Muna 2020, chizvarwa chesimba kubva pane zvekuvandudza zvinyorwa muEurope kwenguva yekutanga munhoroondo yakadarika kugadzirwa kwemafusita mafuta. Kwegore rechipiri, mhepo uye zuva rakapetwa nekugadzirwa kwemarasha. Izvi zvinokonzerwa neye coronavirus dengic uye kuderera mukugadzirwa, iyo yakaonekwa mumatunhu ese ehupfumi. Ndeipi yekutanga mhedzisiro yekuchinja kwe "Green" simba? Uye kuEurope kuchakwanisa kuve kusarerekera pamwe chete nemakumi mairi nemakumi mairi nekuderedza greenhouse gasi emission.
Mwaka wadarika, mhepo uye zuva rikagadzira cheshanu chesimba reEurope. Panguva imwecheteyo, izvi zvidimbu zviviri ndezve "girini" chete, izvo zvinoratidza kukura. Pamwe chete ne bioc uye hydropower chizvarwa chakasvika makumi matatu nemashanu muzana. Ichi chiratidzo chakakura zvakanyanya muna 2020.
Mhepo yakapihwa 14% yeEuropean Magetsi, iyo iri 9% yakawanda ichienzaniswa na12 2015. Simba reSolar rakadyara imwe 5% mune yakazara "cashier."
Kuwedzera kukuru kukura kwaonekwa muNetherlands, uko pan chiratidzo cheEurope chakanyorwa. MuFrance, "simba reGreen" kekutanga "kunyanyisa" mafuta emafuta. Nyika yacho yasvika pane yakakosha chilektone, iyo Denmark uye Sweden yambotora.
Nekudaro, kukura kwesimba rekuvandudza kuchiri kusakwana. Kukudziridza kubva kune dzakadaro masosi kunofanirwa kurasika gore rega rega kuti uwane iyo yakagadzika yeEuropean chinangwa kusvika 2030. Mumakore gumi apfuura, ivo vakakura avhareji yegumi nematatu mugore rimwe nerimwe, mune inotevera inofanira kukura pagumi negumi pagore.
YeeMashoko Akanaka Europe, kugadzirwa kwemarasha muna 2020 kwakawa ne20% nehafu kuenzaniswa na12 2015. Nekudaro, mamwe okudonha uku gore rapfuura akakonzerwa nekuderera kwemagetsi ekushandisa nekuda kweiyo dengic.
Kudonha kwakacherechedzwa munharaunda dzese dzeEU dzese (mune dzimwe nguva - ne50%, semuenzaniso, muNetherlands).
Chizvarwa cheAtomi chesimba chakawira pane rekodhi 10%. Izvi zvinokonzerwa nekudzvanya kwese kugadzirwa muFrance uye nekuvhara kwezviteshi muSweden neGerman.
Pane advanced
Denmark mutungamiri mukutanga kwe "Green" simba. Muna 2010 muZuva nemhepo, kwaingova nemakumi maviri muzana yekugadzirwa, gore rapfuura nhamba iyi yakaenzana ne62%. Nyika yacho yatove kaviri pamberi peiyo European Epecauer - Ireland.
Iyi Scandinavia State kwenguva yekutanga yakaunganidza pfungwa kune iyo mhepo simba kunyange panguva yemafuta call ye1973. Iyo indasitiri yemhepo turbines yakatanga seyakagadzirwa-chigadzirwa kugadzirwa kwemishini yekurima. Uye turbine rekutanga rekutengesa munyika rakavakwa muna 1979.
Denmark ane nzvimbo huru yekugadzira magetsi kubva kuTurbines, ane mhenderekedzo refu yemahombekombe. Naizvozvo, muna 2002, mugungwa rekuNorth, makiromita anenge gumi nemana kubva kumahombekombe eJutland, chirimwa chikuru chemagetsi chepasi rose chakakura kwazvo chakagadzwa. Kwemakore gumi apfuura, mamwe madiki maviri masimba eSimba ane masimba akavakwa (yekupedzisira, 406 mw yakawanikwa yakakwana muna Nyamavhuvhu 2019). Purazi kweiyo 49 turbines ne12% yakawedzera chizvarwa chemhepo uye inokwanisa kupa dzimba zviuru makumi matatu nezvishanu zveDanish. Iye zvino nyanga nhatu dzeJarimi dzine 775 MW pasipoti.
2015, chinyorwa chakakosha chakanunurwa: Kubva pakati pehusiku kusvika pakati pehusiku, mhepo yemhepo yakagadziriswa simba rakawanda rakapfuura kudiwa kweDanes mumagetsi.
Mucherechedzo weGerman
Chimwe chezvakakosha zviratidzo zve "Landscaping" yeEurope ndiGerman. Nharaunda iyo yakavimba neruremekedzo zvakawanda kune marasha uye actomu ane rugare, yaimanikidzwa pa2030 kuderedza greenhouse gasi emission ne 55%, uye kusvika makumi maviri nemakumi maviri neshanu kuti vasarerekera neruremekedzo kune aya magasi.
Muna 199, mutemo wemamiriro ekunze wakagamuchirwa munyika, unosimbisa zvinangwa zvegore zvehupfumi hwehupfumi hwemakore gumi anotevera. Mumurayiro mumwe chete, kududzirwa kwekusarerekera uku kunorondedzerwa. Pasi payo zvinoreva zero zero pakati peanthropogenic emissions yeGreenhouse magasi uye kubviswa kwemagasi akadaro kubva mumugadziro.
Nekuda kweiyo coronavirus dengic muna 2020, simba rekushandisa kuGermany raive mune nhoroondo yepakati. Data rakadaro rekutanga raive rakataurwa neBoka rekutsvagisa ag energiebanzzen. Panguva imwecheteyo, CO2 emissions yakabatana nesimba kuGermany yakawa nemamiriyoni makumi masere ematani. Saka nyika ichakunda zviri nyore chinangwa chekutanga mukudzora masissions ne40% zvichienzaniswa ne1990 level. Muna 2019, mamirioni 805 ematani egirini magasi akakandwa mumhepo.
Nyanzvi dzinoona kuti izvi zvakaitika nekudzikiswa mukushandiswa kwemarasha uye kuwedzera mukugadzirwa kwemagetsi kunoenderana nekuvandudza maficha. Uye zvakare, mamwe marasha mavhoriyamu akatsiviwa negesi echisikigo nekuda kwemitengo yakaderedzwa gasi.
Asi kugona kwechinangwa-2020 kwakabatsira zvakanyanya nedenda. Germany ichiri kutarisana nekunonoka mukuvandudzwa kwekuvandudzwa kwesimba rekuvandudza, uye kuderera kwehupfumi hakuzogotungamira kuchinja shanduko dzaigona kuve nekudzikisira kuderedzwa mumisangano, nekuti vanogona kupora nehupfumi.
European Outsiders
Report compilers pamusoro European simba zvekutepfenyura akati kunze: Portugal, Romania, Austria, Italy, Czech Republic, Slovakia uye Bulgaria. Munyika idzi, maererano nenyanzvi, mamiriro akanaka kwazvo ekuvandudzwa kwesimba remhepo uye nemhepo, asi izvi zvainge zvisina kumboonekwa kubva muna 2015.
Kuti uburitse kurova, mubatanidzwa weEuropean mumamiriro ezvinhu akakodzera ekuchinja mumakore matanhatu anotarisana nerudzi rwechikwereti. Mari ichaenda kunomutsa kushandurwa kwehupfumi hwemamiriro ekunze mumatunhu ematare. Mari dzinofanirwa kubvisa iyo Socio-mhedzisiro yehupfumi yekuchinja uku.
Kugadzirwa kwemagetsi kusikwa kwakasimba pakona (kunze kwePoland, kwataitaura nezvei mune imwe yezvinhu zvakapfuura mukusunga kwekuvakwa kwesimba renyukireya. MuCzech Republic, Resimba rezari kubva pamarasha pane kanopfuura kina yakakwirira kupfuura "yakasvibira" zvinyorwa: 53% kurwisa 12%. Panguva imwecheteyo, kotara yezvinhu zvese zvekuvandudza zvinyorwa ndeye biogas, biomass uye sosi yesosi. Imwe 18% - hydropopower, chikamu chasara imhepo.
Data ye 2018
Nekudaro, zvinofanirwa kucherechedzwa kuti ichi chaive chinangwa chenyika ye2020. Izvo zvakawanikwa. Pakupera kwemakore anotevera, chikamu chevhudzi rekuvandudza mune shaft yekupedza simba rekushandisa riri kuzunza makumi maviri neshanu muzana. MuCzech mamiriro ezvinhu, izvi zvinoreva kuderera kwemarasha emugodhi uye nekuvakwa kwainogona kuita miviri yenyukireya pazvinhu zviviri zvirimwa zvenyukireya. Mutsara wekupedzisira unokurukurwa kwemakore akati wandei, nyika nyoro yekuvaka inofanira kuitika kusvika pakupera kwa2022, uye block block pachayo ichanzi isisati yasvika 2036.
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