ELake Baikal, iBaikal-GVD Telescope yatholwa ngokuxoshwa kwe-Neutrino. Ngakho izinhlayiya ezakhiwe ngesikhathi sokuphendula kwenukliya futhi zinamandla okungena ngisho nasezintweni eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Isibonelo, uNeutrino ungadlula engxenyeni yobukhulu be-hydrogen ewuketshezi eminyakeni eyinkulungwane yokukhanya. Lezi zinhlayiya zifinyelela emhlabathini ezingxenyeni ezihlukene zendawo yonke futhi zingasho okuningi ngesakhiwo nokuvela kwesikhala. Kodwa-ke, lezi zinhlayiya zimbalwa kakhulu futhi zibambe ososayensi abasebenzisa ungqimba oluwugqinsi lweqhwa, nendawo enkulu kakhulu. Dala futhi ugcine ichibi elikhulu ngokuqondile ngomsebenzi we-telescope libiza kakhulu, ngakho-ke ososayensi basebenzise ama-reservors wemvelo. Sitshela ukuthi iBaikal-GVD Telescope isebenza kanjani nokuthi kungani idingeka. Njengokuhlala kungukuthi - kuphela into ebaluleke kakhulu okudingeka uyazi.
Siyini isibonakudelongo seBaikal-GVD?
Ukwakhiwa kwesibonakude seBaikal-GVD kwaqala ngonyaka ka-2015 kwathi kwathatha ama-ruble ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-2,5. Idivayisi iqukethe iqoqo leziteshi ezijulile zamanzi namakhebula ensimbi anamathiselwe phansi kweBaikal. Iziteshi, okubhekiselwa kuzo njengezindawo eziqonde mpo, zibanjwa ekujuleni kwamamitha angaba ngu-20 anethanga elikhethekile. Kukhebula, amamitha ayi-15 kusuka komunye nomunye, kumiswe amamojula angama-36. Futhi, isibonakude sifaka amamojula amane we-elekthronikhi wokuhlinzekwa kwamandla, ukuqoqwa kwedatha, ukulawulwa kwesibonakubonakude neminye imisebenzi. Ngaphezu kwakho konke, kunamamojula ambalwa okuthiwa abizwa ngokuthi amamojula adingekayo ukubamba amamojula abonakalayo endaweni oyifunayo. Iziteshi zihlanganiswe zibe ngamaqembu axhumeke esikhungweni esisogwini.
Iqiniso elihehayo: Njengoba iqhwa libaluleke kakhulu ukuthi i-telescope isebenze, izokwazi ukusebenza ebusika kuphela.
Ngabe isebenza kanjani ne-neutrino tescope isebenza?
Kepha izinto eziphambili ze-telescope aziwona amamojula we-optical, kepha iqhwa ebusweni beBaikal. Idivayisi "ibamba" izinhlayiya ze-neutrino ezifika ohlangothini olubuyela emuva komhlaba. Izinhlayiya zindizela yonke indawo yonke ye-mantle, isisekelo nakwezinye izingqimba zeplanethi. Ngesinye isikhathi, iinnhlayiya elandelayo izalwa - i-meson ekhishwe. Uma ukuzalwa kwenzeka eqhweni, kukhipha imisebe ekwazi ukubamba ososayensi. Njengoba ukwazi ukuqonda, kuyaqabukela kakhulu futhi kubambe kube nzima kakhulu. Kepha uBaikal unendawo enkulu kakhulu futhi amathuba okuba u-Ulov akhulisa kaningi.
Kafushane ngokuthi i-baikal-gvd isebenza kanjani
Lesi akusona isibonakude sokuqala sokungathathi hlangothi emhlabeni - enkulu kunazo zonke itholakala endaweni ye-Antarctica futhi ibizwa nge-Icecube. Isikhathi eside wayengukuphela komuntu ongakwazi ukukhipha izinhlayiya kuphela, kodwa futhi nokuthola izixhumanisi zokubukeka kwazo. Ukunemba kokuqashelwa komthombo we-neutrino esitokisini se-Icecube kungama-degree ayi-10-15. Kepha ubukhulu be-baikal ice ubukhulu bukuvumela ukuthi wandise ukunemba okufika kuma-4 degrees. Ngaphezu kwalokho, azikho ama-microorganisms akhanyayo kanye nokufakwa kwamanzi okuqinile ku-baikal, okuthi futhi kunomthelela encazelweni enembile ethe xaxa.
I-Icecube neBaikal-GVD Telescopes izobheka izingxenye ezihlukile zesibhakabhaka bese liphelezelana. I-Baikal Telescope izobamba ama-neutrinos angena ezweni elivela esigxotsheni esiseningizimu futhi abheke i-Helvenphere esenyakatho. Futhi isibonakude e-Antarctica silungisa izinhlayiya ezihlala amaplanethi avela enyakatho futhi aqhamuka eningizimu. Ngenxa yomsebenzi ohlanganyelwe wezibonakude, ososayensi bazokwazi ukubona ngokushesha ngenani elikhulu lezinto zasezulwini. I-Baikal izobonakala ibhere elikhulu, futhi ivela e-Antarctica - amafu kaMagellan.
Bheka futhi: Kusebenza kanjani ama-neutrino?
Kungani udinga ukutadisha uNeutrino?
Ososayensi bayazethemba ukuthi uNeutrinos angandiza kusukela ekujuleni kwemithala yokuzalwa nokufa imithala futhi uphethe imininingwane ngezinqubo ezenzeka endaweni yonke eyenzeka endaweni yonke. Kunethemba lokuthi ukutadisha kwalezi zinhlayiya kuzosiza ukufunda okwengeziwe ngokuvela kwemithala nezinye izinto zesikhala. Futhi, ososayensi baseRussia banethemba lokuthi babonga uNeutrinos, bazokwazi ukubheka ijubane lezinqubo ze-thermonuclear ezenzeka ku-subboil. Kodwa-ke, empeleni akufanelekele ukulindela imiphumela esheshayo. Isipiliyoni ekusebenziseni ezinye izibonakude ezifanayo ze-telescope zibonisa ukuthi ukutholwa kwezinhlayiya kungathatha iminyaka.
Izixhumanisi ezihlokweni ezihehayo, ama-memes ahlekisayo kanye neminye imininingwane eminingi ethokozisayo ingatholwa esiteshini se-telegraph yethu. Bhalisela!
Amanye ama-telescopes angenamikhawulo nawo atholakala endaweni yeMedithera, China naseJapan. Ngokokuqala ngqa, izinhlayiya ze-neutrino zabalwa ngawo-1970s, ngosizo lwesibonakudeni sobukhulu bentaba yaseCaucasus. Kodwa-ke, ukuthola izinhlayiya ze-neutrino ezinokunemba okukhulu, kwakudingeka amanzi ahlanzekile. Kwakungenxa yalokhu ngo-1990 futhi kwanqunywa ukudala isibonakude kuBaikal. Kwabe sekuyinguqulo yokuqala, kepha manje yathola okuphelele kakhulu.