Naratin, Chukchi akanzi Loorravelans, Chautonov. Nguva dzapfuura, uye mazita okutanga akasara munhoroondo dzezvakaitika kare, asi vagari veKuchotka ivo pachavo vakatendeka nekuda kwetsika yavo uye zvetsika zvitendero. Kuzvarwa kweizvi ethosos ndevana vedzinza rakabatanidzwa neakajairika totem, iyo nharaunda yemoto, tsika dzechitendero uye tsika.
Chinangwa chazvino, semadzitateguru avo, zvakakamurwa kuva marudzi maviri - Nomadic Reindeer Heldders uye mhomha yegungwa, mhuka dzekunze. Chukchi-imbwa vafudzi vanoonekwa seboka rakakosha, iro riri kubereka imbwa dzechikepe, uko vanhu vanofamba kuburikidza neyechando. Chankna zita rinoreva chii? Nyaya yavo yaive sei? Uye tsika dzevanhu ava dzingataurei?
Ethnonym
Zita renguva dzose "Chukchi" rakaonekwa kwete kare. Saizvozvo mazana emakore apfuura, maRussia uye maYakuts akatanga kufonera vanhu vakuru vechuka. Sekureva kwevaongorori, zita remazano rakawa izwi rekuti "chaood", zvinoreva kuti "rakapfuma deer" muChukotka adwordb.
Ndiwo anonzi reindeer mombe. Asi, sezvandataura, Chukchi ane mapoka akati wandei akasiyana panzvimbo yekuvandudzwa uye rudzi rwebasa. Semuenzaniso, yegungwa dzimba dzekubereka dzinozvidaidza kuti Ankalyn (mukushandura "Anka" zvinoreva "gungwa").
Asi kuzvisarudzira kwaHukchi kwakanzwika zvachose. Zvinonzwika seimwe chinhu, uye "vanhu chaivo" vanoshandura. Ndokunge, Changac muranda akataura kuti ivo varidzi vechokwadi, "vanhu" venyika yavo.
Zvimiro zvemutauro
Tsika dzevanhu ava rinoreva mhando yakasanganiswa, inonzi Asia-American. Nhamba dzinoverengeka uye dzidziso inosimbisa zvinongedzo zvine hukama uye kufanana kwetsika dze chukchi uye maIndia eNorth America. Nenzira, mhando yemazambiringa yembwa yeimbwa yemadzinza emakungwa ndeayo yemhando yeAmerican mukugadzirwa kwayo.
Asi muchirongwa chemutauro che chukchi chine hukama naItelmen, Koryakov uye eskimos. Chukchi Mutauro ndeimwe yemhuri yeNarachi yeNarachi yeMitima yeNarachi, ndeyalerewian Boka. Pamberi pekuonekwa kweRussia pamberi pechingwa
Chikonzero cheiyi kusavapo kwekunyora. Sezvineiwo, muhafu yekutanga yezana remakore rapfuura, iyo Chauotska Mufudzi, Kheneville akakwanisa kugadzira nyora yekutanga kunyorwa.
Mutauro wepakutanga wakadai, zvinosuruvarisa kuti, hazvina kufanira kufa, asi nhasi zvinoshandiswa nhasi. Mazhinji chukchi anofarira kushandisa mavara eCyrillic ekunyora.
Chukhi makirasi
Nguva pfupi yambiro yekubuda kweRussian Chukchi, ivo vakakwanisa kunyatsogutsikana kufuma, iyo yakazotengeserana. Asi iwe unobvunza: Vanhu vevakurumbira vafudzi vakararama sei? Zvese zviri nyore - kwenguva yakareba, basa rechinyakare revanhu muChauotka raive nondo yekuvhima nondo. Yakajeka kwazvo yaive hove yemahombekombe Ivo vaigara pakurasikirwa kwemhuka yemarine: Zvisimbiso, nerve, walrles uye whales.
Mabasa akadaro aida kudzidziswa zvakanyanya uye mauto makuru emuviri. Mukuwedzera, Chukchi aive nehunyanzvi hwekuvhima. Semuenzaniso, pane zvisimbiso, vanhu vakarwisa pamhenderekedzo apo mhuka dzakazorora muzuva. Kutevedzera mafambiro echikara, chukachi akazvipa zvezvisimbiso, shure kwaizvozvo vakarwisa mhuka yakasarudzwa.
Dzimba dzechinyakare
Kunyangwe nhasi, hupenyu hwaChukchi hunochengetedza huwandu hwehuwandu hweVintage maficha. Kubva paXix Century, madzinza eRindeer Breebersers anogara mumatare 2-3. Vaive nharaunda dzisina basa dzaifanira kuchinja nzvimbo dzekufuma sezvo nzizi yekupera simba yakapera simba.
Dzimba dzechinyakare dzechinyakare, dziri kuvakwa munguva yedu, ndiyo Yaranga. Iri ibhangi hombe rezvinhu zvisina kujairika polygonal chimiro. Imba yakadaro inodzingwa nehondohwe, dzakagadzirirwa namabwe, dzichidzivirira vagari vemo dzimba dzeimba kubva kumhepo. Mukati meTende, pakati, pane moto. Nzvimbo ino chitsvene, uye chukhi pachavo vanoenzanisa imba yavo kubva kune zvakasikwa kubva kune zvakasikwa, nekuda kweizvo uye kufamba mariri kunotevera kufamba kwedenga mudenga.
Mahoridhe uye Chitendero Chekufamba
Chkchi tsika inoratidzwa kwazvo panguva yezororo uye tsika dzechitendero. Mhemberero huru dzaive dzakatariswa mhemberero dzemumhanzi dzakabatana nekuiswa kweimba, kuravira kweNzizi, mubairo weVazheni.
Zvibayiro zveMoto zvakaita basa rakakosha. Mumupendero wehasha, vanhu vakanyanya kukoshesa kupisa, izvo zvinopa murazvo, uye saka moto unowanzoonekwa mune ngano serudzi rwerudzi rwerudzi rwevanhu vese.
Maitiro echinyakle kuti Chukchi anoshandiswa kushongedza zvipfeko, shangu, ende, maererano nesainzi, vane eskimo mabviro. Zvinotendwa zvekutanga zvakachengetedzwa kusvika nhasi tsika dzehupenyu. Chankchi akanamata mauto ezvisikwa, anopa zvinhu, kukudza mhuka dzvene (semuenzaniso, crw uye fani).
Mhuri dzakawanda dzevagari vemazuva ano dzeChakotka dzakachengetedza nzvimbo dzekare - matombo emoto wemoto, unofanira kuve nemunhu wese. Ivo vaishandiswa panguva yetsika vanosangana nekunamatwa kwemoto uye vachiuya nemurume anowirwa nemurazvo unopisa, uye saka hupenyu. Madzinza akati wandei aiita kuti "murume ane simba" apo murume aifanira kupfeka chipfeko chechikadzi uye anozadzisa mabasa echikadzi pane basa repamba - uye zvinopesana.
Chukchi rudzi rwakasiyana-siyana rwakasiyana vanhu, izvo zvakanyudza zvinotendwa, tsika nemadzinza emadzitateguru avo nemadzinza ekuvakidzana. Vafambi vakashanyira iyo Chutska Autonomous District kana muKamchatka, cherechedza kuti nzvimbo idzi dzivhure ruvara rwakakosha, runoita kuti chitendero chekare uye ruzivo rwekare rwevanhu veko.
PaRufukidziro: Vladila Kavri, Arctic Tundra pedyo neWelkal, Chauthka, Russia, 2012/2012 / _ JimMynelson.com