Mudo intee leeg ayuu qof xiiseeyaa jiritaanka ugu macquulsan ee nolosha Mars? Laga soo bilaabo dhamaadkii qarnigii XIX, markii telescops-ka cilmiga ah ee loo yaqaan 'Astronops' ee The Screscopes 'ee ugu horreysa ee sadarka tooska ah u eg kanaal u eg furaheeda dusha sare ee diyaaradda. Asalka dabiiciga ah ee ka soo jeedinta kanaalada ah ee ku yaal dunida sayniska qof kasta ma rumeysan yahay. Wakiilo badan oo ka mid ah sayniska, oo ka mid ah kuwa reer Parice-ka Andronomer ee Oflomler ee Oflomler ayaa si gaar ah loo kala soocay, si qalad ah loo rumeysan yahay in Mars ay ka dhigtay nidaamyada waraabka oo ay dhistay xayawaan macquul ah. Lowell ayaa kor u qaaday fikradihiisa oo uu ku dhacay dad aad u tiro badan.
Fikradaha in loo maleeyo in ay ku noolaan karaan Mars, oo lagu qabto mala-awaalka guud ee adduunka oo dhan. Wax soo saarka male-awaal ah waxay ahaayeen:
- Sheekooyin cajiib ah, maxaa yeelay hadda qorayaasha ayaa leh shirqool cusub;
- Iskuday inaad la gasho wadahadal lala yeesho Martians. Taabashada, dadku waxay soo saareen dhammaan nidaamyada, tusaale ahaan, alaarmiga khafiifka ah ee muraayadaha waaweyn, oo ay ku jiraan qaabab joomatariyada ah ee Sibemiya (dadka ayaa rumeysan in beeraha dahabka ah ee Mrsia (in ay si fiican u ogaan doonaan aaladda indhaha);
- Waxaa muuqata xitaa muuqaal badan oo muuqaal ah. Hadda telescopes-ka dusha sare ee dusha sare ee meeraha Red "oo aan ahayn" nidaamyada waraabka ", laakiin sidoo kale ku dhawaad dhammaan guryaha iyo xitaa magaalooyinka oo dhan.
Kaliya qarnigii 20aad, markii saynisyahannadu bilaabeen inay u diraan qalabyada meeraha RED, khabiiro ayaa ugu dambeyntii fahmay in "Nidaamka waraabka", oo Lowell ka hadlay - waa uun khayaali ah oo keliya. Laakiin weli waa laga sii daayay mid kale, su'aal ka muhiimsan: ma jiraan wax nolol ah oo ku taal meeraha Red, mise iyadu gabi ahaanba ma jirtay?
Qarnigii XXI ee Mars - ilaa iyo hadda meeraha ugu badan ee lagu bartay ee nidaamka qoraxda (dhulka xisaabinta ayaa la qaadanayaa). Saynisyahannadu waxay u direen robotyo badan oo ka badan jir kasta oo kale. Dunida Red ee wali waa hadafka ugu weyn ee raadinta nolosha. Waa maxay sababtu? Marka hore, maxaa yeelay tani waa adduunka ugu dhow ee noogu dhow, taas oo la soo dhaafay uu lahaado xaaladaha dhulka ku nool. Marka labaad, way fududahay in laga barto aragti farsamo oo ka badan, dheh isla Venuska oo ay aad u kulul tahay.
Waa maxay Mars hadda?
Mars waa dunida aan shit ahayn. Celceliska heerkulka halkaas -63 ° C, inkasta oo xagaagii xagaagii uu ku gaari karo + 30 ° C. Jawiga meeraha RED waa wax yar, cufnaanta ay tahay 0.7% -2% cufnaanta dhulka, oo ay ka kooban tahay 95.3% waxay ka kooban tahay kaarboon dioxide. Jawiga Martian ma awood u leeyahay inuu haysto kuleylka muddo dheer. Intaas waxaa sii dheer, meeraha waa goob daciif ah, oo aan xasilloonayn, sidaa darteed dusha sare ee Mars waxay ku dhowdahay inay difaacdo ka hor shucaaca qorraxda.
Sababo la xiriira cadaadiska jawiga hooseeya awgeed, waa 1/170 Dhulka, iyo kuleylka hooseeya ee dusha sare ee meeraha dushiisa kuma jiri karaan qaab dareere ah. Markuu Martielace Martian baraf yahay dusha sare, cadaadiska hoose awgeed, isla markiiba waa uu uumi baxayaa, wuxuu galay xaalad gaashan, oo ka gudubtay gobolka dareeraha ah.
Si kale haddii loo dhigo, nooca nolosha borotiinka ah ee ah in dareeraha dareeraha ah loo baahan yahay uma badna inuu ku sugnaado Martian Solid.
Waa maxay Mars waagii hore?
Mars had iyo jeer ma ahayn "oo aan fiicnayn". Saynisyahannada ayaa rumeysan in kuwa fog fog, meeraha REDET ee ay hantiyi jireen xudunta dhalaalay, kuwaas oo, rogrogmat, abuuris dhul magnetic ah. Goobtani waxay ka ilaalisay dusha sare ee shucaaca, mahadsanid, jawiga meeraha ayaa ahaa cufan, sababtoo ah jawiga Mars qoyaan iyo diiran, waxaa ku soo da'ay dusha sare, wabiyada dusha sarena.Raadinta ku saabsan subka biyaha dusha sare ayaa ku takhasusay ku takhasusay ka helaan Mars si joogto ah. Baadhitaanada Orbitalital iyo Rover ayaa sawiray sariiraha wejiga qalalan, dhagaxyada wabiga, canyons oo kuyaal kumanaan khad oo mugdi ah, dhul-gariir ciid ah, dooxooyin leh yams iyo ciladaha dhagaxyada.
Ma jiraa wax nolol ah oo ku taal Mars - su'aasha ku saabsan saynisyahannadii ay horay u heleen jawaabta?Baarayaasha waxay aaminsan yihiin in Mars ay lumisay "jannada quruxda" qiyaastii 3 bilyan sano ka hor. Kadib dhacdo gaar ah ayaa ka dhacday meeraha RED, sababta oo ah meesha ay ka baxday Magnetic-ka, inta badan jawiga waxaa qaaday qorraxda, biyuhuna waxay u rogmadeen deriska dushiisana u rogay oo dunidan qalalan, oo aan maanta aragno .
Ma jirtay ka hor intaan Mars la dego?
"Shaybaarka kiimikada ee giraangiraha" - xiisaha - inta lagu gudajiro shaqadeyda Mars, waxaan qaatay waxyaabo badan oo muhiim ah. Tusaale ahaan, Rover wuxuu ogaadey in dhoobada dhoobada ku taal ee ku taal buuraha buurta, oo xeryahooda dabiiciga ah laga helay. Tijaabooyinka tijaabada waxay muujiyeen in meesha robotku sahamiyey uu mar ka buuxsamo biyo aad u fara badan, laga yaabee in noolaha ku nool ay halkaas ka buuxsameen. Si kastaba ha noqotee, si aad u dhahdo hubaal, in noloshu halkan ahayd, saynisyahannadu waa inay helaan caddeyn toos ah.
Laga yaabee in barta arrintan ay dhisi doonto Adkan cusub oo NASA ah, 18ka Febraayo, wuxuu yimid meeraha RED. Robot-ka ayaa ku sudhay aagga crater ezero - oo la qalajiyey si uu u raadsado halkan raadad nololeed qadiiniin ah, oo, maadaama saynisyahannadu u malaynayaan, lagu arki karo fossils microscopic.
Mawduuca ku saabsan mowduuca: Maaddaama Nisa Rover cusub ay nolosha ka raadineyso meeraha RED
Ama waxaa laga yaabaa in nolosha halkaas ku nool tahay oo hadda la barwaaqaynayo?
Haddii Mars oo ay jirto wax nolosha micronial, markaa, ay u badan tahay, waxay ku qarinaysaa iyada oo la raacayo isku-darka loo yaqaan 'polat' ee lakabka quruxda badan, oo ah harooyinka la daweeyay, kaas oo 2018 helay wakaaladda Hay'adaha Hay'adaha Yurub (ESA) Mars Express. Moor-ka-qaade ayaa halkan u soo baxay si ay uga baxsadaan xaaladaha burburka ee dusha sare ee meeraha.Kaamirooyinka kaamaradaha, dabcan, ma qaadan karaan sawirro bakteeriyada iyo iyaga oo kale ah oo ah nooleyaal leh orbits. Sidaa darteed, saynisyahannadu waxay raadinayaan nolosha microbial-ka "caddeynta aan tooska aheyn", iyadoo gacan laga helayo bioimeduthures - raad raacyada kiimikada kiimikada ama jidhka ee hawsha muhiimka ah ee jirka.
Mid ka mid ah cilmiga bayoolajiga waa methane. Khabiiro ku takhasusay ayaa caan ah oo lagu soo saaro gaaskan: bayooloji iyo juq. Dhulka, isha dhaladka ee gaaskaan waa bitharqadaha methaningenic-ka ah ee soosaarka methae ee xiidmaha bini-aadamka, caloosha lo'da, oo ku yaal gorgor lo 'ah. Waxay sidoo kale u muuqataa hab juqraafi: xaaladaha heerkulka sare iyo cadaadiska, tusaale ahaan, inta lagu gudajiro qaraxyada foomamka ah.
Sanadkii 2019, xiisaha ayaa helay feejignaan weyn oo moleeculane-ka mether ee hawada. Si kastaba ha noqotee, Qalabka Raadinta ee Yurub-Ruumaha-Ruux-galeenka Gaaska, oo la cabiray ku dhawaad isla waqtigaas ee Rover, kama helin raad raacis kiimiko ah jawiga. Si kasta ha noqotee, haddii methane uu runtii ku jiro Mars, waxay u badan tahay inay soo saarto wax nool, maxaa yeelay meeraha RED-ga ee xilligan la soo bandhigay, sidaa darteed gaaskuna si dhib yar ayey u muuqan weyday qaar ka mid ah dusha sare Geedi socodka juqooyinka.
Dadku ma u horseedi karaan nolosha mars?
Hubaal. Tusaale ahaan, bakteeriyada dhulka qaarkood waxay ku heli karaan meeraha Red oo ay weheliso marxaladaha. Ka hor Mars, hawada-hawada ayaa hela dhowr bilood, waxaa jira sheybaar si fudud u noolaan kara safarka noocaas ah. Daraasad dhowaan la soo bandhigay, in algae-cagaaran-cagaaran, ama cyunobarcchia uu awood u leeyahay inuu ka badbaaday xaaladaha Martian.
Gumeysteyaasha ayaa khatar weyn ku noqon doona "caabuqa Mars". Haddii ay jiraan jeermis-ka-qaadid ka taxaddar ka hor inta aan la dhoofin, ka dibna jirka aadanaha, oo ay baareyso bakteeriyada, aad ayey u adag tahay. Hortagga horteeda ee gumeysiga Mars, waa inaad la timaadid habab kasta oo "jeermis-dhimis" dadka.
Haddii aan si kastaba ha ahaatee, rover ama qof ayaa isaga u keeni doona sheyganka lugta guduudan, waxaa jira yar, suuragalnimada in martida microbic ay faragalin ku sameyn karaan befaha Martian oo ay burburin karaan.
Ama waxaa laga yaabaa in nolosha dhulku ka yimaadeen Mars?
Saynisyahannadu si sax ah uma oga sida noloshu u timid dhulka. Hypothesis-ka ah ee jaban ayaa soo jeedineysa inay ka muuqato qayb ka mid ah adduunka, ka dibna tabeelayaal, meteorortes, asteroids ayaa loo keenay meeraheenna.
Haddii noloshu ay asal ahaan ka timid Mars, waxay ku tagi kartaa dhulka iyadoo gacan laga helayo microorgarininisms ee lagu wanaajiyey nooca Martian. Noocani wuxuu ka soo bixi karaa dusha sare ee Mars ee sababihii ay ka dhalatay jidh weyn, ka dib taas oo dhabar jab ku ah sheyga weyn ayaa u tuuraya taranka, ka dib goobta gabayada ee dhulka ayaa u soo jiidan laheyd meerahaan , iyo waqti ka dib waxay ku dhici doontaa dusha sare. Waa maxay suurtagalnimada dhacdadaas oo kale? Naftaada u garsoor.
Sanadkii 1996, saynisyahannadii bartay ee Martian Meteorite Alh 84001, oo dhulka ku dhacay, waxay ogaadeen qaab dhismeedka microscopic-ka ee loo yaqaan 'microscopic', oo aad u lamid ah bakteeriyada bakteeriyada ee dhulka. Si kastaba ha noqotee, in la raacsan yahay in "martida ka jiraan Mars" Meteorite, cilmi baadhayaashu ma awoodaan. Fikradaha ayaa loo qaybiyay. Khubaro qaar ayaa tiriyay in noolaha nool ay ku dhacday gabal gabal ah "booska" ka dib markii ay suuragal tahay in meeraheenna ay tahay in nolosha Mars, aysan macquul aheyn, kuwa kale - waxay yiraahdeen ALH 84001 waa in loo qaddariyo inay tahay caddeyn ku saabsan nolosha dib-u-dhaca. By habka, kii ugu horreeyay ayaa inbadan, in yar ka dib, waxay ahayd ra'yigooda oo ay qaateen bulshada caalamiga ah ee sayniska.
Si kastaba ha noqotee, daahfurka saynisyahannada ayaa wali ka faa'iideysan doona sayniska: waxay ujeedadiisu tahay danaha guud ee Mars waxayna soo jiidatay maalgashi badan oo ku saabsan barnaamijyada cilmi-baarista ee Planet, kuwaas oo aad u guuleystey oo wali natiijooyin ay ku soo qaadaan.
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