Xitaa tan iyo qarnigii XVIII, waxaa jiray cod wanaagsan oo goobada ka mid ah aristocrats-ka cod wanaagsan, markii dalxiisayaashu ay ku dhacday gasacadaha qadiimka ah, kuwaasoo ka mid ah qalcadaha dhexe, oo ay la socdaan qalcadaha dhexe ee matxafyada ugu waaweyn, aragtiyaha waxaa lagu duubay xusuus-qorka, ka dib xitaa buugaagta tilmaamaha la daabacay. Booqashada noocan oo kale ah ayaa socday dhowr jeer illaa dhowr sano. Laakiin waqti isku mid ah safarro gaagaaban, booqashooyinka shimbiraha ayaa la sameeyay.
Raac "Bruegel to Vienna, Bosch ee Hertgenbosh, wangya Elka ayaa loo arkaa in la aqbalo dhamaadka isbuuca" waa la aqbalay oo dhawaanta ka dhacay, iyadoo laga qaaday safarka uu u safro reer galbeedka. Laakiin miyaanay ku habboonayn inaad ku safarto matxafkeenna oo laga xiray khasnado? Tusaale ahaan, Samara, oo aan ku dhex dhigay socdaal shimbireed shimbireed, waxaan qirayaa in aan daacad noqdo, ee avant-Garde. Intaa waxaa sii dheer, Themetles runti, oo furaya laamo halkan, ayaa durba u ololaynaya hurdada ee loo yaqaan 'pormans Samara dulsaar', iyo cajalado dhif ah oo laga saaray weelka.
Hal saac iyo badh diyaaradda, oo halkan waa samafalka tiirarka matxafka farshaxanka ee Samara ee Samara. Dhismihii hore ee Bangiga Ganacsiga Volzhsko-Kama ee dhismayaasha 1915, ama halkii, dib-u-habeynta wax hore, David Burlus, David Burlus ayaa halkan lagu sameeyay aayadaha, oo buur la qabtay. Dabadeed wajiga neoclassical - gudaha oo leh calaamadaha casriga ah ee gobolka, Sullen Marsh Maskas, goynta muraayadaha dhalada, staucc starey oo leh burooyinkoodii ku dhegan. Aivazovsky, Sheistkin, Repin, Bruer, Surikov iyo Leviyie iwm. Matxafka Samara waa hodan. Oo afgembi-gadde waa mid raaxo leh, oo keliya labajibbaaranaha ayaa ka maqan inuu gabi ahaanba tuso. Sidaa darteed, dhamaadka May waxaan qabsaneynaa waqtigan.
Qolka ku shaqeeya cagaaran, soo-gaadhista "soo-celinta" horumarsan "waxay soo celineysaa ururinta ugu horreysa ee ka mid ah avant-Garde ee qaabkii lagu soo aruuriyay oo loo keenay Samara 1919. Lix Dhar oo ah Olga Rozanova, "Nolosha hudheel weyn", oo ka mid ah shuqullada ugu qarsoon ee Malegich, oo ah tusayaasha kaliya ee hal-abuurka sumar ee hore ee Georgia Ryazhsky "Portratism", is-sawirada Samuel Adlivankina oo ah qaab samara oo loo oggolaaday ee samara ee samara oo leh dheg dhegan ah. Waxay ahayd awooddan in Adlivuk uu yimid Samara sanadkii 1919 wuxuuna la kulmay fanaaniin George Ryazhsky iyo Nikolai Popop. Si dhakhso ah ayay u sameeyeen koox mindi ah (rinjiyeyn cusub).
Waxaas oo si sax ah u duulay dalka Samara - tani waa "haweeney ah oo ah burush buluug ah" oo ah burush buluug ah, nepmanov, gabi ahaanba bourtoiis bourtrait-ka 1922, sidii iyadoo ka soo degtay Freses of Renaissicty Era ERA. Waxay ahayd shaqadan labajibbaarane ee ka qaybgashay bandhiga kaliya ee kooxda mindida.
Si qumman u buuxsamay, waxay ahayd lagama maarmaan in la xaliyo su'aasha casho. Georgianka Cuiri Cuiri Cafe wuxuu si farxad leh ula yaabay musccovite gaajaysan. Hkahuri, OJhuri, Shkmelihi, dusha sare, ukunta leh nuts. Windows-ka ayaa iska indhatiraya barxadda kacaanka, u eg mid cad oo nadiifin ah. Markii hore, suuqa, markaa Alexandrovskaya, waxay ahayd barta ay saarnayd timanka alexander Alexander II, oo ay jiraan kiis ay barokacaysa, oo ah kiisigii caqabadaha adduunka.
Lenin, ama halkii, ka dibna wali weli Ulyanov, ee sannadihii da 'yarta samara wuxuu u adeegsaday qareen ahaan. Sannadkii 1892-1893, wuxuu u shaqeeyey sidii gacan-galiyaha garyaqaan, qareen iyo ciyaaryahan Chess Andrei Harddin. Laba kiis oo Ulyanov ayaa si madaxbanaan u horseeday si madaxbanaan oo cidna kuma guuleysan. Maxkamadda degmadu waxay ku taalaa guriga ganacsiga hore ee ganacsatada, kaas oo hadda eegaya labajibbaaranaha aad u badan ee kacaanka. Waxay yiraahdeen in da 'yarta Lenin ay halkan ka qabsadeen fikradaha ku saabsan Marxism, in kasta oo hooyadu ku riyooday inay aragto wiilkeeda oo leh milkiile guri.
Tifatirayaasha Samara Gazeta ayaa laga jaray wadada laga soo qaaday maxkamada. Alexey Maksimovich peshkov, mustaqbalka Maxim Gorky, oo halkan ku tagtay shaqaale suugaaneed, bishii Maarso 5, 1985, ayaa markiiba ku daabacay "heeso ku saabsan Falcut."
Dabcan, waxaan ku haystay Buug-hayaha naqshadda Samara, laakiin casho kadib ayaa si buuxda u caddahay - dhammaadka usbuuca gaagaaban ma qaadan doontid mid ka mid ah 30-ka magaalo ee ugu waaweyn Yurub, bulshada dhexdeeda ah, oo ah Brussels, Valer Veraf ", xarunta loogu talagalay injineeriyadda farsamada, birta, cuntada, meelaha bannaan iyo warshadaha duulista.
Sidee, tusaale ahaan, in aan la soo booqan matxafka casriga ah, jidka, kan keliya ee Ruushka ku jira? Wuxuu ku yaalaa geedka ganacsatada ee kulina, oo ay Samaradu u eg tahay ciddii Ryabeeshisky ee Moscow. Wuxuu u qaabeeyey xiddiga maxalliga ah Alexander Ustinovich Zelenko. Sanadkii 1897, wuxuu u yimid Samara reer Moscow, laba sano kadib Duulista ayaa ku marti qaaday jagada sare ee naqshadeeye ee magaalada. Zelenko wuxuu keenay samara ugu waa samata ee ugu waataneyd, wuxuu joogay saddex sano, wuxuuna dhisay shan dhisme, markii ugu horreysay ee uu u yeedhay nacasnimadiisa, Shechel wuxuu ka maroorsan jiray Moscow.
Guri is haysta oo leh baalasheeda albaab, oo ah madaxa dheddig, oo ah sawirkii martigeliyaha Parchikha Alexandha Kurlyna (oo ah qaab nympff), oo ku xigta kaniisadda Qalbiga barakeysan ee Ciise oo ay la mid yihiin kuwa ku saabsan St. Martina de Pre United. "Waxaa lagu soo xushay raaxo," Alexey Tolstoy, oo Matxafka uu fadhiyo isla markiiba, kaniisadda gadaasheeda ee sheekada. Guriga laba-dabaq ah oo alwaax ah, caruurnimada "garaafka cas" ayaa dhacay.
Ka xukumida khariidadda, oo ah daloolka Stalin wuxuu ku yaal guryo badan oo ka socda matxafka casriga ah. Kuwaas oo ay jecel yihiin dalxiisayaasha, oo ka tagaya 37 mitir dhulka ka hooseeya, meesha ay ka soo baxday heerka ugu sarreeya ee takhtarka ugu sarreeya "Zhigleeveskoe", waxaan go aansaday inaan ka baxo dambe. Waxaan leeyahay safar PC-ah.
Xaqiiqda ah in Samara uu yahay magaalo weyn, ayaa dib-u-heshiisiin la leh fikirka ah in aan laga qarin gudaha, oo ay cudur daarto fududeynta doorashada newgyte. Eegaya meesha ugu nasiibka ah ee ku xeeran bankiga bidix ee Volga, inta udhaxeysa afka sabuurka sabuurka iyo Samara ee Moscow Alexy wali waxay ku sugan yihiin soo-jeedinno magaalo weyn, " Disks. "
In aanu ku khaldin soojiidashadiisa, Samara, oo soo celiyay Iridda Cozy ee Coas, guuldarro, si kastaba ha ahaatee, waa adag tahay. Dharka magaalooyinka ayaa si dhab ah loo jeexjeexay afarta ruugta ee afarjibbaaraneyaasha ah ee 120x240 mitir midkasta. Waxaana jira 140 dhimis oo noocaas ah. New York ayaa la xasuustaa.
Xitaa muuqaal deg deg ah oo samara ah ayaa siin doonta aragti naqshadeeye oo kaladuwan: qaabka aan la warqabin, qaabka casriga ah, dhishka ka dib, postmodenbble, postmoden iyo moodalleyda dhexdhexaadka ah ee cilmi-baarayaasha hadda ah "Caprom", waa nin naxariis badan. Dheecaannada loo soo bandhigay ee loo soo bandhigay tirada dadka ku nool tirada dadka: bartamaha Samara, rumaystaha wuxuu heli doonaa oo keliya kaniisadaha orthodog, laakiin sidoo kale sunagogyada, iyo Cathoggan, iyo Cathoutrals-ka. Qoraaga Czech Yroslav Hashek 1918 wuxuu ku sugnaa Samara wuxuuna halkaas ku noolaa laba sano. Dmitry Shostakovich sanadkii 1941, wuxuu ku daray heeso todobaad bilow ah.
Gigatantia - silsilad aflagaado ah, laakiin waxay ku sugan tahay Samara taasi waa tan ugu weyn, ee 15 hektar oo ku taal Yurub oo leh kow iyo tobnaad merepean valerian Kubyshev, kaasoo laga soocay kacaankii xisbiga ee magaceeda laga soo bilaabo 1995 ilaa 1995 . Saldhigga tareenka ee ugu sareeya Yurub ayaa sidoo kale ku sugan Samara. Dhismaha leh dherer daadinta oo ah 101 mitir ayaa halkan ka soo muuqday halkan, 2001. Guryaha kaliya ee si toosan loo rakibay "Midowga" ayaa sidoo kale lagu arki karaa oo keliya Samara. Laakiin waxaas oo ay u qalantaa waqti u qoondeeya waqtigii loo qoondeeyey matxafka taariikhda taariikhda cosmanaubics, taas oo, jidka soo socota, albaabka xiga ee warshadda jikada.
Hagaag, dabcan, Volga, meesha ugu weyn ee soo jiidashada, ayaa leh kii ugu dheer ee Russia, shan iyo kiilomitir, qulqulka. Waxaad si fudud u waayi doontaa waqtiga biilka, adoo daawanaya doomaha Amphibian-ka ee ku yaal barkinta hawada ee halkaan aado. Taageerayaashu waa isbuunyo, lakabka hawada cadaadiska ah ee hoostiisa hoostiisa oo hoos yimaada hawada ayaa kor u qaadaya baraf. Gaadiidka noocan ahi waa baahi aad u badan, maxaa yeelay ma jiro buundo ku taal bangiga ka soo horjeedda, halkaas oo kaydka Zhiglevsky uu ku yaallo.
Gabadha ku dhex lugaya maraakiibta-barafka leh ee loo yaqaan 'Victoria', hay'addu waa mid gaar loo leeyahay, oo ay aasaaseen ganacsade Leonin Mikhelson, oo yaa samara uusan ahayn qof kale. Deganeyaasha, dabcan, nasiib badan. Tusaale ahaan, hadda gudaha "Fiktooriya" ka hor Abriil waa Abriilku waa bandhigyada "farshaxan yahannada mashiinka." Hal iyo badh tobanka ugu sareeya ee farshaxanka burushka "bulshada stunkovstites" ee ay kujiraan "qoob-ka-ciyaarka cananka casaanka" ee 'spiers' of cheineki, "ee isku-dhaca" ee Shaygaas iyo " nin dhululubo ku jira "ee Nikritin.
Oo waxaan aadaa casho wanaagsan oo loogu talagalay Leningradskaya Street, oo 77 jir ah, oo ah koox halyeey ah "guri 77", gaar ahaan wasiirka dhaqanka ee gobolka Tatiana Mrdelcash Mrdelcullcash aad u eegaya in ay ku eegaan barta "weligaa yar". Maraqa jiiska ee jilicsan oo ku saleysan kareemka oo lagu dubto shrimps iyo muruqyada ugu dambeyntiina waxay igu xoojiyaan fikradaha Samara macaan. Iyo is biirsaday ee ugu dambeeya ka hor inta aan ka bixin "Russia Chicago," maadaama magaaladan ay mararka qaarkood loogu yeedho, bar-jeexjeex ah oo aan lahayn calaamadood "Millin" waa la bixiyaa. Khariidadda kuma jirto. Waxaad ku tagi kartaa qaybta hoose ee Nekradovskaya waxaad kaliya la joogi kartaa lambarka sirta ah (Instagram si aad u caawiso).
Sanadka waxaa lagama maarmaan ah in la soo celiyo. Markaas dib u soo celinta warshadda-jikada, abuurista gaarka ah ee naqshadeeye ee Archaterina Maximova, 1932 waa la dhameystiri doonaa. Dhismaha, marka la eego jiritaanka iyo hammer, waxay kasban doonaan bandhiggii ugu horreeyay ee laanta Trentival Gallery. Iyo meel u dhow, oo ku yaal guriga dhaqanka ee warshadda jiilaalka ee hore, ururiyaha Vladimir V Evgenies Evgesienigh, iibsadaha qarsoodiga ah ee ku jira xaraashka adduunka oo dhan, oo ay kujiraan gitaarka ugu horreeya ee garaaca, ayaa ugu dambeyntii ballan qaaday in la furo dhagaxa iyo matxafka. Sababta wanaagsan ee loo soo noqdo mar labaad, oo aan ku jirin socdaalka PC-ga.
Sawir: Shuttestortcock.com, Adeegga Saxaafadda ee Matxafka Ardayda Ardayda ee Samara, riix Adeegga "Victoria"