Njengengxenye yokudla okuningi, ungabona okuqukethwe kawoyela wesundu. Le ngxenye isuswa ezitsheni zePalm Palm Palm (elaeis Guinensis), ekhula e-Afrika, eLatin America Plantations. ERussia, uwoyela wesundu uvele kuphela ngawo-1960s futhi kusukela lapho kuvame ukusetshenziswa njengento ebambele amafutha obisi, kanye nasekukhiqizweni kwemikhiqizo ye-bakery. Futhi kuyingxenye ye-biofuels futhi iyingxenye yama-shampoos nama-cosmetics. Ngokuvamile, uwoyela wesundu uyingxenye ebalulekile yemikhiqizo eminingi futhi ungasho izinto eziningi ezithokozisayo ngayo. Njengengxenye yalesi sihloko, ngiphakamisa ukuthola ukuthi abantu bacabanga ukuthi bakhipha uwoyela ezithelo zesandla sesandla samafutha nokuthi kukhiqizwa kanjani ezikhathini zanamuhla. Yebo, sifunda ngezinzuzo nokulimazeka kwamafutha esundu, ngoba lo mbuzo unesifiso esikhulu kubantu abaningi.
Umlando wamafutha esundu
Ukushiwo okokuqala ngezinsuku zamafutha esundu emuva ngekhulu le-XV - Amarekhodi enziwa ngabahambi basePortugal abavakashele entshonalanga Afrika. Yile ndawo eyikhaya le-oyili yesundu, lapho izakhamuzi zakuleli zisasusa amafutha esundu ngezindlela zendabuko. Umkhiqizo ovelayo udliwa ngendlela eluhlaza, njengesithako esibalulekile sezitsha zikazwelonke. Eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane edlule, amafutha esundu aqala ukunikezwa eGibhithe lasendulo, kwathi ngo-1870 kwafika eMalaysia. Ngawo-1960, ngenxa yabahlinzeki base-Indonesia, uwoyela wabonakala eRussia. Izihlahla zesundu kawoyela zazithandwa yiwo wonke umuntu, ngoba ziqinile kakhulu futhi zinikeza isivuno esikhulu, lapho ungathola khona uwoyela omuhle wemifino.
Ukuvuthwa kwamafutha
Iningi lawo wonke amasimu entende kawoyela atholakala e-Afrika, eLatin America nase-Asia. Izihlahla zifinyelela ekuvuthweni eminyakeni emithathu futhi zinikeze izithelo iminyaka engama-35. Ukuze imbewu yembewu ivuthwe ngokushesha, bazitshale ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo - ikuvumela ukuthi unciphise isikhathi segciwane kuze kube izinsuku eziyi-100. Ama-saplings ahlala ezitsheni cishe ezinyangeni ezi-5 kuze kube yilapho amaqabunga avele kuwo. Ngemuva kwalokho, bathuthela enkulisa, lapho bahlala khona unyaka wonke, ngaphambi kokusondela kumaqabunga angu-15. Ngemuva kwalokho, izithombo zitshalwe emhlabathini ovulekile.
Izihlahla zesundu zamafutha zifuna kakhulu ezimweni eziseduze kwezihlahla. Bayakuthanda ukufudumala futhi badinga amanzi amaningi, ngakho-ke inhlabathi kufanele iphuthe umswakama kahle. Emahlangothini avame ukuvela amagundane angcolisa izihlahla. Ukuze ubasuse, insimu izovunyelwa izikhova ezibamba ngentshiseko izilokazane futhi zivikele amasimu. Inzuzo yale ndlela yokuvikela izihlahla ukuthi ayilimazi imvelo. Ukusetshenziswa kwamakhemikhali kungadala izinkinga ezengeziwe kunokuxazululwa.
Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi amahlathi avame ukugawulwa ekwakhiweni kwamahlathi ama-oyela. Le yinkinga enkulu, ngoba lapho abantu bephuca izilwane zemvelo, okuholela ekuqothulweni kwabo.
Ukukhiqizwa kawoyela wesundu
Ngenxa yemishini yanamuhla, ukukhiqizwa kwamafutha esundu kwenzeka cishe kwalethwa ezenzakalelayo. Ubuchwepheshe bezokukhiqiza bungahlukaniswa ngezigaba eziyi-8:- Ukuthola izithelo ezintsha, okuthi kungakapheli amahora angama-24 ngemuva kokuqoqwa kuthunyelwe esitshalweni ukuze kuqhutshekwe nakanyeliswa;
- Inzalo, lapho izithelo zihlanzwa khona udoti nezinambuzane. Ngokusebenzisa inzalo, umusi osheshe usetshenziselwe, okuthi, ngaphezu kwalokho, kusiza ukukhishwa kwamafutha ezithelo;
- Isikhunta, lapho kuphela izithelo ezivuthiwe ezabelwe inqwaba eqoqiwe;
- Ukugaya, kwinqubo lapho izithelo zisebenza khona. Lokhu kuyadingeka ukuze uwoyela usheshe futhi kube lula ukudedelwa kumaseli wezitshalo;
- Ukucindezela lapho izithelo zivela khona zibe ngaphansi kwengcindezi ephezulu futhi zikhulule uwoyela;
- I-Flushing, lapho uwoyela uxutshwe namanzi ahlanzekile futhi ukhululwa ekungcoleni okuncibilikayo kwamanzi. Ngemuva kwalokho, le ngxube ithunyelwa ohlukanisi lwe-centrifugal, lapho amanzi ahlukaniswa khona namafutha. Ngenxa yalokhu, kutholwa uwoyela wesundu ovuthiwe, ongathathwa njengomkhiqizo ozimele;
- Kepha kusekhona isigaba sokucwengisisa, okungukuthi, ukuhlanza ekungcoleni okungadingekile. Kulokhu, kusetshenziswa ama-superheated amabili, ngemuva kwalokho ama-oyela ahlanganiswe futhi acutshungulwa ngokwezimo ze-vacuum;
- Izingxenyana - imvamisa isigaba sokugcina sokwelashwa kwamafutha ePalm. Ngale nqubo, uwoyela uthola uketshezi noma ukwakheka okuqinile.
Njengoba kungabonakala, ukukhiqizwa kwamafutha esundu kuyinqubo eyinkimbinkimbi, kodwa ezenzakalelayo. Ngemuva kwazo zonke lezi zigaba, ingasetshenziswa ekwenziweni kokudla. Ngendlela yayo emsulwa, uwoyela wesundu unombala obomvu we-orange, futhi iphunga nokunambitheka kuyafana nesithelo sentende kawoyela.
Funda futhi: Yiziphi izibungu ezingadliwa ngokusemthethweni?
Ukwakheka kwamafutha esundu
Amafutha esundu anamafutha ayi-100%. Amafutha aphambili angama-Palmitic, Oleic, Linoleic and Stearic acid. Kokunye isipuni samafutha wangempela esundu aqukethe:
- 114 amakhalori;
- 14 amagremu amafutha;
- I-11% yesilinganiso sansuku zonke se-Vitamin E, esidingekayo ukuvikela amaseli, amaprotheni ne-DNA.
Amafutha esundu ngamanani amakhulu aqukethe amaswidi, ukhilimu, imajarini, amakhukhi, ukudla okusemathinini nokudla kwengane. Ngokusho kwe-WWF ka-2020, uwoyela wesundu uyakuthenga ngenkuthalo izinkampani ezifana ne-pepsico, i-Nestle, uMcDonalds kanye neColgate-Palmolive. Lokhu kusho ukuthi futhi kuyingxenye yeziphuzo zekhabhoni, ukudla okusheshayo nokuhlanzeka komuntu. Ukuthandwa okukhulu kwamafutha esundu kuhlotshaniswa ne-ashibhile yayo eshibhile.
Ngesikhathi sokucwaninga kwesayensi, ososayensi bakwazile ukufakazela ukuthi uwoyela wesundu kungaletha emzimbeni womuntu. Izinto eziqukethwe kuzo zinomphumela omuhle empilweni yobuchopho. Lapho ososayensi babutha iqembu labantu abangu-120 futhi labahlukanisa baba ngamaqembu amabili. Indawo yokuqala etholakele, kanti owesibili yizakhi zamafutha esundu. Kamuva, kwavela ukuthi abantu abavela eqenjini lesibili babelokhu bebona ukulimala kobuchopho. Ngokusekelwe kulokhu, ososayensi baphetha ngokuthi uwoyela wesundu uvikela inkumbulo eyehlayo yobudala.
Kepha phakathi kwezinye izifundo, ososayensi bafinyelela esiphethweni sokuthi uwoyela wesundu useyingozi emzimbeni womuntu. Lapho sebebonile ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwayo kuholela ekwandeni kwe-cholesterol, okungaholela ezifweni zenhliziyo. Inabungozi kakhulu uwoyela wesundu ovuthayo, ngoba kuyimbangela yama-deposits ngaphakathi kwemithambo yegazi.
Uma unentshisekelo kwizindaba zesayensi nezobuchwepheshe, bhalisela isiteshi sethu ku-yandex.dzen. Lapho uzothola izinto zokwakha ezingashicilelwa esizeni!
Ngokuvamile, uma usho amafushane, uwoyela wesundu uthintwe kahle ebuchosheni futhi kubi enhliziyweni. Kepha akudingekile ukuphetha ngokuthi uwoyela wesundu mubi. Lapho kufuthelwa ngaphezulu kwama-degree angama-200, noma yimaphi amanoni ayaba yingozi. Uma usebenzisa noma yimuphi umkhiqizo, kubalulekile ukubheka isilinganiso bese kwenzeka lutho olubi. Okwamanje, iWorld Health Organisation ayivezi amafutha e-Palm kwimikhiqizo eyingozi. Noma ngabe kunalokho - ochwepheshe babika ukuthi ngumthombo wemifino ocebile kakhulu wamavithamini a .. leli qiniso kufanele linake ama-vegans engiwabhale ngale ndaba.