Siphila kwixesha lokutshintsha okukhulu, kunzima ukutsho oko baya kukhokelela kuyo, kodwa kubaluleke kakhulu ukugcina inzala kunye nokubonisa inzala yakho kubudlelwane bezehlo. Kumashumi ambalwa eminyaka eyadlulayo, fihla okanye ubeke iinyani, phantse ayinakwenzeka ukuba uyenze ngexesha le-Intanethi. Izolo, umabalo-mas 'chronolos "uqalile, i-chrononolowoya ekhokelayo yemicimbi yoqhankqalazo ye-2020 - elinye lamaphepha abalulekileyo kwimbali ye-Belaria yanamhlanje. Ngokutsho kwababhali beprojekthi, wonke umntu uya kuba nakho ukongeza amabali abo kunye nezixhobo zawo zejeli apho, kwaye iqonga liyamenywa ukuba lenze isiseko seNcwadi entsha yeBelarus.
Ukuthetha nombhali-mbali, utitshala weziko lembali yoluntu yeKholeji yaseYurophu yeNdawo yeLizwerus eBelarus, e-Alexey Rabotnikin malunga nendlela enokuthi yenziwe ngayo iteknoloji ye-Belarus entsha.
Malunga neencwadi ze-smart zekamva
-Yintoni incwadi yembali yeBelarus ngoku kwaye inokuguqula njani?
Iincwadi zesikhokelo zembali yaseBelarus ukuqala nge-1990 ngokuphindaphindiweyo, zazisa ibali "laseburhulumenteni". Inani lezihloko ezininzi ziphantsi kolwakhiwo lwezopolitiko kunye nolawulo.
Sele, iincwadi zezifundo kwamanye amazwe zidityaniswe nendawo yedijithali. Okokuqala, kukho izibonelelo ezihambelana nomxholo weencwadi zezifundo (ukufikelela kwi-Intanethi kwividiyo, ifoto, ukuya kwi "Imithombo ephambili", ogciniweyo). Okwesibini, iinguqulelo zeencwadi zezifundo zezixhobo zefowuni ziyenziwa ngokuthe ngcembe. Okwesithathu, iincwadi zezifundo zipapashwa kwangoko kwi-intanethi, kunye nee-hyperlinks kwisicatshulwa, njl njl.
Ukukhangela i-tutorials kunye ne-belarus ziyatshintsha. Baba yinto ebonakalayo ebonakalayo, ubume butshayisiwe ngokuthe ngcembe, ngale ndlela, le ncwadi iba ngumsebenzisi ngakumbi.
Kodwa kukho imibuzo yokugcwalisa kunye nokuhlengahlengisa iincwadi zesikhokelo esisiseko sedijithali: Ngubani onokubakho umxholo wabo, ngaba zikho iingxoxo zikawonke-wonke malunga noku kwaye, ukuba oku kuyahamba kunye nolwazi lweencwadi?
Ngokuphathelele iincwadi zezifundo ezizayo, kubalulekile ukuba iveze imbali yobomi bemihla ngemihla, kwaye kungekuphela nje kwezopolitiko kunye neenkokheli, ibali lamaziko orhulumente noluntu lonke, amaqela ayo ahlukeneyo. Kumele ukuba kubekho iindlela ezininzi zokwenza isimo sengqondo esibalulekileyo kwindalo, amandla okubona iingxaki kwaye baxoxe ngazo.
- Yintoni ekufuneka inomdla kwincwadi yembali yokusebenzisana?
-Iincwadana zembali yedijithali kunye neyesebenzisana ubuncinci akufuneki zidikeze. Kwaye asithethi malunga nembali yembali okanye iziqhulo. Incwadi enjalo kufuneka ikunike i-adventure yengqondo, uhlobo lokuhamba, indlela ukusuka ekusweleni izimvo malunga nokuqulunqwa kwabo kunye nokubakho kokutolika kwabo. Le ncwadana inokuba lilungelo lokushicilela- kufuneka siqonde ukuba ngubani umbhali okanye ababhali, ziziphi iimbono kunye nemilinganiselo yazo yokuba kufunelwa le ncwadi.
Ifumene ukulalanisa phakathi kwenkcazo yemixholo kunye nokutolikwa kwento yethiyori, kwelinye icala, kunye nebali malunga namabali abucala afakwe kwibali elininzi elibandakanyiweyo kwibali elininzi elibandakanyiweyo kwibali eliphezulu. Ibali ngalinye lobuqu kufuneka lifayilishwe njengembali yoluntu.
Kufuneka uboniswe zozibini iindlela zezopolitiko zamaxesha ahlukeneyo kunye nokuphendula kubo abantu, impembelelo yomntu kwimbali, oko kukuthi, indibaniselwano ye-Macro kunye ne-MACOTTAIA iyadalwa. Izinto ezininzi ezibonakalayo kunye nohlalutyo lwamkelwa. Kwincwadi yesikhokelo yohlobo olutsha ekufuneka ulibonakalisi nje kuphela ibali, kodwa nendlela kwaye ukuba kutheni kubhaliwe.
Incwadi yokufunda idityaniswe kwindalo yedijithali, inembethelelo kwizixhobo ezahlukeneyo.
Mhlawumbi le ncwadi iza kubandakanya izinto zencoko ye-TICA (unxibelelwano namangqina eziganeko, ezobuntu owaziwayo), kufuneka ancede ukukhangela ulwazi oluza kwandisa ulwazi ukuba kukho imvume. Kwaye le ncwadi ayifanelanga ukuba inyanzelise nayiphi na inguqulelo enye yeziganeko, kufuneka ixoxe ngemibandela yokuba kutheni eluntwini ikhetha ukutolikwa kwexesha elidlulileyo.
Kwincwadi yesifundo, kubalulekile ukuba sithethe ngendlela esinokubaphembelela ngayo ubomi bezopolitiko kunye, kodwa singenise umdla wabo kwezopolitiko nakwezinye iindawo, zilawule iingxabano. Malunga nendima yomntu omncinci kwibali lethu eliqhelekileyo
-Yintoni indima yamabali abucala kumfanekiso opheleleyo wento eyenzekayo?
Kwanakuqala ngo-1990s, xa kuqalile ukutshintsha kwembali eBelarus, izimvo zavakaliswa malunga nendlela ebaluleke ngayo indlela ebaluleke ngayo kwi-anthropological kwaye ixelele ngomntu kwimbali. Kodwa ukususela kubomi bamangqina (amangqina okuzibonela) zeziganeko zembali kuphazamisa inkqubo yosasazo lokusasaza, kwaye siyalibala izinto ezibalulekileyo. Namhlanje, abantu abaninzi bacinga ngendlela, umzekelo, ukumela imicimbi ebalulekileyo yenkulungwane yamashumi amabini, ukuba unxibelelana nabantu bexesha elizayo.
Ukususela ngo-2000s, imbali emininzi "yomlomo" yaqala ukunikela ingqalelo enkulu kwimbali "yomlomo", ukulungisa amabali abucala kwabo basindayo kwimfazwe yesibini yehlabathi, ngokuqokelelwa, i-stalinism, i-strolism, ngenxa yentlekele , njl njl la mabali abucala arekhodwa, ahlalutywa kwaye yenye indlela yokwakhelwa kwakhona amava amava athe ngqo kwiziganeko zembali. Kukho iiprojekthi ezirekhoda amava okufumana imicimbi yezopolitiko ye-2020.
-Izi nkcukacha zinjalo kwimeko yencwadi yesifundo?
-Mabali abucala abalulekile kuba ngamava abameli bamaqela ahlukeneyo ezentlalo kunye nengeniso engalinganiyo kunye nenqanaba, kunye neembono zabo kunye nezimvo zabo. La mabali enze ibali elinye: kwelinye icala, sinokufuna ukudala ibali malunga nomzabalazo wedemokhrasi, kwelinye - ngamabali aphambili, sifumana iingxoxo-mpikiswano kwi Indlela idemokhrasi ngayo eBelasus.
Kwaye ngala mabali, sizivula ngokwaso into esiyiyo: Apho uvela phi ugonyamelo kwindlela esisabela ngayo kuyo, kwaye yintoni engakulungelanga ukuya. Kwixa elizayo, kwiincwadi zethu, ndingathanda ukubona izinto ezivela kudliwano-ndlebe malunga nembali yembali: La babungqina bubalulekileyo. Enye into ukuba ngoku abathathi-nxaxheba ngqo kunye nabathathi-nxaxheba banokuthi baxele ngento eyenzekayo, ngakumbi ukuba yayingamava obundlobongela. Ibali elinjalo linokukhokelela ekuziseleni umntu, ufuna umsebenzi odibeneyo wababhali-mbali kunye noochwephesha.
Malunga nokuba kutheni ibali lesizwe libalulekile
- Ibali liba sisixhobo ngokulula kwisixhobo se-propaganda. Ngaba kunokwenzeka ukuba uphephe oku kwaye njani?
-Inyameko, imbali ihlala isetyenziselwa ukuhambisa ipolitiki yoluntu. Ukunciphisa isiphumo sengxoxo enye okanye enye impikiswano, imfundo iyimfuneko kwaye umkhwa wokucinga ngokunzulu. Udinga ukufikelela kweminye imithombo yolwazi kunye nobuchule kunye nabo. Kuyimfuneko ukuqwalasela ukuguqula njengenxalenye yenkqubo yenkqubo, ukuqonda imeko ngokubanzi (kodwa ukungazibandakanyi ekuyeleni).
- Yeyiphi indima edlalayo?
- Itekhnoloji ngokwayo sisixhobo nje. Kodwa ngenxa yophuhliso lwabo namhlanje, sinethuba lokubona amabali akhuphisana. Ngexesha elidlulileyo inani leeprojekthi zedijithali zivele zinikela ingqalelo eyahlukileyo ibali lethu:
Iqonga elibonisa iLifa leMveli yamaYuda eBelarus, nabanye.
Iitekhnoloji zibonelela ngokufikelela kwangoko koku okanye olo lwazi, nangona kukho umbuzo wolungelelwaniso kunye nokuthotyelwa kweenqobo zokuhlalutya ulwazi lwembali.
Umzekelo, uninzi luhlala lujonga i-Wikipedia, elingumzekelo wokuvuselela ulwazi olugqwesileyo (wonke umntu wenzalo kwityala ngokubanzi). Uninzi lwababhali be-Wikipedia ayisiyombali, umda phakathi kolwazi oluqhelekileyo noluchwephesha lubekwe kulo, nangona kukho iindlela ezithile ezixhasa ukuthatha inxaxheba kumhleli kwaye ziphikisana ngomxholo .
-Ngaba kunokwenzeka ukuba ujongane neziganeko ezenzeka ngoku?
Ewe, oku kujonga kunokwenzeka, kwaye sele kukho iimpapasho ezininzi (eBelarus kwaye zikwi-pherus), apho kunikezelwa khona okanye olunye utoliko lwemisitho yanamhlanje. Yintoni ephikisayo? Ngaba iziganeko ze-2020 "inguququ", kubandakanya "i-poscolonion", yimalini imicimbi ekhoyo i-ajenda yobuqhetseba, ithini imo yoqhanqalazo, njengoko kusetyenziswa imbali kunye ne-propaganda yombuso, Ngaba singasicacisa ubundlobongela besizwe ngamava amava e-strolism, xa sihlalutya, amava oqhanqani kwiminyaka edlulileyo, njengoko senzekile, apho sivela khona.
-3 namhlanje ungaziva ukuba abantu baseBelarous bomelezwe kuqhanqalazo njengohlanga. Yintoni imbali yesizwe?
- Eli libali malunga noluntu lwangaphambili okanye ilizwe, elinamagorha lawo kunye nezinto zabo ezibalulekileyo. Olu luhlobo lwentsomi yesiseko sesizwe, isazisi selizwe, ngokwakho okwahlukileyo, njl.
Ekuqaleni, owona msebenzi uphambili webali likazwelonke yayisiqinisekiso selungelo lesizwe ekuzimiseleni nasekuzimiseleni, ilungelo lobukho bamazwe esizwe. Emva kwenkangeleko yakhe kwinkulungwane ye-Xix, ingxelo kazwelonke yayihlala iyimbali yokubandezeleka kwesizwe kunye nomzabalazo.
-Ngaba nefom yesizwe namhlanje?
- Kwinkulungwane ye-XXI, abaninzi bagxeka iindlela zesizwe zebali lesizwe. Namhlanje, kubandakanya amabali amaqela ahlukeneyo ezentlalo, awayephantse akhankanywe ngaphambili.
Kule nto, kwabakho ukucingisisa ngakumbi kwaye bambalwa abaphantsi ngokwabo. Ingxelo kazwelonke ijika ngokuthe ngcembe ukusuka ekuzithobeni nasekulahlekelweni kwamacala embali yembali yesizwe ngohlobo lwengxoxo malunga noluntu lwangaphambili.
Le nkqubo inamandla: ihlala isokola ipolitiki malunga nokuba kufanele ukuba ibe yingxelo yesizwe, ekufuneka ibandakanywe kuyo, kwaye ungayikhupheli kuyo, ukuya kuthi ga njengoko ingabahlali ibaluleke ngokwakho.
Itshaneli yethu kwi-telegraph. Ngena ngoku!
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