Phantsi kokuhleka kwe-illich. I-Bolsheviks ingcwatywe ithemba labantu enkululekweni
NgoJanuwari 18, 1918, i-bolshevings phantsi koMpu wemipu kunye nemipu yayingaphezulu kwendibano yemigaqo-esemthethweni, yomzimba onyuliweyo welizwe, ngaloo ndlela ibeka i-Ground yeMfazwe yegazi kunye neyona nto ibalulekileyo ebantwini ubuzwilakhe.
Emva kokuwa kwe-autraccy, abantu baseRussia babonakala befumana ithuba lokwenyani lokumisela isixhobo sexesha elizayo. Olona lwazi lubalaseleyo lwelizwe kufuneka luhlanganisene kwikomkhulu kwindibano yolawulo kunye nokubonisa ukuthanda kwabantu. I-bolsheviks ukusuka ekuqaleni uphantsi le mbono inyathela. ULenin wabizwa ngokuba kukubhangiswa kwendibano ye "jaderal jade", kodwa olu luvo lwaluthandwa kakhulu eluntwini kwaye kwakuthathwa emkhosini ngoNovemba 17, iiBolsheviks azikwazanga ukugxotha nje. ULenin kwafuneka adlale inkululeko.
Unyulo, njengoko lucwangcisiweyo, lwenzeka ekuqaleni kwe-17 kaNovemba. Iziphumo zabo zibiwe iBolsheviks: Inombolo enkulu yeevoti ifumene itheko lohlaziyo lontlalontle (oonontlalontle). Inani elikhulu leevoti (ngakumbi kwi-St. Petersburg naseMoscow) ifumene itheko ledemokhrasi yomgaqo-siseko Ke ii-bolsheviks zibhekiswa kugonyamelo, zibamba nje kwiCongress ngo-Novemba 28, 1917 ePettrograd abathunywa abanyuliweyo abanyuliweyo. Ngemini enye, imicimbi yeLenin ikhupha umthetho kwitheko leCadets, njengomntu oguqukayo kunye ne-bourgeois, iinkokeli zale phathi uSperingv noKokoshkin babanjiwe.
I-bolsheviks yodluliselwa umhla wokubhangiswa kwendibano yolawulo lwe-18 kaJanuwari kwaye imise imigaqo yabo ngokuziphatha kwawo. Bajikeleza isakhiwo sebhotwe leTaide, apho intlanganiso yayiqhutywa khona, imikhosi, kwaye ebhotwe, oomatiloshe abaxhonywe yiBolshevik Zheleznyov ezijikeleze iholo. Abathunywa bentlanganiso bayenza iye kwiholo ngamajoni amathathu e-cordon nabahamba ngeenqanawa abangafihli intiyo yabo 'kwinkoliso ". Ilungelo lokuvula intlanganiso linikezelwe komnye wabathuli bohlaziyo oludala ohlonelwayo kwitheko le-Ecom. Kodwa akavunyelwe ukuba athethe kwaye amazwi aphantsi kwe-book yeBolsheviks aqhutywa kwiRostrum. Intlanganiso ivula usihlalo weBolshevik Vzika Yakorlov. Ucebise ukuba iqokelelwe isamkele ukubhengezwa kweBolshevik yamalungelo kunye namalungelo abantu, ekwangokubhengeza iRussia yiRiphabhlikhi yamaBhunga, oko kukuthi, kuvunyelwe ukubakho kobuqhinga. Emva kokuba abathunywa balile ukuqwalasela esi sibhengezo - i-Ultimatum (237 votis ngokuchasene ne-146), iBolsheviks ishiya ibhotwe lendibano kunye neentshaba zabantu kunye nenguqulelo ye-charlionary.
Ngovuyo uLenin wavuma ukuba angayikhawuleze intlanganiso kwangoko, kodwa ukundivumela ukuba ndibhatale kancinane, ukuba ndibakhulule ebhotwe, kodwa ngemini elandelayo ayikho ngexesha. Ngokomgaqo, inkokeli ye-proletariat yayingathi kukho ukuba akhona "oomatiloshe aza kuyenza" bourgeois kunye neentshaba zabantu, "bayabuza okanye bambulale kancinci e-Illich.
Ingqokelela yalibaziseka phakathi kobusuku. Ekugqibeleni, intloko yeBolshevik karaul yase-Aoros Zheleznyakov ngentsimbi yesi-5 ekuseni isuka eSihlalo kwintlanganiso ye-Esra Chernov ukucoca igumbi lentlanganiso ngamagama "i-karauli idiniwe". Ngemini elandelayo, iingcango zebhotwe leThairial zivaliwe, kwaye iiNdawo zeeNdlela zivalela ukhuseleko, ezixhobileyo ngemipu kunye nemipu emibini yokukhanya.
NgoJanuwari 19, ummiselo wokupheliswa kwendibano yemiboniso upapashiwe, ethi: "Imibhiyozo yebhanki, oonongxowankulu kunye neendlela zedola yaseMelika, amachiza ngenxa ye-engile, i I-EARTS ye-Ekunene ye-Wing ziyafuneka. Ukudibana kwabo bonke abasemagunyeni kunye nabanini bayo - iintshaba zabantu.
Ngamazwi, ngokungathi ujoyina iimfuno ze-FLK: Umhlaba, uxolo nolawulo, enyanisweni, enyanisweni, enyanisweni, engqondweni i-loop entanyeni yentlalo kunye nenguqu.
Kodwa abasebenzi, abasebenzi kunye namajoni awayi kufika kwintsebenzo yobuxoki yezona ntsuba zentlalontle, egameni leRiphabhlikhi yeSovist kunye neRiphabhlikhi yeSoviet, baya kutyhila bonke ababulali. "Ngapha koko yayingumnxeba ocacileyo kwintshabalalo yawo onke amazwi anorhulumente we-soviet.
ESt. Petersburg naseMoscow kwezi ntsuku ngamawaka emiboniso yoxolo yokuxhasa indibano ecacileyo, ethi iBolshevisk ayikhawulezisa amandla okwenza izixhobo. Le yindlela ukudubula komboniso 'weentshaba zabantu "kuchaza umbhali wase-protali kwiphephandaba" Libomi obutsha ":
"Nge-5 kaJanuwari (kodwa isitayile esitsha se-1818, i-Petersburg ye-petersburg i-Petersburg - ibonakale ngoxolo ngokuhlonipha loo mboniso we-5 kaJanuwari yayilungelelaniswe ngu I-Bourgeois, iibhanki kunye ne-t. D., kwaye "I-BORGEOIIS" ne "Kaldenins" kwibhotwe leTaire. Inyaniso iyaxoka, "wazi kakuhle ukuba" i-bourgeois "akukho nto yokuba uvuye ngenxa yokuvulwa kwendibano ye-246 yeqela elinye kunye ne-140 bolsheviks. Kuyinyani ukuba bayazi ukuba abasebenzi base-Olokivsky, ikhaphetri kunye nezinye iifektri bathatha inxaxheba ekubonakaleni, eVesileostskrovsky, i-vybosg kunye nezinye izithili zabanjwa phantsi kweebhendi zedemokhrasi zaseRussia kwibhotwe ledemokhrasi yaseRussia. Yayingabasebenzi ababedutyulwa, kwaye nokuba "inyani", akayi kuyifihla inyani ... Ke, nge-5 kaJanuwari, abasebenzi basePetrograd abayikholelwa. Badubule ngaphandle kwesilumkiso malunga nento eyayiza kudubula, idutyulwe kwi-ambushes, ngokusebenzisa izithuba zokubiyela, ngokugqobhoza, njengababulali bokwenyani. "
Omnye weenkokeli zeBolshevism Bukharin ukhumbule: "Ngobusuku bendibano yeNdibano, i-vladimir illich yandibiza ... ngayo intsasa ye-ilyling, ndacela ukuphinda intetho yokukhawulezisa kwaye ngequbuliso wahleka. Wahleka ixesha elide, waphinda amazwi ombali webali kwaye wahleka, wahleka. Ukuzonwabisa, ukubamba iinyembezi. Ukuhleka. "
Ke phantsi kokuhleka kwe "nkokeli ye-proletariat", amandla anyuliweyo ngokubhengezwa kwindibano yolawulo olucacileyo, iphupha elidala labantu ukuba aphethwe simahla. Abaxhasi bavakaliswa kwindibano yemimandla ye-Russian federatire Republic (rfdd) kwiinyanga ezimbalwa kamva baya eBolsheviks. IKomiti yamalungu eNdibano yeNgingqi (ikhosi) ivakalisa amandla ayo kumhlaba obanzi wommandla ophakathi weVolga. I-Prikyemye kunye ne-UralUrals. Kwanomkhosi wayo wabantu, obephethe ngumphathi odumileyo uVladimir kappel. Apha, eHolllyznsk kunye ne-volosk, umkhosi wabantu ongumkhosi okhokelayo ehlotyeni nasekuweni konyaka we-18 weemfazwe ezivuthiweyo ezibomvu. Kodwa imikhosi exhobileyo yeKomech yayingaphantsi kakhulu kumanani abomvu. Kwaye iinkokeli zentshukumo emhlophe kolchak kunye neDenikin zezona zibano zimiselweyo zePholekayo kwaye zinobutshaba, ezazidlala i-bolsheviks.
Xa sikhumbula iphupha elivuthayo ngabantu malunga nenkululeko kunye nendlela yentando yesikhukula yophuhliso, simele sikhumbule ukuba abantu baseRussia bangekakhe bazinyula ngokuzithandela abantu baseSoviet, kwaye nje ukuba amaKomanisi ayonke avakalise unyulo lwasimahla Baye boyiswa.