MunaJanuary 2021, kutungamira kweRussia vepfuma vehupfumi vaienda kuFaidar yeGaidar foramu. Zviuru zvematori vezviuru uye maawa zana nemakumi mashanu echirongwa mumazuva maviri ebhizinesi mumhando yekufamba kwenguva ndeyekodhi yemakore apfuura. Nekudaro, iyo pendi yemazano akamanikidzwa - pedyo hapana munhu anoona kuRussia chero upi zvake rekusimudzira nzvimbo dzekusimudzira. Zvakanakisa, zvese hazvirambe zvakashata kupfuura nhasi. Asi ichi hachisi chokwadi.
Kwese kupi wedge
Vashoma vanhu vanokahadzika kuti Russia icharamba yakavharwa zvakanyanya nenyika. Kuyerera kwekudyara kwekunze hakutityisire nekuda kwekudzikiswa kwehuwandu hwehuwandu hwevanhu, hurongwa hwekumutonga, vatungamiriri veRussia, vasingaverengeki vekunze uye zvinogoneka zvitsva zvinotsva Ministry of Finance haina matura kuti uderedze mitero uye kuyambuka bhizinesi chiitiko. Mutevedzeri wezvematongerwo emutungamiriri wezvematongerwo enyika, VaAlexey Sazanov Foggy, kuti vaongorore kugona kwemitero kwakaringana, kunyanya izvo zviri zvekudyara. " Izvi zvinoreva kuti iyo mutero wekodhi nekuda kwebhizinesi rokurarama rinogona kuve rakanyanya kuoma. Uye zvikanganiso kana achipinda mutongo wendijitari anokwanisa kuparadzira inflation.Maswera sei anozvibata mushure mekubviswa kwezvirimwa zveCoronavirus - ambuya vakaudzwa. Kune rimwe divi, rinovimbisa kudzokera kune zvakajairika bhizinesi riyo. Kune rimwe divi, chikamu chakakosha chebhizinesi chinoodzwa mwoyo nekusimbiswa kwehutongi hwenzvimbo yechiitiko - uye zvinogona kukonzera capital capital, vabati veEuropean Union kana United States ichave isingaite gadzikana. Muna 2014-2015 Yakanga iri mazana emabhiriyoni emadhora akabatwa kubva kune chaiyo chikamu chehupfumi, uye vangangoita mazana mashanu ezviuru enyeredzi pagore.
Zvinoenderana nemusoro weShumiro yeVashandi Anton Kotyakova, zvino muRussia, vanhu vanenge mamirioni mazana matatu vanoshanda kure, izvo zvinenge 6% yevose vanoshanda munyika. Uye mumaonero emakore maviri kana matatu, zviratidzo zvebasa riripo zvichakura kusvika padanho regumi muzana rekushanda. Izvi zvichabatsira kuderedza mari yemakambani mazhinji, asi zadza hofisi yehurumende yehurumende uye misika yekutakura inofambisa. Nomuzvarirwo, hama ye "dock" nhanho.
Mumwe wevanhu vakapfuma muRussia, muridzi weSorrstali Alexey Mrdashsov akaratidza kushuma kwenyika . Isu tiri nyika inotsamira zvakanyanya pane kutumira kunze kwenyika. Kana paine kunze kwenyika mangwana, hupfumi hwenyika, hupfumi hwenyika huchanyudzwa kuita kaviri, anenge 50% yeGDP inoumbwa zvakadaro pane zvekunze zvehupfumi. "Isu tinongo tamira mumuviri."
Mumwe wevanosarudza zvekukura, izvo zvisingaverengere pazvinhu zvezvematongerwo enyika. Ehezve, pfungwa yekudzivirira yakamira mumarudzi ese e "mararamiro okurarama", kuvhima kwedu kusingagumi kwetaiti kunogona kuvandudza hupenyu kunyangwe mukushaikwa kwekukura kwechokwadi kwevanhu. Nekudaro, zvinyorwa zvemitambo zvinoreva chiyero chitsva chekuda. SaMukuru mukuru weva mukuru weWorld Bank yeKristalina Georgiev, isu hatizive chekuita nezvinhu zvinopererwa nemutengo wavo mudhijitari yenyika. Uye isu tine ichi chakakosha chikamu chehupfumi. Ndekupi kwekupa, kunyanya, miviri yezvitupa zvemareferenzi? Mune mamiriro akanaka, dhijitari inoreva shanduko yehupfumi, izvo zvisingagoneke pasina mari yekudyara, kusanganisira kubva kune dzimwe nyika. Uye ndiani anoda kuisa mari, kana isu tine nyika-yakagadzirirwa nhare?
Mune ino kesi, inflet manhamba asina kunaka haisi dambudziko. Muna 2019, hurumende yeSt. Petersburg yakashuma pakukura kwekudyara kwekunze pane isina kujairika 25% pagore. Kunyangwe iyo guta rakatiza neyese bhizinesi rose reFinnish, iyo Ford Auto Hofori yakavharwa. Izvo zvakazoitika, mu smolny, zvikwereti zvinotorwa nemakambani eRussia mumabhangi ekunze ainzi mari. Imwe nyaya: Muna 2016, musoro weShumiro yeSindasitiri uye Technical University Denis Manturov akataura kuti Russia yakabata chigadzirwa cheUS. Chakavanzika chakazoitika kuve nyore: ruble yakadonha kaviri - zvakateerana, nyika yacho yakanga yakakwana kaviri kune imwe dhora rimwe.
Kutevedzera Kwekuvandudza
Chinhu chakakosha: Kukura kwehupfumi munyika ine kuderera kwehuwandu hakugoneki. Nepo futururologists inofamba-famba uropi mukupinda kwemarobhoti muindasitiri, mune chaicho kune kurwa kwezvinhu zvekushandisa - kutanga kwezvose kune vatama. Hurumende dziri kuita zvese zvinogoneka kunetseka nevakadzi nevarume vakuru - kunyanya kusvika pamakore makumi manomwe. Maererano neiyi pfungwa, inozoitika kuti chiremera cheRussia chakasimudza zera rekuzorora. Asi nekuenderera mberi kwasvika pakuwedzera, uye vanotama kubva kuCentral Asia Russia vachiri kunyunyuta neRussia.
Shanduko dzinobudirira chete apo huwandu hwevanhu hunotsigira iyo Reformer. Pamusoro pe mikana yakazara yenyika, iyo yakadzoreredzwa mushure mekutambudzika kwe "mutungamiri" mutsva "ari panzvimbo pevanhu kupfuura katatu musayendisiti, asi zvisinganzwisisike technocrat. Asi mushure mekushomeka bumbiro muRussia, "kuvandudzwa kwezvematongerwo enyika" hakufanani. Uye zvidzidzo pasi peVladimir Putin zvakajeka hazvitarise zvakakwana. Pane yekutanga yehutungamiriri hwayo, akaderedza shanduko dzakakosha Mumakore akazotevera, shanduko dzaideredzwa, asi zviwanikwa zvevagari zvakamuka nguva nhanhatu nekuda kwemitengo yakakwirira yemafuta uye zvikwereti zvekunze zvekunze. Kupesana nemhedzisiro yekugutsikana kwakawanda, uori, demagoga, mubhedha, unokwira bhizinesi. Muna 2019, chiuru chiuru "mutengo" makumi matanhatu nengozi kubva ku "njivha". Uye mukati memakumi mairi makumi maviri, dhora remumukira zvakare kubva pamakumi matanhatu kusvika makumi manomwe kusvika makumi manomwe.
Nehuwandu hweBillionyaires, Russia Spors yechitatu pasi, uye ivo vanodzora 16% yeGDP - zvakanyanya. Asi zvakatoipisisa, nyika hombe dzinogadzirwa muzvikamu zvakatarisana nekubvisa rendi (mafuta, gasi, sango, kuvaka). Zvinoreva kuti munyika haina basa nemakwikwi emahara, nharaunda yakanakira gadziriro, asi yakapfuma mukurasikirwa kwematongerwo enyika, kubvumira kugashira kutumirwa kwenyika uye kuzvidzivirira kwezvinhu zvisina kugadzirwa. Uye "yakanaka mabhiriyoni" ndeye bill magedhi kana mako zuckerberg, uyo akakwanisa kuzviwanira zvizere anowana. Russian zuckerberg inonzi Pavel Durov, uye kuti zvinoitika sei nezvekusimudzira kwake muRussia, kunozivikanwa.
Nei mavambo eupfumi achikosha kwazvo? Edza kufungidzira zvisingaite - simba zvachinja muRussia. Mhepo yeruzhinji yakadzoka, uye nyika nehasha yakaziva kuti zvakakosha mazviri ndezvimwe mhuri. Chido chechisikigo chevanhu ndechekugadzirisa zvese. Masimba ezvematongerwo enyika nemepu dzemumugwagwa zvichange zviri pabhiza. Kuti uwane hupfumi uye investment, mamiriro ekunze akadaro - hapana nzvimbo yakaipa. Semusoro weMorgan Stanley Ruch Ndokunge, pasina kugoverwa munharaunda hapana mvumo, asi musimba - zviri pamutemo. Uye zvekudyara kwekudyara kwekupedzwa - mamiriro ezvinhu akaipisisa pane zvese zvinogoneka.
Russia tsika inorarama "Development Strategies" kwemakore gumi nemashanu ari mberi, hapana chimwe chacho hachisati chazadziswa. Anokwanisa anokwanisa anoziva pachena kuti kwete nyika imwe chete, indasitiri iri kukura, haisati yadzvanya nhanho yekuvaka mafekitori ekugadzira zvinhu zvakadai semagetsi kana pasi majaketi. Anofanira kuronga sei zvirongwa zvehurumende yenyika yekununura nyika yeOrthodox
Maererano nekupindira kwenyika muhupfumi, Ruchir Sharm anonzi: kana kududzirwa. Ipapo ini ndinotarisa kuti hurumende inoshandisa makambani ehurumende uye mabhanga sezviridzwa zvekushandisa zvekupomba uye kuzvidzora kwenhoroondo, uye kana ichikurudzira makambani ezvekureva kana kusarudza. " Sharma haingaongorore zviratidzo zveRussia, asi hazvina kuoma pasina icho.
Tine 17-18% yehurumende GDP, iyo iri kanopfuura kupfuura India, asi katatu zvishoma pane nyika dzeEuropean Union. Nezvemari zvine mwero, chikamu cheiyo mamiriro muhupfumi ndeche 70% - izvi zvinoreva kuti vatengesi vega havangosi kungoputira, uye zvakare uroat mune rudzi. Iyo yechitatu hafu-yenguva yechikwereti indasitiri inotungamirirwa neyimwe statebank pasi kune iyo central bank. Rubatsiro kana kubereka mari yekudyara? China kwemakore gumi nemaviri ekukura anaya mabasa 73 pamabhizinesi emabhizinesi eHurumende, uye Russia ine mamirioni makumi matatu emamiriyoni vashandi. Tine kakapetwa kagumi vashandi muGazparrrom kupfuura muBritch-Britch gonzo, kunyangwe iyo mari yemakambani ese ari maviri anenge akafanana.
Kune vanodyara, izvi zvese zvinosiririsa. Zvakafanana neye ferret cavalier kuti uzive kuti kusarudzwa hakusi kuverenga mabhuku uye hakugeze, asi kwakapfurwa mune zvinonyadziswa uye hakugone kubereka. Kana paine chete bhururu refu uye inonakidza kokosnnik pane chimwe zviyero, zvino chimwe chichaitika chii?
Hazvina kukosha kuti zviremera zveRussia hapana kwese kwaifamba. Mu chess mamiriro akadaro anonzi Pat. Pakutanga kwa20021, Kremlin yakajeka yakajekesa kuti aisazoshivirira "kupikiswa kusiri kwe" zvisina systemic ". Uye haana hanya nezvavanofunga nezveizvi "Westnern". Hazvina kufanira kutarisira kuti mumasarudzo emagetsi ari mudunhu reHurumende, masimba akamira pamubhedha wezvido zvevabati vanogona kukundwa. Kusiyana neizvozvo, tinoona kusimbiswa kwemauto emarongo ayo anozivisa zvakananga chinangwa chavo kutora simba uye kuita "ngano yehukama". Vanotaura nezve dare rinodarika carepism kuti "consorship mumifananidzo uye paInternet - zvakajairika", uye "Mwari haana rimwe divi, kunze kwedu kunze kwedu." Chii chichaitika kune mari kana aya manhamba achibatsira sarudzo kuParamende yeRussia? Kremlin anonzwisisa zvese, asi iye amene akazviisa mumamiriro ezvinhu aisazovapo chero munhu.
Kwaari, sarudzo ine musoro ndeyekugara pane pop zvakanaka. Gadzira huwandu, cheka rendi, dzidzisa mauto evarume nematambudziko ese mhosva "vavengi veRussia" uye "vamiririri vekunze". Uye iyo yakavanzika investor ita kuti nzira dzinopfuura ne. Vaigara vasina iye makore makumi manomwe emakore.
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