Ezilinganisweni zomongameli abavikelwe kakhulu, ababusi baseMelika bavame ukuba abathathu abaphezulu. Imvamisa, benza omongameli baseChina nabaseRussia, noma kunjalo, kunokuhlukahluka okungavamile noma ukujikeleza "emhlabathini". Ikakhulu, abakwaMongameli bashintsha e-USA, futhi bangaba nesimo sengqondo esihlukile ekuvikelekeni kwabo: UDonald Trump, ngokwesibonelo, wayefuna izindlela ezengeziwe, futhi abalandelwayo baphatha isivikelo kalula.
Sizokutshela ngamaqiniso athile athakazelisayo ahlobene nomsebenzi wezinsizakalo zezokuphepha zabamongameli baseMelika.
Kusuka kuma-movie, siyazi ukuthi kukhona ama-hyperers wokuphepha okufanelekile, kanye nobuchwepheshe obuningi, kanti ezinye izindlela zakhiwe ezungeze i- "PotUS" (potus - umongameli wase-United States). Kepha endabeni yokuthi uzobe useduze nalowo osondelene noMongameli futhi ubuyise, ngokwesibonelo, okuphindwe kabili kulula. Noma bamba "inombolo yokuqala yebhodi". Kepha kusesikrinini, empeleni konke kwehlukile.
Photo: Umlando weBloomberg
Inkonzo yanamuhla yezokuphepha yeWhite House yaqala ukwakha engxenyeni yokuqala yekhulu le-19 ngaphansi kukaJames Madesone - uMongameli wesine American. Wahlela ukwahlukana kwalokhu okuthiwa "yiMilitia" - umphakathi ohlomile ngaphandle kokuqeqeshwa kwezempi. Ukusebenza kwabo kufunwa zero ngokuya ngezindinganiso zamanje, kepha wadala inkohliso yezokuphepha.
Kamuva, kwenziwa imizamo yokwakha unogada waphakade we-White House, bafaka izikhulu "ezivela eceleni" phakathi kwabase-servicemen. Ngemuva kweminyaka engama-30 kuphela ngemuva kokuqalwa kweMadison, lapho kwashintsha amamongameli abayisithupha, kwavela ukuthi kuboniswe prototype of Service Service - Kunezisebenzi ezihlala njalo ezigadiwe ezakhiweni zezwe, ngokusobala nangezindlela ezifihliwe.
UThomas O'Neill waba ngumqaphi wokuqala kaMongameli waseMelika - uFranklin Pierce. Kwakuyi-pier eqhamuka ne-perimeter ephindwe kabili yokuphepha: okokuqala kwanakekela ifa lefa, owesibili - mayelana nomuntu wokuqala wombuso. Le ndlela isetshenziswa manje.
Photo: Obamawhitehouse.archives.gov.
Amasu nemithetho yokuvikelwa kokuvikelwa kancane kancane yathuthukiswa. Ukuze ungaphenduli i-White House esisekelweni sezempi, ukuvikelwa kwanqunywa ukuthi aye kwimpucune, futhi izikhali zigqoke izikhali ezazisezifihliwe. Kuvele amayunithi amasha, ahlinzeka ngokuvikelwa ngesikhathi sokuhamba kukaMongameli, kanye nokusekelwa uma kunesidingo noma ukuvela kwezinsongo zangempela noma ezisolwayo. Manje sekusobala ukuthi abaningi lapho izici zokuvikelwa zithuthelwe esimanje.
Ukuvikelwa sekukhule ngobuningi, izindleko zalo zakhula. Ukuthuthuka kwaba nomthelela ezingxabanweni zangaphakathi kanye nezinsongo ezivela kubashokobezi. Ngo-1865, kwakhiwa inkonzo eyimfihlo ngesimo sayo samanje (khona-ke enye yemisebenzi yayo eyinhloko kwakuwukulwa nemali eyimbumbulu), okuqala ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20 kwathatha unogada ongumjikelezo kaMongameli - Lokhu kwenzeke ngemuva kokubulawa kukaWilliam Mcquinley. Kusukela lapho, munye kuphela owayengumongameli waseMelika kuphela - uJohn F. Kennedy.
Photo: Umnakekeli
Futhi ngemuva kweMpi Yezwe I, i-White House yayinamaphoyisa anaphakade, eyabe esedlulisela ekutholeni insiza eyimfihlo. Imfanelo yamuva kwahlanganisa nokuvikelwa kohlu olukhulayo olusondelene noMongameli namandla.
Izintandokazi ngemuva kokwe-1997 futhi bashiya abakwaMongameli abaneminyaka eyi-10, hhayi impilo yonke, njengakuqala.
Namhlanje
Amashumi ezinkulungwane zabasebenzi ababandakanyeka ekuvikelweni kukaMongameli waseMelika nomndeni wakhe, kepha ingxenye encane yabo esebenza ngqo nomuntu wokuqala. Lo mkhuba onjalo ukhona emazweni amaningi - ukuvuma "emzimbeni" udinga ukuhamba ngokuhlola okuningana okuqhubeka kuyo yonke insizakalo. Ngalesi sizathu, ingqalasizinda ibanzi kakhulu: kukhona abathengi bokuhlola nokuhlola ukuhlolwa - konke kuphindaphindwa kaninginingi.
Ngifuna ukuqapha
Ukuvikelwa nguMongameli, akwanele ukuba nemfundo yesibili, impilo enhle, isisindo semisipha kanye nentshiseko ukwenza noma yimiphi imiyalo - lapha kuzofanele usebenze okwamanje. Ukuze uthole uhlu lwemibuzo ukumane lubukeze, kuyadingeka ukuba yisakhamizi sase-US Hhayi ngaphansi kweminyaka engama-21 futhi kungabi ngaphansi kweminyaka engama-37 (ngaphandle kwabanye abasebenzi be-Federal), banamalungelo akhona (ukushayela) noma umbono omuhle Ukulungiswa, kanye nokuma kwe-accounting yezempi (okumele kubhaliswe - imfuneko, kepha insizakalo yokuphoqelelwa e-US Army ayikenziwa kusukela ngo-1973: Lokhu kulungile, akusona isikhathi).
Photo: United States Service Service
Ukhetho ludinga ukufakazela izifundo zabo zemfundo eyunivesithi egunyaziwe (ukuhlolwa kwenziwa kwi-Brade Point Auntiont Index, lapho ubuncane luyiphuzu elingu-1, amaphuzu angu-4). Ofaka isicelo kumele okungenani abe namaphuzu ama-3, kufanele aqedele inyuvesi kwengxenye yesithathu. Kepha kunezimo eziphumelele kangako: Funda unyaka nesigamu esikoleni seziqu, kulandelwa ukwabiwa kwe-master degree noma unesipiliyoni kulwazi oluthile lomsebenzi (ngokwesibonelo, umphenyi, ophenyi, kanye nokunye), okuwusizo enkonzweni eyimfihlo.
Lapho-ke isigaba solwazi sokuhlola kanye namakhono wokuhlaziya siza, hlola amandla okuveza imicabango yabo, kufaka phakathi izingxoxo eziningi, uchithe izingxoxo eziningi kanye nezingxoxo ezimnyama ", zibucayi kakhulu). Ofaka isicelo unesibopho sokuqeqeshwa okuhle ngokomzimba - kuzohlola futhi njengomlando wezifo.
Izikhathi zenhlalo zifunda: ukuba khona kokwephulwa komthetho (uma kunjalo, cishe kunqotshwa), izinkokhelo ezedlulile, nokunye. Ngasikhathi sinye umtshina wamanga uxhunyiwe: Ukwethembeka ngeke kube yithikithi lesigaba esilandelayo, kepha amanga nakanjani azobeka isiphambano emsebenzini okungenzeka enkonzweni eyimfihlo.
Uma konke kuhamba kahle, izinyanga ezintathu noma ezine zokuqeqeshwa okuningana esikhungweni esikhethekile, khona-ke - ukuqeqeshwa "ekhefu", ngokomzimba nangokwengqondo, cishe izinyanga eziyisithupha. Futhi, udinga ukulungele ukufunda "umdlalo wokuzilibazisa" omusha - onjengomengameli wamanje (ngokwesibonelo, ukugibela). Kuyacaca ukuthi kungani: Umuntu wokuqala udinga ukuhambisana nayo yonke indawo.
Photo: Glassdoor
Ukuvikelwa kuqeqeshwa ukuqondiswa okusheshayo uma imoto iphendukele ukuze ingene ngokushesha empini uma kunesidingo. Noma phuma endizeni enophephela emhlane, waphenduka emanzini ngesisu phezulu. Futhi bathunyelwa egumbini eligcwele igesi sebele stres ... lokhu kuyinto yokudubula, ukulwa nenhlanganisela, ukubheka, njll. Okunye koku- "fun" kungukulingisa kokusekelwa kwe- "Vipa", lapho elinye iqembu lizama ukuliqeda. Futhi umuntu udlala umuntu obaluleke kakhulu. Ukudubula kwenziwa ngezinhlamvu zepulasitiki Ukushiya umkhondo: ngesisekelo sokuzivocavoca ungathola amaphuzu abuthakathaka.
Kepha izici eziningi (cishe zonke) zihlukaniswa: izitha azilali.
Ukuqashwa minyaka yonke kube ngabantu abayi-100 abathi baphazamiseka ekhanda: "Alukho usuku olubi enkonzweni eyimfihlo." Usizo? Bese kuba nomholo ovela kuma- $ 50 izinkulungwane eziya ku- $ 145 izinkulungwane ngonyaka (ngokusobala, ngaphandle kwezintela), kuya ngokuthunyelwe nokushayela.
Bese usebenzisa kaninginingi.
Photo: Twitter.com/secretvice Guard
Konke ukunyakaza koMongameli waseMelika kuhlelwe kusengaphambili, noma iyiphi i-amateur izama ukuyeka. Imizila imvamisa ibicabanga izinyanga ezimbalwa, ziyafundwa futhi zithuthukiswe ukuze bonke ubude bafinyeleleke ngokushesha ezikhungweni zezokwelapha, lapho amayunithi akhethekile asebenza ngesikhathi sokuhamba.
Imigwaqo lapho uhamba khona nezimoto zikaMongameli ziqhubekela khona (uma ingandizeli endizeni enophephela emhlane), ihlanjululwe ezimotweni, futhi ngasikhathi sinye basebenzisa izinja ezikhethekile ukusesha iziqhumane ezindaweni eziseduze nasemakhaya. Lokhu kungengeze ku-Snipers ophahleni nase-Drones esibhakabhakeni.
Photo: NBC News
Ku "Umkhankaso" I-Aid Kit Kit yokuqala, ukunikezwa kwegazi kufakiwe kokumpompela - Eminye imithombo uyibiza ngeTrempvsky Innovation, kepha akunjalo. Iziphathimandla Zokuphepha Zomuntu kufanele futhi zikwazi ukuhlinzeka ngosizo lokuqala olungenzeki, olungakhawulelwe ekubekweni kwebhandeji noma ikhono lokudweba iodine Crossnings: Baphoqelekile ukuthi balondoloze impilo ye- "potus" kuze kube isikhathi sokuhlinzeka ngosizo olufanele.
Umkhuba onjalo ubekhona kusukela ngo-1981, lapho kwenziwa umzamo eRonald Reagan, kanti onogada akazange abone ngokushesha isilonda esiyingozi emaphashini - acabanga ukuthi lalimala kuphela onqenqemeni. Mhlawumbe, lokhu kuhlaselwa ngo-Reagan kuholele ekuqubukeni komunye umthetho: Ukukhuluma nabahlaseli abangahle.
Yebo, abasebenzi benkonzo eyimfihlo (noma ezinye izigaba) batholakala nabantu okungenzeka ukuthi babe yingozi kumuntu wokuqala phakathi nohambo lwakhe. Ngokuvamile zivame ukutholakala ku- "Checkmark" emaphoyiseni endawo, anikezela idatha. Kwamanye amazwe, "izakhi ezingathembekile" zithunyelwa imigoqo noma zenze ngaphandle kwalokho, zikhuluma nazo, zixwayisa ngesibopho nokuthi zingaphansi kwesibopho futhi zingaphansi kwe-cap. Kumacala akhethekile, mhlawumbe uhlukanise.
Photo: Research Research - IresearchNet
Wenzani uReagan? UJohn Hinckley Jr., owamdubula, ngaphambi kwalokhu, "STALLMERIL" Johnny Carter futhi akanandaba ne-Johy foster. Iziphathimandla zazazi ngakho, kodwa izindlela ezanele azizange ziyenze.
Kuphikiswa ukuthi uMongameli waseMelika akakaze abe yedwa: Unogada umlandela ngisho nasendlini yangasese (ukungasho lutho "oluseduze" noMthetho "woMthetho" inombolo "engenakudinga ukungahambisani nayo. Ake sithi abasebenzi benkonzo abayimfihlo bangabhekelwa kuphela ukubheka, futhi noma kunjalo, kunoma yikuphi, baziwa ngezimfihlo ezifihliwe kwabanye. Isibonelo esibi safaka uGary Byrne, ugada Clep Clinton.
"Uboya" bangamakamelo amahhotela lapho uMongameli uyayeka khona. Okungukuthi, ngendlela, kudla kuphela ukudla okulungiselelwe ngabapheki - futhi abapheki basebenza ngaphansi kokugadwa konogada. Emahhotela abakwaMongameli, abuhalalise kakhulu: Ngesikhathi sokufika kwabo, abasebenzi abanesigebengu esidlule bathunyelwa ezinyangeni ezingakhokhelwa. Impilo iyama ezitezi ezizungezile, kanye nezindawo eziphakeme, amaklayenti alula awakwazi ukusebenzisa.
Photo: Twitter.com/secretvice.
Kukhona futhi umkhuba wokudutshulwa okuphelele kwevidiyo yokunyakaza kukaMongameli - Uma kwenzeka "okuthile kungahambi kahle." Amarekhodi anjalo akuvumela ukuthi uhlole i-postfactum eyenzekile, khomba izimbobo ezingaba khona ekuphepheni noma ezingozini eziphuthelwe. Isibonelo, esimweni semnyayela, inkonzo eyimfihlo ebonga le ving yevidiyo eyayiphonsa isihloko esithile ngesikhathi sikaMongameli waseMelika ngesikhathi sokuvakashela i-Mar-A-Lago Club.
By the way, izibuko zonogada kaMongameli azilungile hhayi isifiso sokubukeka zipholile (kuphi kupholile?). Futhi hhayi ukuvikelwa okungaka ekukhanyiseni kwelanga noma ekuqubukeni, kanye noketshezi olunolaka. Ngakho-ke abasebenzi bafihla amehlo entweni yokubheka - cishe ngemuva kwezibuko bazungeza amaprotheni eso cishe afana nama-chameleon.
Elinye iqiniso elithandekayo empilweni yabaqaphi bakaMongameli waseMelika: Ngokuphikisana nokukhohlisa, abafungeki ukuvikela kwakhe izindleko zempilo yabo. Yebo, bayaziqeqesha ukuqinisekisa ubukhulu bokuphepha kwalo, uma kunesidingo, ukumboza nomzimba (nokwenza), kepha umhlatshelo onjalo awukho.
Futhi futhi nezindiza, izimoto kanye nensizakalo
Ngaphezu kwezikhulu zezokuphepha, kunezinsizakalo eziningi ezengeziwe eziqinisekisa ukuphepha kwePotus. Emagalaji kukhona ama-limousines angama-9-toni ahlomile (ngaphansi kokuqokwa kwekhodi Isilo) kanye nemishini yokuhambisana nokuhambisana iguqulwa kakhulu ngaphansi kwezidingo ezithile.
Ama-Santimeters wensimbi, amafasitela aqinisiwe, ama-peramics aqinisiwe, ama-past and asebenzayo nezinhlelo zokuvikelwa okusebenzayo, amasheke okubhema, lokhu konke mayelana nokuhlaselwa kwezingalo ezingafakwanga. Izinhlelo zokuxhumana zivaliwe futhi azihlobene nomhlaba wangaphandle - kuhlala ku-wire ngephiko likamongameli nePentagon. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngqo kusuka emotweni, uMongameli angaphatha ukuhlaselwa kwenuzi - ipotimende le-20-kg eliseduze nezandla zesisebenzi esikhethekile.
Abashayeli bezimoto ezinjalo bayaqeqeshwa - akuba lula kangako ukuhlela "iphoyisa" liphenduka imoto enesisindo esingu-9 samathani.
UMengameli waseMelika undiza endizeni ye-VC-25, okuyinguqulo yezempi yeBoeing 747, evikelwe ku-AMY esigabeni senuzi. UBorf ufanele umlando ohlukile, ngakho-ke sisho amaqiniso ambalwa ngaye kuphela. Usayizi we- "Side Offer" Crew abantu abangama-26, futhi ungahambisa abagibeli abangama-76. Kukhona igumbi lokuhlinza elizimele, "ikhemisi", iziqandisini ezinkulu neminye imishini. Indiza ingavuselela indiza. Kepha into ethakazelisa kakhulu ngaye ihlukaniswa (kufaka phakathi idatha ekuvikelweni nasezinhlelweni ze-avitions).
Ihora lendiza libiza abakhokhi bentela ku- $ 180 izinkulungwane, kepha izindiza ezimbili zitholakala emoyeni, ngakho-ke idijithi, ngokusobala, kufanele iphindwe kabili.
Le nkampani iyibhodi likaMongameli le-Lockeheed C-5 Galaxy yezempi yezempi, ehambisa imishini (kufaka phakathi ama-limousines) nemishini yokuqinisekisa umsebenzi wokuvikelwa. Kwenye indawo kulindele ama-helikopta awo wehora elisetshenziswa lapho kunzima ukuhambisa emotweni.
Endaweni yokuqinisekisa ukunethezeka kukaMongameli, "amabutho" angezekile angelenkulu angaba yinkulungwane - othile adinga ukubandakanyeka ezingeni. Ngesikhathi sokuvakashelwa kukaTrump eJerusalema, endaweni yokuhlala, iKosi David Hotel isuswe ngokuphelele. Abantu abayinkulungwane bahamba noTrump nase-UK - futhi nabo badinga ukuthuthwa (kuyacaca ukuthi akuwona amabhasi).
Izinsizakalo ezikhethekile zakha "ukuphepha bubble", lapho kuhileleka khona amabutho amoya. Akunandaba noma iyiphi indawo - isimo sayo noma sakwamanye amazwe (ecaleni lesibili, amabutho endawo axhumeke endalweni yawo). Lapho i- "bubble" idluliselwe, lonke izwe emhlabeni. Hhayi ukumangala, kepha ngoba akakwazi ukususa ngokuqinile isikhathi sakhe.
Imithombo: I-Merriam-Webster, i-Whitehousehistory, I-Mealtalfleeshistory, I-Usajobssers, i-MoneyControl, ubudlova, ama-PBS, i-BBC, i-Aerotime.
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