I-cocktail entsha yoNyaka oMusha. Iresiphi. Isimangaliso, into entsha, isikhathi
Unyaka omusha uqukethe amasiko okuvuselelwa, okuhlangenwe nakho kwesimangaliso futhi amise isikhathi. Konke lokhu ndawonye, ukusebenzisa igama elithi Comrade Ogurtsova (Igor Ilinsky) kusuka ku- "Carnival Night" (1956), "nonnomical" yeSoviet NO NTHU. Indlu, i-Bureaucratic Vokita, isipiliyoni esibi sesizungu - lezi zimo zihambisana nomuntu waseSoviet njalo. Kodwa-ke, ngaphansi konyaka omusha wanyamalala ngokushesha. Kunoma yikuphi, esikrinini.
Ukunyamalala bekungahlali kungenabuhlungu: Into yabantu idinga ukunqanda, iziphithiphithi kufanele zingene ogwini lwazo, nokubhala okungavikelekile ngo-Eva kaNyaka oMusha kuphenduka i-hangover enzima ekuseni. Noma kulokhu, incazelo ebekwe kahle yeSoviet (ne-Post-Soviet) yoNyaka oMusha (wasePost-Soviet) ibonisa ukwakheka kwe-carnival ekuchazeni udokotela wamaFilologist kanye ne-Culturologist Mikhail Bakhtin. Isikhathi lapho yonke into ishintsha khona ezindaweni, umhlaba umi ekhanda, kanye nokuhleleka kwe-bureaucratic kanye "nokubaluleka" (elinye igama elivela ku-lexicon ogurttsov) esikhundleni sokudambisa i-democtow.
Bekulokhu kwakhiwa ngokuthi "ubusuku be-carnival" (1956) - i-dwet yase-Eldar Ryazanov kumdlalo we-movie: Iziphathimandla zamandla lapho zibhekene noLogurtsova ubuso nobuso be-2020, ezikhuthele: Emcabangweni womqondisi weCarnival ophethe kuphela futhi ungandiza ehholo lesigodlo sesiko ebhokisini ukuze ligxile. I-Carnival njengomkhosi wenkululeko nokuzwakala ayikhuthazeli amanga, ubukhulu be-Ogurttsev, ubuhlakani bakhe obucindezelwe (akukho ngengozi, ukhukhamba amakhukhamba agxile kakhulu emilenzeni, okufanele kube yi- "behlukanise", futhi ama-clown aqabulayo wobulili obufanayo akhiqiza a "Ukuqonda Okubi"). Ukuphela kwendlela yokuphuma kuphela nokuhleka okungenamkhawulo, ukuhleka, kususa i-bureaucrat amalungelo akhe omphakathi.
Iqhawe lika-Igor Ilinsky yisiwula sendabuko sezinganekwane zaseRussia, kepha umuntu waseSoviet wabonakala ku-boiler. Isiwula sivela ukuthi sibe yisinyathelo, i-assexual bureaucrat igcizelelwa - uthuli lwesikhathi se-stalinsky, kusale, njengoba kwabonakala kuncipha, esikhathini esidlule.
Ngolimi lwenganekwane yaseSoviet, amakhukhamba - isiphithiphithi se-Ivanushka enhle: Isikhulu, ngokungafani nokulungiselela kwangaphambi kwangaphambi, ukuzama ukuvimba amandla omkhosi, umoya wenkululeko kanye nokuphindukuzalwa. Ngenkathi amaqhawe eminyaka ehlukene kanye nezibalo zenhlalo - kusukela ebusheni obukhazimulayo kanye nokuhamba kweLenochka Krylovy (Ludmila Gutchenko) noGrisha (yuri tutyushkin) kanye ne-adelasov) ne-Adelaids kuzmichnaya (Olga Vlasov) - i uzohlukana ngenjabulo nezindima ezifihliwe "knithikov" ze-Kazenno-Bureauccatic World, amakhukhamba ahlala "kuthiwa yikhathuni kaFedor Khitruka 1962, afana nale nkinga), ebeka imingcele entweni ye ukomela isihe, hhayi ukuvunyelwa yibuthonya.
Lokhu kuchaziwe impela, ngoba i-Ogurttsov, ukuhlukana nemaski yakhe ilingana nokulahlekelwa ngokwakhe, okushiwoyo kufanele kube yisithiyo endleleni yokukhanselwa kwezwe nemikhosi yensimbi yesikhathi sikaStalin.
Kakade ku "Carnival ebusuku" kaRyazanov ubeka enye yezimqoka ngokwazo: umuntu waseSoviet ukhona emingceleni enzima yezenhlalo neyasendlini, ukuphula okungaba yisimangaliso kuphela, kukhansele isikhundla esikhona.
Uma isimangaliso sonyaka omusha sifana nomkhosi weFree Festival ovela emihlanganweni yezenhlalo ebekwe yimibono yokuqoqa, khona-ke ifilimu lomkhosi omkhulu wezwe "i-Irony of Fate, noma ngesikebhe esikhanyayo!" (1975) - Inkinga. Lapha, njengasekupheleni kwe- "Carnival Night", kunesiwula - uZhenya Lukashin (u-Andrey Soft), elwa nenhliziyo yenkosazana nadi (iBarbara Brylsk), kanye nomhawu wakhe nge-IPPOLIT (Yuri Yakovlev). I-Carnival maphakathi nama-70s iba yindaba yomuntu siqu yabantu abasemafulethini ajwayelekile. Futhi amaqembu asemqoka futhi angamaqiniso adumile uBrezhnev, ehamba emhlabeni osendaweni yokugqwala kwesithombe.
Ngamafuphi, ngaphansi kwenganekwane yenganekwane yoNyaka Omusha Wonyaka omusha weSoviet, nazo zonke izimfanelo zeRyazanov, kwenza ukuxilongwa kwenkathi: Indoda yaseSoviet, ngenkuthalo yokuguqula indawo enkulu nxazonke, yaphenduka izigqila zayo, waba okujwayelekile okufanayo ngomqondo wezidingo kanye nezinga lezimangaliso, njengezindlu uNadi, uFrank kanye nezigidi zezakhamizi zazo ezingezona zesikrini.
Futhi yini isimangaliso esinganikela phansi efulethini elinesizotha lemithunzi ebabazekayo, ngaphandle kwemimoya eyisiFulentshi nesithandwa, ukusingatha ishawa esigqoko soboya? Kulokhu kujoyina uhlelo lweSiko Uhlaka, isimangaliso sihlangana ngezikhathi ezithile (futhi ukuthi banjani okunye?) Kuphela manje kuncishwa intsha ebabazekayo ye-50 noma isifiso esibi sephupho (lokhu kungatholakala ku "Fairy eneqhwa I-Tale "ka-1959 alexei sakharov ne-eldar scanglaya). ULukashin noShevelov, konke kulula: Isimangaliso siqhubeka empilweni yabantu abajwayelekile, emaphethelweni esikhala esisodwa esihlelekile nesikhathi sobusuku obusha.
Futhi ukuhambisana ngokuphelele nomqondo wesintu waseDurak Lukashin, oshayisa yonke into esendleleni yayo (hhayi kuphela ifenisha, kodwa futhi nobudlelwano babanye abantu), uyavuzwa. Kwakunguye kuye, "umuntu ongafaneleki," inkosazana iyaphuma, hhayi "hhayi" i-hypolyte "elawulayo. Njengo-Ivan-Fool, ubani ngengozi ngoboya bomkhwenyana wendodakazi yasebukhosini, uLukashin wazenzekisela ngokuzenzekela ukuba abe semthethweni weLeningrad, ngakho-ke umakoti unguthisha, hhayi inkosazana.
Kepha indlela eya esimangalisweni eRyazan Fairy Tale akulula ukuyihlanza: ngaphandle konyaka omusha wokuhlanzwa, ukuqedwa - ngeke uhambele uthando. Ngakho-ke, akukhona ukukwenzeka ukuthi ekuqaleni kwefilimu kungathi umkhankaso wezinganekwane okugeza kwenzeka. Endlini yokugezela yaseSoviet, ngisho nangamapayipi aseFinland, ngeke anyamalale kusuka kuNasel yemihlangano yezenhlalo. Ngakho-ke, ukuphuma okubonisiwe esikhaleni se-LongSovtsky yezinsizakalo (kufanelekile ukukhumbula i-Nuhin kusuka ku- "Cherryv", lapho i-VP (umlingo we-wand) isebenza kuphela emkhakheni wezemisebenzi, ekhombisa iphupho lomkhosi we okugeza - ukungaqondakali kwe-elok. Flome inxema impilo engalawulwa - zombili izinto ezibonakalayo, kanye nomndeni - baxosha umkhosi wangaphambilini ngemuva kwenhlekelele, banciphise iphupho lokuguqulwa okukhulu kokuthula kwenjabulo yakhe.
Ngokuqinisekile, ukusetshenziswa okunolaka kanye nophawu olujulile loNyaka oMusha luqondakala kwifilimu ethi "Old New Year" (1980) u-Oleg Efremova noNama Ardashnikov. Umzabalazo we-Old and The New ubukeka lapha e-Eisensteinovskiski ngokubuka nangomqondo. Isifiso sabasebenzi ukuba 'sibe nakho konke okufana nabantu', samuntu esithombeni sikaPeter Cebeykin (ukwenqaba okubonisa umkhaya kaPeter Polmiom (u-Alexander Kalyagin) kubuhlekisayo futhi kubuhlungu, futhi ukubopha Labo baphostoli abalahlekile emihlalweni yezenhlalo engemuva (kahle, akusona isivakashi emhlabathini we-stagnation!) Bangakwazi kuphela amaSoviet Travels - u-Ivan Adamych (evgeny evstigneyev), ngaphandle kokwabelana ngamakilasi nemali engenayo izinga.
I-Hero Enstigneeva - Enye inguqulo yesiwula, manje akuseyona eyayi-Carnyama-bureaucratic, njengamakhukhamba, hhayi "isisindo" lapho ebhekene noLukashina, kodwa odabukisayo. Ukuhlekisa okubabazekayo okubabazekayo ngaphezulu kwalowo ozelwe ngumuntu ozelwe yizakhi zezinguquko kanye ne-avant-garde yabangu-20s. Futhi ngasikhathi sinye, umahluko wobuntu beRabireStetsky kanye nomzabalazo wesithunzi somuntu - ukhiye, ngokusho kukaNiauma Kleiman, isihloko se-Eisenstein.
Manje u-Adamyach akathathwa ngokungathi sína, futhi yena uqobo akazange anciphise phakathi kokuhlangana kwamakhabethe, amatafula nezitsha zemikhosi emizameni yokuthola impendulo yombuzo: "Futhi ngubani umuntu onjalo?" Kepha lokhu, iphupho laseSoviet, owayegqoke, ogqokwa ngumoya ulahlekile, uyakwazi ukuxhuma amaqhawe - imaski endaweni yendawo yasendulo yokugeza, lapho kuhlangana khona i-matriarchy umndeni nokunakwa okubonakalayo ezintweni. Kuphela esigabeni sokugcina, esisuswe ekubumbeni okungalungile kwe-soologian sovietology, kwatholakala ukuthi kukhohlwe yiPeters (Funda, kulahliwe!) Umnyombo wempilo. Futhi bakuqonda, bafika ku-Aristocratism kacishe abe nguPatrician waseRoma.
Kusekupheleni kwama-70s nama-80s ukuthi i-carnival Fairy Tale iphela. Phambili iqiniso elinzima lokugcwala sekwephuzile, ama-schizophrenic chills ekwakhiwa kabusha kanye nokuwa kwezwe. Ukulahleka kukaSniperki kwama-lowsess ukukhohlisa ngokunembile kulungiswa "Carnival" (1981) Tatyana Lozinova. Umhlaba weholide elingavikelekile uncishiswa kwifilimu emcabangweni we-nina Solompina osemusha (u-Irina Muravyov). Intombazane yesifundazwe ephupha ngokuba ngumlingisi yi-archetype eyisisekelo yeSoviet Cinema, kodwa eKarnavale, inganekwane ayikhuli ibe ngokoqobo. I-heroine yaseMuravyova ibona umhlaba ngesikrini: Kuphela ehholo le-cinema elikwaziyo imizwa ejulile neleqiniso. Bese imingcele - kuyo imaskhi yentombazane ethokozile e-Yellow Thatha ekhanda kanye nama-roller wezingane emilenzeni. I-Lioznova idala uhlobo lowesifazane lwe-Fool-Lukashin, kuphela manje esikhundleni seSt Petersburg Aristocracy - I-Moscow Glain neNevtyba. Futhi isiwula - iSolomatina ayivuzwanga ngenxa yezinxushunxushu ezikhiqizwe yiyo, futhi iphinde ifike edolobheni elisebuntwaneni, kuMama ozonda buthule, - ukubuya kwendodakazi yolahleko, kwafakwa esikhundleni se- "Plus" ku-Final " "ISolaris" Andrei Tarkovsky.
Thatha inganekwane!Kuleli qapha kwebhayibheli kungenzeka ukuthi uqedele indaba yamaphupho kazwelonke amaphupho aseSoviet kuma-expression efilimu yoNyaka oMusha. Kepha uYuri Mamin, owakhipha "iholide elisha" ngo-1986, waletha indandatho yakhe kuleli cala elingahlanzekile: hhayi kuphela impendulo ezifisweni ezinhle ze- "Carnival Night", kodwa futhi nokubulawa ngamandla phezu kwefilimu yefilimu yaseSoviet ye 30s.
Umqondisi udala i-EPIC enkulu-ephakeme ngesikhala esinesithukuthezi ngenhloso. Idolobhana elincane lezithende ezincane minyaka yonke libika ngempumelelo ngoJanuwari 1, umkhosi kaNeptune - ukuthumela esikweni lokuzinikela kwasolwandle naku-carnival fun ukujabulisa abaholi emakamu amaphayona e-USSR ngasekupheleni kwe-USSR.
Njengoba kuncike e-Epic Farce, imibiko iyinhlawulo emsulwa, futhi umkhosi ukhona kuphela emcabangweni we-Bureaucrats yendawo. Kepha ngolunye usuku kunesidingo seholide langempela, ngoba unyaka omusha uqokwe ukuvakashela izivakashi eziphezulu zaseSweden (isithunzi sase-eisenstein futhi lapha!) Unentshisekelo yokuthi izinto ziseSoviet Union nge "Lorsery".
Kusuka kuleli phuzu kuqhubeke, isenzo sisheshe, futhi okwenzekayo esikrinini kuthola uhlobo lwe-buffonads endaweni yokubuyisa indawo yeSoviet nase-Izborsk), ngesabelo esifanelekile seSoviet Indiacracy . Unyaka omusha ezithendeni ezincane ujikela ngokucophelela okudumile kwe-EPIC yesimo esidumile sempi yaseRussia i-Bogatiy yaseSweden emculweni kaProkofiev osuka e-Alexander Nevsky, e-Eisenstein. Kuphela manje, ngaphansi kwama-Chords amahle kakhulu omqambi, amasosha athi "zhiguli" agawula imigwaqo yezithende ezincane, ehambisana ne- "Ikarus" enezivakashi ezingaphezulu, futhi axwaya ubunqunu bomphakathi, agxume eqhweni amanzi.
Ukudalula (ngomqondo ongokoqobo nangokomfanekiso) we-epistemin, i-momein, ngaleyo ndlela ehlobisa i-soviet himfical filmife - lokhu kusakazwa isikhathi, okufana nokuhlangenwe nakho kwakhe kwe-turo yonyaka omusha. Cishe izingubo zamakhadibhodi zihlala zivela kumasampula obuqhawe ezedlule, futhi esikhundleni sezimpawu zangempela - ukukhiqizwa kabusha okushibhile, ukuhumusha kwabathengi kwe-LA Russe for aftery. Ngakho-ke umqondisi onosizi uthi: Ngisho nenganekwane enhle nethalente ayikwazi ukubekezelela ukubonakala kwendawo yonke, ubuwula nokomela ukugcwala - ingxube ye-bizarre ye-carnival rags kanye nokuhlazeka kweRussia.
Kungokomfanekiso ukuthi ukudonswa kwemayini uthole ukweqa esikrinini esikubonga kakhulu ku-ryazanov. Inganekwane - Ukuhamba Kokuhle yanikela ekubumbeni. Umbuthano uvaliwe. Futhi ama-chimes asashaywa abayishumi nambili.
Umbhali uyabonga ngosizo lweKinovEdev Natalia Nusinov ne-ASSU Novikov