Musi waFebruary 24, 1931, inzvimbo yeruzhinji yemhando idzva yakavhurwa muTula. Uye kubva munaFebruary 25, guta rave pedyo neupenyu hwamangwana rinofadza - zviuru zvemhuri zvine zororo kubva pakuda kugadzirira kudya kwemanheru. Nguva yakarembedzwa nguva yavaigona kushandisa pane chimwe chinhu chinobatsira.
Hibars Miste Streets
Pfungwa yekuita mechanized inokonzeresa mabhizinesi yakakanganisa pfungwa mumakumi maviri ezana remakore rekupedzisira. Pfungwa uye chokwadi chaive chisina kunaka - vanhu vakasununguka kubva mukicheni. Munguva dzakati, apo pakanga pasina mahwendefa epamhepo, microwaves uye aerogrile, zvaiita sezvakanaka. Mushure mezvose, kwekutanga uye zvivakwa zvakatakura zvakawanda zvekukanganisa. Kutanga kubva kuBanari AntisanitariMafekitori-maKitchens aive atovakwa munyika yose, uye zvino, muna 1928, zvakasarudzwa kuti kugadzwa kwakadaro kwaizoonekwa muTula. Pakutanga, yakavanzika neyakawandisa chiyero - mune maviri pasi uye mazana mashanu ekudya pazuva.
Yakaramba yekugadzirisa chinhu chikuru - kupi yekuvaka chishamiso chekicheni inofungidzirwa. Vakasarudza kuti pane nzvimbo yeimba yekudyira "Gumiguru". Kamuri yekudyira iri yaive iri, zvakaoma kutaura nenzira chaiyo. Chaizvo chaizvo izvo pane imwe nzvimbo pakati. Inogona kufungidzirwa kuti yakarongedzwa mukamuri yeimwe yakanaka aimbova resitorendi. Asi chirongwa ichi chakarambwa - zvidiki zvakanyatsoita kuti ive chivanze kuimba yekudyira uko kicheni yaizofanira kuvaka. Uye kana yakavakwa muchivanze chivakwa chitsva, yakasikwa yakasikwa, iyo yaisatendera izvo zvigadzirwa nenzira nenguva uye kubvisa marara.
Isu taida nzvimbo yekufunga kugadzirwa kweiyo basa rekicheni pachayo, kuchengetedza mari yekuendesa kwechikafu mune bhizinesi uye kugadzira zviitiko zvakasiyana zvekuvandira kwevashanyi. Ipapo zvakasarudzwa kuti sarudzo yakakwana yaizoputsa mitsara yekare inotarisana neKremlin, uye panguva imwe chete iyoyo iyo chechi yeKazan, zvachose yakakodzera kune iyo yekushanda kirasi. Kune izvi, chirongwa ichi chaive chakatendeuka zvishoma - nyanzvi dzevatendi vaitenda kuti iyo yakadzika-nyaya nyaya-nyaya yekuvaka yaizobatsira kutaridzika kwenzvimbo yakatorwa.
Zvisinei, veruzhinji, vakashingaira zvavakaita. Iyo purojekiti yakanyanya kuzivikanwa yakaunzwa neinjiniya yekupusha, iyo yaiita kunge chokwadi chekuti fekitori-kicheni yakavakwa zvakanyanya zvekushandira vashandi veTula zvombo uye neyekare uye nyowani. Chinyakare, sezvo munhu wese anonzwisisika, akura. Uye chitsva ndiyo yazvino muchina-chivakwa. Izvo zvinosvika makumi manomwe ezana ramakore rokupedzisira paguta rakatsvedza ndokudaidza chombo chitsva. Iyo yakaoma fekitori - iyo kicheni, maererano neinjiniya pushkin, inofanira kunge iri yakabatana kune iyo inobuda kubva mumafekitori,
Kuti mushandi haana kushandisa basa rakawandisa uye nguva yekupfuura kubva pachirimwa kuenda kuimba yekudyira. Izvi zvinofanirwa kukanganisa retiation yekusarudza kwekamuri yekudyira.
Akabva atizivisa kuti nzvimbo yefekitori-kicheni yekudya, inogutsa mabasa ese okudya, ichave yako chivakwa chemugwagwa pakati pemufambiro wetsvuku kuznetsov, pamwe pakati pekereke dzeSretenskaya uye Kazan. Ehe, hongu, chechi yeKazan yaive zvakare yakamira, asi iyo embankment yakanga yatove med kuznetsov.
"Ndakanzwa kupokana kusingabvi kudzvanywa kwedzimba dzakabatikana padzimba dzeimba, uko kwavanoiswa mumamiriro edziviriro (metallille Club, Fabzuuch School), dzimba. Asi ini ndine ushingi hwekutaurisa chikamu ichi. "
Ushingi uhwu hwaive hwakaitei? Uye pane izvo, sekusundidzirwa kwakatariswa, kwaingova nedzimba mbiri dzakanaka, vamwe vese - vamwe vese. Uye zvachose, hazvidikanwe kuputsa zvese kamwechete. Munguva yekutanga, zvivakwa zvinofanirwa kushandiswa nematongo ezvivakwa pakutanga kwekota kubva kuCoinsensk Church yeZaELN Bars, kumusoro kuMadere Nhafu 1 (yaimbova belypetsky ). "Dzimba dziri pamwe chete nesimbi mumigwagwa yemugwagwa yehukuru uye hwakakosha saizi dzaigona kushandiswa zvino neCCC nechibvumirano neCommuncheo muchimiro chavo, uye vamwe vacho vanovakwazve. Nenzira iyi, munguva yekutanga, nzvimbo yehafu yekota yese inogona kushandiswa, uye matongo anogona kukura zvivakwa zvitsva zvakagadziriswa kune zvinodiwa zvehupenyu. DZIMWE nzvimbo yekota ichashanda sechengetedzo yekuwedzera kukura kwekuvakwa kwekrc. " Iyo CRC iri pakati pekushanda inoshanda pamwe, kureva kuti, sangano rekushandira zvinodiwa nevatengi vekirasi inoshanda.
Mainjiniya Pushkin akajekesa kuti kuvaka zvidhinha kweruba kweiyo chill, maererano nevanhu vakaongororwa, zviga zvivakwa hazvina basa, uye nekupera kwekota, kune iyo Church Saka, kuwedzera kwekuvaka pamwe nehurongwa hweRed KuzNetsosov hazvizombopindira zvipingamupinyi.
Aiwirirana neapo pamwe neye mumwe mutori Golitsyn, uyo aitenda kuti zvaigoneka kutakura hibars paMetsage Street, kuvaka fekitori-kicheni pachinzvimbo. Chokwadi, kutanga kufunga nezve zano rekuzvivakira mudunhu, pakona yeOctober uye Embankment. Iyi ndiyo nzvimbo yenzvimbo inoshanda uye iri padyo neiyo huru yekugovera base - iyo Ryazhsky station. Uye imba yekudyira iyo inowira munzvimbo inoshandirwa negungwa.
Nhengo yedare reguta reSelivanov raivimbisa kuti chikumbiro chekuvakira panzvimbo yeaimbova mitsara yekare haina kubvumidzwa. Pakati peguta racho ratove naro rakanaka rekudya "Gumiguru", saka imba itsva yekudyira inofanira kunge ichisimudzira pakati penzvimbo yekushanda kuitira kuti mushandi ave padyo nekudya kwemanheru kana kudya kwemanheru. Aitenda kuti fekitori yeKitchen inofanira kuvakwa muZarechiyi. Izvi, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, zvichaderedza kuyerera kwezvigadzirwa kubva kufiriji yeiyo Ryazhsky chiteshi cheRiyazhsky uye chekufambisa kwevashandi vanopisa masikati ekudya kwemasikati ekugadzira.
Nekudaro, iva injiniya pushkin uye mutambi wemifananidzo Golitsyn ari kufungidzira, isu hatingazofambi mumugwagwa wakanaka wevasimbi. Asi ivo vakakunda avo vakasarudza kubayira mitsara yekutengesa, maererano nezvinofamba nemunyori weGazol neChechi yeKazan yakafamba, iyo Amperor Nicholas II akashanya.
Ivo havana kana kutarisa chokwadi chekuti nyaya dzekutengesa nguva pfupi yadarika, muna 1926, dzakagadziriswa nhoroondo yehurumende, uye kuti ichi chigadziro kune chivakwa cheiyo livenii zana. Mu "Communari", ivo vakabva vabvisa vakundwaidzwa kuti "clumsy yakanamatira pasi."
Kitchen fekitori yakagadzira vanhu vavengi
Basa rekupedzisira rinotenderwa raiita shanduko dzinoverengeka dzinoverengeka. Chekutanga pane zvese, chivakwa chiri vatatu pasi, kwete zviviri. Muchokwadi, chikamu chepakati uye pane ese mana pasi. Zororo rekugadzirira-kudya kwemanheru kudhirowa rakawedzerwa neiyo projekiti kubva ku500 kusvika pamakumi mashanu emadhora pazuva, uye zvese zvezuva nezuva kitchencent chinotsanangurwa panzvimbo pegumi - gumi nemaviri madhiri.
Chivako chakavakirwa neuchato-chehunyanzvi hwekushandisa, zvichibva pane zvakaitika pakuvakwa kwekicheni mafekitori muMoscow uye Ivanovo-voznesensk.
Iyo yekutanga pasi pehurongwa hwakagara mucherechedzo, snack bar, cafe, yegizi-yakapedza shopu yezororo uye imba yekudyira yevanhu mazana mana. Mune yechipiri - imba yekudyira, buffet, library, commodity hofisi uye commodity laboratory. Muchikamu chechitatu - kirabhu, makamuri emurgable, Lobby, chiitiko uye halloal Hall yevanhu mazana matanhatu. Zvekare, mune yekupedzisira fomu, hazvisi zvese pfungwa dzakazadzika.
Kune vashandi vebasa, kufamba kwakaparadzana, kamuri ine shawa. Mushandi mumwe nemumwe, achiuya kubasa, aigona kugeza, akabva aichinja mumusangano, mushure mezvo akatotsvaga basa.
Kumashure kwefekitori, kicheni yakaiswa, firiji yezvigadzirwa zvekuparara, chitoro chemichero, kudzikisira uye kugeza kwemiriwo, etc.-etc. inotsigirwa masangano
Iyo kicheni yakashandirwa nemahwendefa maviri nemabhodhi 27 ekubika. Kupisa kupisa.
Sekureva kwehurongwa, muna 1928, vavaki vaiisa hwaro muna 1929 kuti vapedze chivakwa muchivako, saka munguva yechando kuti vaite zvemukati, uye kubva muchirimo kana zhizha kana zhizha racho rakatanga basa refekitori yekicheni .
Vakabva varonga kuti vaizopedzisa kuvakwa kusvika kugumi nematatu muna Gumiguru, ndiko kuti, nekudonha kwa1930. Asi zvakare nekufamba kwenguva hazvina kusangana. Padanho rekupedzisira, basa rakaitwa kune masangano okuvaka gumi nerimwe, izvo zvisina kufunga zvakakodzera kuronga zviito zvavo pakati pavo, uye zvinhu zvakawanda zvaifanira kuitwa. Nguva dzose chimwe chinhu chisina kushaiwa - zvemagetsi panel, transformers, maburi ekubika, chishandiso chokubikisa chinopisa zvinwiwa, nezvimwe. Iye oga, aine zvidhina zvaisanyanyoka - vakagamuchira mamirioni mana nehafu kubva ku disassaly yemitsara yekutengesa uye chechi yeKazan.
Yakavakwa pamanadha. Seventity upStess yakakwenenzverwa mbudzi - iyo yakakosha mudziyo, iyo mabhanhire akasungirirwa pamapfudzi uye kumashure kweiyo mutambi, uko makumi maviri kana matatu ematani ezvidhinha akaiswa. Vakavaka zvakanyanya vasingashandi, bragide nezvombo uye vakanenge vakafa neMoscow. Hapana munhu akapiswa nekushingairira. Muscovites vaiwanzogumburwa - iyo CRC yemunharaunda yakanga isingade kuvapinza nekuda, uye saka kodzero dzekugamuchira maindasitiri haana kushanda kuna vaGerishalners. Nomuzvarirwo, mazuva ese vaifunga zvakawanda nezvakawanda nezveDemobels pane nezvekuvaka kunogadzirwa.
Vanhu vemunharaunda havana zvakare kuomeswa nekushingaira. Mapepanhau akanyunyuta nezve dzidziso yakakura uye chokwadi chekuti vashandi mazana matatu chete 68 vakanyorwa nezvakarohwa, uye maviri chete akasungira pano kusvikira kumagumo ekuvaka. Zororo, zvinobuda, zvinogona kusvetuka pamukana wekutanga. Izvi, zvisinei, zvaive zvakare zvisiri nyore nguva dzose kana kuvakwa kwenzvimbo yekuvaka kwakaramba. Asi kazhinji kazhinji kwake mvumo chaiyo yekudzingwa kupiwa mubatanidzwa wevavaki. Inogona kuoneka, kwaive nevanonzwisisa vanhu vakanyatsoshanda, zviri pano mirairo.
Ehe, vazhinji muguta vakamwiswa: Iwe hauchazovi nechinhu chinobika mufekitori iyi. Kuvakwa kwaiwanzo kukomberedzwa nezvipembenene, uye zvinotarisirwa munguva idzodzo.
Semuenzaniso, chivakwa cheKrrygin chakagadzira chivakwa chakagoverwa kuitira kuti imba diki igovaniswe yekugadzira, uye izvi hazvina kupa mukana wekuenderera mberi nekuendesa mafekitori. Zvakanaka vashandi vavo mukati memoyo miviri vakacherekedza kuiswa uye vakamumisa nenguva. Sezvinoratidzwa nekunonoka kuwedzerwa kwemuviri uri pasi pechikamu chekugadzira.
Hapana munhu, nenzira, haana kushamisika, nei pasina ruzivo nezvezvinyorwa zveKrritin mumabhuku emuno emunharaunda uye paInternet? Asi munhu wacho akagadzira chivakwa chekutanga chepasi rose yemhando idzva uye nguva itsva muTula. Uye ndizvozvo kuti hapana. Chii chekurangarira nezvake, nezvevavengi? Iyo Architect Krygingin, ichiri kuzadza kuvaka, uye yatova, nekutenda kune vashandi veAlarm yemukati, vakapfurwa kuti lubrication.
Uye iri ndeimwe dare remvura raizivikanwa harizivikanwe nezvekukanganisa kukuru - chokwadi chekuti kusanzwisisika kwevhu revaivhu veTula havana kukohwa, ndosaka kuvaka kwaigara paine matambudziko aigara achida kugadziriswa.
Kurova
Muedzo yekuyedzwa, kicheni yakashanda kare kubva pakutanga kwaFebruary, kuendesa madhiri achangobva kugadzirira pane zvombo. Asi kuwanikwa kwepamutemo kwakaitika kumaawa matanhatu manheru munaFebruary 24. Pakanga pane zviuru zvevaeni vakakoka kwaari, vazhinji vevamwe vanodhakwa emabhizinesi eTula.
Mushure meiyo chikamu chepamutemo chefekitori-kitchen yakarapwa nemasampula ezvigadzirwa zvavo - madhiri echokwadi.
Ehe, vemo vemuno vanoti izwi ravo:
"Isu tinomutsa hupenyu hutsva,
Uye zvekutanga -
Vavengi Vedu -
Tidzivire Kubva Mukuvaka Socialism
Uye nhanho dzinotambirwa.
MuChidhomu cisishes neAvar,
Hupenyu hwekare haipere.
Fekitori-kicheni kurova
"Kurova kwakasimba kune zviri nyore zuva nezuva."
Chivako chitsva chakanyatso kuve nekudada chaiko. Zuva nezuva fekitori vakapinda vatatu kana vana. Uye vakayemura mudziyo wemukati kwenguva yakareba. Saka, muna Kurume 1933, "Kommunar" Akashuma kuti: "Musi waKanzuru 18, kanzuru yeguta, pamwe neGorzhilsoyUz, kuronga kushanya kweTula. Vabatsiri vachashanyira bakery, fekitori yekicheni, yekuwachira, iyo Szardoshet museum. Kufamba kwekunakidzwa kwakagadzirirwa zuva rese. Mushure mekufamba, vatori vechikamu vanogashira masikati. Rekodha pane rwendo muGorzhisilsuyuzu (Utility dhipatimendi) mu t. Tisova uye mukanzuru yeguta (muzinda webasa, com №13), nhamba yefoni 12. Imba yekubatira, nenzira, chivakwa chaive chakakwanisika kuyemura fekitori nyowani-kicheni kubva pahwindo - vavakidzani nePurashi razvino wemapiyona.
Chokwadi, kushingairira zvine chekuita nekuchena kwekugara kwevanhu vakakurumidza kusimuka kumwe. Vashanyi vakatanga kunyunyuta nezvaantisanitia, tsvina, ndiro dzisina kunaka. Asi ichi imwe nyaya yese isina chero chinhu chakafanana neyakajeka zano rekusunungurwa kwevanhu kubva kuhuranda hwekichena.