AmaYakuts amelela abantu abaningi kakhulu beSiberia. Namuhla kunezinkulungwane ezingaba ngu-500 abantu bezibeka kule nhlanga. Izizwe zakwaYakut zashicilela izwe lakubo, zisinda ezimeni ezinzima zalesi sifunda futhi zifunde ukuthuthukiswa kwezindawo zendabuko zomsebenzi womuntu. Lesi sizwe singesincane ngokwanele - okokuqala ngqa ngokhokho babo okukhulunywe ngaye kwikhulu le-XIV. Okuxakile ngokwanele, kepha ekuqaleni abathameli bakwaYwakuts babehlala ezindaweni ezihluke ngokuphelele, nasezintweni ezikhona njengamanje abazishintshile kangako. Bekunjani okwedlule kwabantu baseSakha, yini ama-Yakelis ngokwawo azibiza ngayo? Ubuhlobo babo nezizwe ezingomakhelwane bakwenzeka kanjani nokwakhiwa kwabantu uqobo?
I-Yakuta - Sakhe kanye "Demigods"
Phakathi kwamaYakuts kuvame kakhulu, ukuzimela kwawo kwakudala kunguSakha noma iSakhalar. Kwesinye isikhathi bayazibiza ngo-Uranhai, kepha lokhu kuzilungiselela cishe akukasetshenziswanga, kugcinwe kuphela ku-Folklore yendawo. Lokhu i-ethnonym kuyaqabulwa ngegama elithi "Uryanhai", njengoba izizwe zasendulo zaseMongolia zibizwa kanjalo. Ukufana okunjalo kukhomba ebudlelwaneni besikhathi eside sokhokho bama-yakelits namaMongol. Kunezinguqulo eziningi zemvelaphi yama-Yakelits. Futhi uma omunye wabo esekwe olwazini lwabavubukuli kanye namaqiniso omlando, lapho-ke abanye bafana nezinganekwane.
Ababhali be-hypothesis yasendulo babeyizihlasela. Phakathi kwalaba bantu, le ndaba yayivamile e-Starin ukuthi abantu bokuqala balelizwe babengabameli babantu babo. Indoda yokuqala u-Er Sogotok Elii yayiyinzalo yasezulwini evela ezulwini. Amawaya okuqala avela nowesifazane wakhe wasemhlabeni kanti kwavela ama-yakuts okuqala. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi kuze kube namuhla, ama-Yakelits anegama elichaza izizwe zawo. Kuhunyushwe kusuka kwisandiso sabo, kusho "ama-demigods". Kuyiqiniso, hhayi ngesizotha, kepha ukuzinikela okunjalo ezinkolelweni zakudala kudala inhlonipho yokuzithandela.
Ukwakheka kwabantu
Kepha ngiphakamisa ukubuyela kwisayensi esemthethweni. Iningi labaphenyi livame ukuthi okhokho abaphambili babantu babeyizizwe zeKurykan. Kwakuyinkantolo kazwelonke eyayihlala eSiberia. Ngokuhlangenwe nakho kahle, ngokuhlangene, amaKurykaan ahlukaniswe ngamaqembu amancane, lapho abantu abaqondile ngokuzayo. Ekuqaleni, okhokho bakwaYakuts bahlala esigodini saseYenisei, kodwa baphoqeleka ukuba bathuthele endaweni yaseBaikal. Yini ebangele ukuguqulwa? Ngokusho kwesazi-mlando v.a.stpanov, cindezela iKurykanov ekufuneni amazwe amasha ngabe izakhamuzi zingaba ezizweni, kanye nalabo abacindezelwe ngomakhelwane bawo abanobunye.
Ngesikhathi sokufuduka, amaKurykans ahlanganiswa nabantu bendawo, abe yisisekelo sokuvela kweqembu elisha - ama-Yakelits. Ekhulwini le-XV, izizwe zakwa-Yakut zisuka eTransbaikalia ziye e-Lena Pool, Aldan naseVilyuya. Lapho, zitholwa ngabantu bomdabu, kepha izingxenye zemiphakathi zikwazi ukulahla izinzipho futhi zizizuze emazweni abo.
Imisebenzi Yakuts
Emizimbeni enzima yezifunda ezisenyakatho, uYakuta wakwazi ukuthuthukisa ukufuya kwamahhashi nokuzalela kwezinkomo. Uhlobo olukhethekile lwezinkomo lwalufuywe - Yakutskaya - eyayilungele impilo ngesimo sezulu esinzima saseNyakatho. Ekhulwini le-XVII, imiphakathi yakut yakwazi ukwelula ukuzalaniswa kwezinkomo ezingxenyeni ze-Arctic zamazwe azo. Ngokufana, nemigomo yokuhlaselwa kabusha kwakhiwa, izimiso zokuthi amaYuts athathwe kuwo eTungus. Lesi sikhathi kwakuyisikhathi se-heyday yabantu abaseYakut. Ibizwa ngokuthi i-Epoch of Tagyna Darhan, umbusi wezizwe zamaYakuts ezaziwa ngezinganekwane eziningi. Ingabizwa ngokuthi iqhawe leqiniso leqiniso lalesi sizwe. Akademik a.P.Obladnikov encwadini yakhe "Umlando weYakutia" ubhala:
Yakutia eRussia
Kusukela ngo-1623, ukuthuthukiswa kweYakutia Russian kuqala. Owokuqala kulesi sifunda wavela ePossacks Panthery Poland, ehle ngokugeleza kukaLena. Ngo-1632, uPeter Boutov wasungulwa yidolobha lokuqala laseRussia laseYakutia, uLensky Ostrog. Kulesi sikhathi, umhlaba wamaYakuts waba yingxenye yeRussia. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi amandla amaRussia amaYakuts amukele ngokuqinile. I-Yakutsky Ostrog (eyayikade ibizwa ngokuthi uLensky) ngo-1634 yavinjezelwa yinto enkulu yabahlali bendawo. Ama-Yakuts afuna ukususa izikolo, kepha ukuhlaselwa kwazo kwabonakaliswa. Esikhathini esizayo, ukumelana kwaqhubeka, kanti amanye ama-Yakuts aphoqeleka ukuba abuyele ezindaweni ezikude. Kufanele kubhekwe ukuthi amandla amaRussia eYakutia aletha izinguquko ezingezinhle kanye nokwephulwa kwamalungelo abantu bendawo. Ukusakazeka kobuKristu kufake isandla ekuphakamiseni izinga lemfundo kanye nentuthuko yemibono yemfundo phakathi kwama-yakelia. Abantu baseRussia baseYakutia bamukela izimiso zezolimo, ezaqala ukusebenzisa ngempumelelo emazweni abo. Imizi emikhulu namadolobha aqala ukuvela, ukuthuthukiswa kwawo okwakususelwa ekuhwebeni kwaphakade namaRussia.
Izikhathi ezintsha zamaYakuts
Ukuthuthukiswa kwamandla ezimboni weYakutia Falls esikhathini saseSoviet. Ngawo-1920s, ukuthuthukiswa kwamadiphozi egolide we-Altai kuqala. Indima enkulu empilweni yeYakutia yadlalwa ngokwakhiwa kwethempeli laseTiksi, ngenxa yokuthi yimaphi amathrekhi okuthumelayo aqala ukuhlanganisa izifunda ezinzima zesifunda. Maphakathi nekhulu leminyaka edlule, amasimu ambalwa wedayimane ayekhona kuvulwe yi-yakuta, okwakunikeza ukuthuthukiswa komkhakha okhiqiza amadayimane. Ngo-1991, izwe laseYakut lamenyezelwa yiRiphabhulikhi yaseSakha (Yakutia). Ngaleso sikhathi, ukuguqulwa kwezimiso zemakethe yezomnotho kwenzeka, amabhizinisi abeziswe ngasese, izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zobunikazi ezikhona kulolu suku ziyavela.
Umlando wamaYakuts uvula amakhasi ambalwa anzima esimweni salesi sizwe. U-Saha oziqhenyayo futhi ophikelelayo wafunda ukumelana nezivivinyo ezihluke kakhulu - kusukela ekulweni kwezinto ekuhlaselweni kwezizwe ezingomakhelwane. Bakholelwa ukuthi izikhathi ezikhanyayo zazo zigcina ikusasa, kepha akufanele ukhohlwe okwedlule. "Ngabe ihhashi, kuzoba nesihlalo salo; Kuzoba nommese, akukho misindo, "kusho isaga sakudala sakut. Futhi ngalesi sitatimende asikwazi ukungavumelani.