AmaPheresiya angomunye wabantu abahle kakhulu nabadumile. Endabeni ekude bakwazile ukudala umbuso onamandla, odlula ezinye izifundazwe zomhlaba. Izinga eliphakeme kakhulu lokukhula komphakathi wasePheresiya lavunyelwa ukwakha amasiko alo, inkolo, ubuchwepheshe besayensi nobunjiniyela, eziningi zazo ezihlala zihambelana nanamuhla.
Phakathi kwamaPheresiya kwakukhona abacabangi abaningi abavelele, ososayensi, abantu bezobuciko. Namuhla, laba bantu bagcina umlando wabo ngcwele, yize kwenzeka izinguquko ezibalulekile ezinhlelweni zamasiko. Abakhohlwa ukuthi uma okhokho babo bakwazi ukudala umbuso omkhulu ezizweni eziningana. Kuvela Kanjani AmaPheresiya? Ngabe amandla abo akhule kanjani? Futhi i-Persia ebi kakhulu futhi enamandla yasendulo yanyamalala kuphi?
Izimfihlo zamagama amaPheresiya
Ngokokuqala ngqa, ukushiwo kwePheresiya kutholakala emibhalweni nasengositho wombusi wase-Asiriya weSalmanasar III. Bakhuluma ngendawo encane etholakala engxenyeni eseningizimu yeLake Ermia, lapho kusetshenziswa khona igama elithi "parsua".
Njengoba la marekhodi abhalwa phansi eneminyaka eyi-9 kuya esikhathini sethu, kungacatshangelwa ukuthi izizwe zasePheresiya ngokwazo zaqala inqubo yokwakhiwa kwayo ekuqaleni kwesikhathi. Ngemuva kwesikhashana, emibhalweni yasendulo, ama-pars "abonakala 'aqashelwa ngokuphelele, asetshenziswa maqondana nezakhamizi emiphakathini ekhuluma isi-Irania ehlala ithafa lase-Irania.
Usho ukuthini leli gama? Ngokusho kwama-lingule kanye nezazi-mlando, igama elithi "ama-parces", asetshenziswa endulo njengegama lamaPheresiya, alikwazi ukwahlukaniswa ngokuqanjwa kwezinye izizwe zase-Indoran, ezihlobene nalabantu basePheresiya (ngokwesibonelo, i-Parfyan).
Isisekelo salawa mazwi 'sithi "ama-pars-", lokho okuhunyushelwe kwisandiso sasendulo kusho ukuthi "uqine", "bocky". Mhlawumbe, amaPheresiya ahlukaniswa ngumzimba oqinile, yingakho ezinye izizwe zibabheka nje ngamaqhawe angempela.
Ukwakha umbuso
Kuqala, amaPheresiya ayengumxube wezizwe ozinzile. Ubuzwe obumakhelwane bathonywa ukwakheka kwabo ngokobuhlanga, futhi insimu yasePheresiya yayiphakathi kwemizila yezohwebo, okusho enye ingxube yezinhlanga.
Emibhalweni yakhe, umhambi wasePheresiya nesazi-mlando uMasidi uphawula okulandelayo:
"Kunezilimi ezahlukahlukene, njengePeklev, Dari, Azeri nezinye izilimi ZasePheresiya."Futhi ukuhlukaniswa okunjalo kwezilimi kugcinwe kuze kube namuhla, ngoba amaPheresiya akayona isizwe esisodwa, kepha iqembu lonke labantu eliseduze nomoya, imvelaphi namasiko ezizwe.
Umlando wePheresiya ungahlukaniswa ngezigaba eziningana, ngalinye lazo laphenduka igxathu lesikhashana ezingeni elisha lentuthuko, eshintsha kakhulu amasiko namaviki amaPheresiya. Ingqophamlando ebaluleke kakhulu ekwakhekeni kwabantu iba ukwakhiwa kwenhloko-dolobha, i-PersePole.
Kepha kwakuyisinyathelo sokuqala kuphela esakhiweni sombuso wonke. Ababusi basePheresiya babona ukuthi ukuqiniswa njalo kwamadolobha nemingcele yabo, ukufundwa kungatholakala ngokwanda kwempahla yabo, okwakuzoletha ukuchuma kombuso.
AmaPheresiya Wasendulo - Ababusi Bezwe
Inkosi u-Ahemen yaba umsunguli wobukhosi obukhulu be-Achemenidov. Phawula amandla wamandla ePheresiya, owaba namandla kunosuku nosuku, izizwe ezingomakhelwane zafunga ukwethembeka kumbusi, wajoyina iPheresiya. Kodwa-ke, isikhathi sangempela se-heyday siqala ngamaPheresiya ngokufika kukaKira Great.
Esikhathini sekhulu le-VI, uMbuso WasePheresiya uba yisimo sezulu esinamandla kunazo zonke, ufinyelela ezindaweni eziphakeme ezingakaze zibonwe ezindabeni zamasosha, kanye nezepolitiki kanye nezomnotho. UKoresi Omkhulu akazange adale izwe elikhulu kunawo wonke emhlabeni abantu bawo abahlangene ngaphansi kwegunya lakhe.
Le nkosi yayinomusa futhi ivelela. Ngaphambi kokunqoba phambi kwamandla angahlukaniswa, wanquma ukwakha kabusha imali entsha, iPasargada. Wonke amaphrojekthi we-KIRA asetshenziswe ngokuphelele kulo muzi, okwaba umhlobiso wangempela womhlaba wamaPheresiya.
Ngokubona kwami, impumelelo yokunqotshwa kwezintaba uKira nokwanda kwemingcele yasePheresiya akuzange kube kuphela ikhono lamaqhawe. Inqubomgomo yenkosi ayizange isuselwe ekucindezelweni, kodwa lapho kugcinwa izibonakaliso zobuzwe namasiko abantu abanqobile.
Abantu abavela ezindaweni ezinqobile ababinga izigqila, abazange bathathe amazwe, nezinkolelo namasiko ahlala kufana. Ngenxa yalesi sici, uKira wakwazi ukunqoba iBabiloni, abahlali bakabahlali ababheka inkosi yasePheresiya nababikazi bayo. Ngisho nabantu abangamaJuda bavame ukukhuluma ngeKiru enkulu njengoMesiya.
Ukunyamalala koMbuso WasePheresiya
Ukufa kukaKira kwembula amaPheresiya nabantu abahlukanisa izwe nabo, ephelelwe yithemba. Kodwa-ke, ama-Dariyu abe ngumlandeli ofanelekayo we-Tsar enkulu, eyangena endabeni njengeqhawe elinekhono, isazi sezepolitiki nezepolitiki. EDaria, umngcele woMbuso WasePheresiya ufinyelela imingcele engacabangeki - evela eGibhithe uye e-India.
Isimo esikhulu sasihlotshaniswa nemigwaqo ehlukahlukene, eyelulela ukusuka kwesinye isifunda iye kwesinye. Kodwa-ke, iBhodi laseDariyu lalingenamafu - ngaleso sikhathi liyakhanya.
Ukuvukela okukhulu kuthinta i-Athene neKorinte, amabutho akhe ahlangene namaPheresiya. Naphezu kwamandla embutho yasePheresiya, wehluleka ukuphula amaGrikhi. Ukwehlulwa okuchotshozwa kule mpi kwakuwukukwazi ophumelelayo uDaria, King Xerxes.
Umbuso wasePheresiya uyakhala nge-IV ekhulwini lethu. Kanye nePheresiya enkulu, eyabakisela izimo zayo kubantu abangomakhelwane, yanqotshwa yena. Manje u-Alexander Makedonsky wavele waba ngumnqobi wamaPheresiya. Kodwa-ke, ithonya lasePheresiya kulo laliqine kangangokuba umkhuzi odumile waze wazibizela njengommeleli wezambatho ze-AGEMENID.
AmaPheresiya - abantu abadlula indlela yomlando ethokozisayo futhi enzima. Ngisho ekuqaleni kwekhulu leminyaka elidlule, iWest Iran yabizwa ngokuthi iPheresiya, kodwa ensimini yezwe leli gama lalingasetshenziswanga.
Namuhla, abamele abantu "ama-pars" noma "ama-Fars" noma "njengamaPheresiya uqobo bathi, kubhekwa abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-40, iningi lazo lihlala emadolobheni nasemizaneni yase-Iran. Izizwe ezake zaba nezindawo ezinkulu namazwe amaningi, namuhla zihlala ezweni, ezingabizwa ngokuthi yi-cradle yabantu basePheresiya.