NgoJuni 22, 1941, amaNazi ahlasela i-USSR. Kwiintsuku ezimbalwa kamva, izixeko ezikhulu zokuqala zabanjwa kwintsimi ye-Ukraine yanamhlanje nakwintshona ye-Belarus. Urhulumente waseSoviet ubuye apha kuphela ekuweni ko-1944. UKiev wayephantsi kwamandla eJamani engaphezu kweminyaka emibini, i-MSK-1100 yeentsuku. Apho kwaqhubeka ukuphila, okanye endaweni yokuba baphile, abantu balapha. Abo basindayo banokuthi ngenkalipho bathi basinda esihogweni.
Kulawulo
Ukususela ekuqaleni kwemfazwe evela e-USSR, ubunkokheli bamaNazi bagqiba kwelokuba bahlule imimandla ebanjiweyo ibe ziinxalenye ezithile: iHungary kunye neRomania), eyesithathu yahlulwe yaba yiRegiksoomariats, ilawulwa ngabantu abangama-Hitler. IHungary ifumene iTranscarpathia, kunye neRomanians - iBukovina, iBessarabia kunye ne "thynista" (kunye neziko e-Odessa).
I-Polish Irhuluneli Guqula yahlulwe yaba zizithili, walawulwa nguHans Frank. Emva kwempuma, uHitler wenza i-reikhskysariat ezimbini "iUkraine" kunye "ne-Ostlata". Icelwe ukwenziwa uvavanyo lwe-moscow, kodwa ukuza kuthi ga ngoku umgca wangaphambili udlulile apho, le ndawo yayilawulwa yi-Wezmmacht Jikelele.
Iindawo zokuhlala, amapolisa asekwa, apho bazama ukuqesha abameli bendawo, kodwa abameli be-Wezmacht okanye baseGestapo babejongwa. Izixeko zanyulwa bubormistra.
Kwiindawo ezinkulu, ukwahlulahlulahlulo kwabanjwa-ukupheliswa kwendawo yokuhlala. Ukuba amaYuda ayehlala esixekweni, i-ghetto yadalwa kufutshane nemveliso. Iindawo ezikhululekile zanikwa ulawulo lwasekhaya. Esi sixeko sasidale iinkampu zamabanjwa emfazwe, iinkampu zoxinaniso, nakwiPoland nayo "nezamashishini lokufa" - indawo yokutshatyalaliswa kwamaYuda.
Izicwangciso zomhlaba ohlaliweyo
Kwanangaphambi kokuqala kwemfazwe, ukuphuculwa kwesicwangciso se "OST" saqala. Yayingamalungiselelo akhe awaba sisiseko seenkokeli zeimviwo zeReikhsky kunye nezinye iindawo ezihlala kwimpuma yeYurophu. Nazi ezona zikhundla ziphambili zesicwangciso solawulo samandla abathinjiweyo:
- EYurophu, kufuneka wenze "iodolo entsha", isiseko sayo eya kuba ngumgaqo we-radia ephakamileyo, uCardan.
- AmaJamani afanele azikhulule "indawo yokuhlala" ngokutshabalalisa kunye nokufakelwa "kohlanga olusezantsi", okokuqala zonke iiSlavs.
- AmaYuda kufuneka atshatyalaliswe ngokupheleleyo. Kulu xwebhu, oku kurekhodwa 'njengesigqibo sokugqibela sombuzo wamaYuda. "
- Abemi basekhaya abaseleyo kufuneka basebenze amaJamani: ukuba basebenze kwiifektri, bakhulisa iimveliso zezolimo, ukuba basebenze amaJamani.
- I-Propaganda phakathi kwenani lendawo eseleyo yezimvo zaseNazi. Inxalenye yengingqi kamva inokushiywa njengabaphathi.
Ngelixa imfazwe yaqhubeka, amaNazi afumana abantu ukuba basebenze eJamani. Inyani yile yokuba ngenxa yokuqhubela phambili ngokusisigxina kwifektri kunye namanye amashishini, iJamani abangenazindlu. Ukususela ngo-1942, ukusuka eUkraine neBelaris, bathumela ngaphandle abantu ababesebenza kwiimeko ezingapheliyo ukuze bakwazi ukutya, enyanisweni, ngelungelo lokuhlala bephila. Abantu abanjalo bafumana igama elithi "Ostarabeati" - abasebenzi abavela eMpuma. Lilonke, bangaphezulu kwezigidi ezi-5 abantu abasuse kumhlaba we-USSR.
Uxwebhu lwesibini olubalulekileyo lokulawula imimandla ebanjiweyo sisicwangciso seBakka. Walungiselela izinto ezimbini ezibalulekileyo:
- Ukuhluthwa kwabemi bokutya bendawo ukuze amaJamani ahlala enokutya. Inyani yile yokuba kwiinyanga ezidlulileyo zeMfazwe Yehlabathi II, indlala yaqala eJamani. Ngoku amaNazi ayefuna ukuzikhusela kwimeko yemfazwe ebonakalayo.
- Ukusetyenziswa kwendlala njengesixhobo soyikiso kunye nokuncitshiswa kwabemi. Kwakucwangcisiwe ukuba abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-20 kufuneka bafe kwindlala. Ngokwahlukileyo, kwacaciswa ukuba amaRussia ayeqhele intlupheko, ukunganyangeki kwindlala, ngenxa yoko akunakwenzeka ukuba "kungavumeli nayiphi na imfumba yenkohliso."
Kwamanye amaxwebhu, amaxabiso okusebenzisa amiselwa kwiintlanga ezahlukeneyo.
Ulwaphulo-mthetho kunye nesohlwayo
Umgaqo osisiseko wokuba abantu balapha babe ukuthobeka. Kungenxa yoko le nto amaJamani azama ukohlwaya ngokungqongqo kwimigaqo yaseJamani. Amagosa ayenamandla amakhulu, rhoqo ubomi bomntu unokuxhomekeka kwimozulu yakhe kwaye uvelwano.
Ukufika ekhaya kwaziswa, ukuvalwa kokusetyenziswa kweevenkile, kwiindawo zokuphumla, amaqula, njl. Ukusasaza amahemuhemu amaxoki, ukunyelisa kulawulo lwaseJamani, ukuhlasela ulawulo lwaseJamani- konke oku kohlwaywa ngesigwebo sentambo. Rhoqo abantu baxhonywa kwiindawo zikawonke-wonke ukubangela uloyiko phakathi kwabantu bendawo.
Kwakhona, amaNazi aqhelisela "izohlwayo" ezihlanganisiweyo ". NgoMatshi 22, 1943, ilali yaseKattyn yatshiswa ngoncedo lwabantu baseSoviet, kwintsimi ye-Belasus yanamhlanje. Bali-149 abantu basweleke. Ngokutsho kwembali iqikelela, ngaphezulu kwe-600 indawo yokuhlala nabantu bendawo yatshabalaliswa e-USSR.
Ukuzonwabisa
AmaNazi azamile ukudala iintlobo ezininzi zokuzihlaziya kwendawo, ikakhulu ukuze bomeleze eyabo i-propaganda. Kwizixeko ezikhulu, ii-cunemas zavulwa apho kuvulwa ukuba uqhakazwe kwamaNazi. Iincwadi zapapashwa, iinguqulelo zeenkokeli zaseNazi ngesiRashiya.
Abantu banyanzeliswa ukuba bathenge amaphephandaba amaNazi, ethi kwizixeko ezininzi zapapashwa ngeelwimi zaseKhaya: ukusuka kwi-iUkraine ukuya eTatar. Phakathi kwamajoni aseJamani nawo apasisela umsebenzi wobuxoki kangangokuba kwiimeko zomsebenzi abaze bavele imvakalelo yobumnene wabemi balapha.
Kwangelo xesha, abantu babezama ukufumana amaphephandaba amaphepha aphantsi komhlaba okanye bafumana isikhululo sikanomathotholo seSoviet emoyeni. Izenzo ezinjalo zasohlwaywa kunye nesigwebo sentambo.
Ukusinda
Ukusinda kwiimeko zomsebenzi, kwakuyimfuneko ukusebenza. Abantu babekulungele nawuphi na umsebenzi, nje ukufumana amaJamani okungenani iindidi zemishini. Kodwa kaninzi abantu baseCherry. Ndiza kumnika umzekelo kwimimandla yasePoland. Abantu bahamba besiya emsebenzini kwizityalo, kodwa kwangaxeshanye bazama ukusebenza ngesantya esisezantsi. Ukufumana ukuthandwa kwesiqubulo esithi "Sebenza kancinci!", Ngenxa yoko, abantu babefuna ukwenzakalisa uqoqosho lwaseJamani. Endongeni kwaye oomatshini batsalela i-turtle, eye yaba luphawu lwale ntshukumo.
Abanye abantu baya kunxibelelana nolawulo lwaseJamani. Kodwa kufanelekile ukukhumbula ukuba intsebenziswano yayihlukile: Abanye baqhubeka nemisebenzi yabo yokufundisa emsebenzini, abanye baya emapoliseni okanye bathathe inxaxheba kumaYuda. Ukuba le yokugqibela ayixhomekeki kwizizathu, emva koko ke eyokuqala inokuqondwa.
Asingabo bonke abantu ababekulungele ukuya kwizinto zawo, bengaziveli nje ekufeni, kodwa izalamane zabo. Kwimeko "yesihogo samaNazi" wonke umntu wayefuna ukuphila. Lilonke, kule minyaka ingama-13 yezigidi ezingama-684 amawaka abantu base-692 bafa kumhlaba we-USSR.