo ekubuyiselweni kobudlelwano namazwe aphesheya.
IMarshall inquma ukwamukela lesi siphakamiso, ngethemba lokuthi, ukuba sesimweni esiphakeme kangako, kuzokwazi ukuguqula i-mindset yabakwethuli. Iqiniso ngukuthi ukuphikelela kwangemva kwale post emphakathini kukhathazekile kakhulu futhi isifiso sokuhlukanisa kusuka ekuhluphekeni kusuka ekuchithweni kweYurophu. Kuyamkhumbuza ngempela ngesimo seminyaka engama-20 edlule, lapho ubuNazi bekwazile ukuza emandleni.
Isimo eYurophu esingenalutho sisongela ngokweqiniso: Abayizigidi ezingama-55 bashonile kwathi abantu ababalelwa ezigidini eziyikhulu abakhubazekile, ukuntuleka kweminotho, ukungasebenzi, ukuphelelwa yithemba, ngokwezindawo zokuhlala ezinamadolobhana, kungaba kuhlukaniswe kuphela ngo-1978.
Ungayixhasa kanjani iYurophu? Imibono eminingi ikhulume ngalolu daba, kepha kuphela umamarshall wakwazi ukuqoqa iqembu lezomnotho elinekhono futhi athuthukise uhlelo olunemininingwane yosizo lwezomnotho ngesikhathi serekhodi (Uhlelo Lokuvuselelwa KwaseYurophu). Manje into ebaluleke kakhulu ukukhombisa abantu baseYurophu, futhi ngaphezu kwawo wonke amaMelika, ngesidingo sokuhlanganisa lolu hlelo lokuphila.
Ukumenyezelwa kohlelo lweMarshall kwakulungiselela ukusebenza kwezempi kwangempela. Ukuvimbela ukuvuza kwemininingwane, wonke umsebenzi wenziwa esimweni sokuthola izimfihlo eziqinile, lokhu bekungawazi uMnyango Wezwe, noma noMongameli uqobo. IMarshall nethimba lakhe, vele, laqonda ngokuphelele ukuthi izenzo "ze-Partisan" zingazibizela yonke imisebenzi yazo. Kepha, ngokusho kwamaJapane, i-BHENTH enesibindi ayinawo amasosha angamagwala.
Meyi 5, 1947, Harvard. Kulolu suku, uMarshall wanikezwa iziqu zobudokotela zobudokotela. Kodwa-ke, esikhundleni senkulumo yokubonga, zonke izinkulumo zakhe zemizuzu engu-10 zazinikelwa ekwethulweni komnyombo wohlelo lokubuyiselwa kwempi yangemva kwempi. I-Europe icubungule usizo lwezezimali, futhi ohulumeni bamazwe amukelayo bekufanele bahlele usayizi nezindlela zalo zokubuyisa futhi benze kahle umnotho wabo.
Inkulumo yeMarshall yenza umphumela omkhulu, ubusuku bonke, yaba yinkanyezi yezepolitiki emikhakheni yazo zombili lezi zifebe. UMengameli Truman umemezele ukuthi uhlelo lwesibili lwengxenye yesibili ye-nati 'yemfundiso yakhe yokuphoqelelwa kobuKhomanisi ", futhi yena wonke umphefumulo" we ". ICongress yesaba ukuthi ukuphuma kwenhlokodolobha enkulu kuzolimaza umnotho wase-US.
Kodwa-ke, uhlelo lweMarshall lwalungekude nomusa. Ama-17 billion ama-dollar aqokonyiswe iYurophu mahhala, kepha asetshenziswe ikakhulu e-United States ngokuthengwa kwemishini nemisebenzi ehlukahlukene. Ngakho-ke, kwadalwa imisebenzi emisha, umnotho wezwakala.
Engqungqutheleni eParis (ngoJulayi 1947), lapho amavolumu angokwenkolo wosizo lwamazwe ngamunye angamalungu ayi-16 ekomidi esebenzisa amaKomiti e-European COUTHOET, "Lolu uhlelo olungagculisi ngokuphelele lwe-American Impoholism," kusho u-v. Molotov. Njengokulindelekile, ngoba ukuphela kwesimo sokuthola usizo ekubuyiselweni komnotho ukususwa kwamaKhomanisi kuhulumeni.
I- "Marshall Plan" ibhekwa njengephrojekthi ephumelela kakhulu yosizo lwezomnotho. Ngenxa yalokhu umbuthano wokutakula, imboni yaseYurophu ibuyiselwe ngokuphelele futhi kakade ngo-1951 kudlule ama-40% amazinga wangempela wempi. Ngasikhathi sinye isisekelo se-European Union esizayo sabekwa.
Umklomelo weNobel wezwe unikezwa kusukela ngo-1901, iminyaka engu-16 akwabelwe ukuswela abafakizicelo abafanele. Futhi kanye kuphela bekunganikezwa izenzo zangempela, hhayi umzabalazo othize womsebenzi womhlaba, kodwa ngezinhloso nezithembiso. I-Nobel Laureate ka-2009 yaba nguMnu. Barack Obama.
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