Nyika yakamirirwa kwenguva refu, mambo weHungary nePoland Vladislav III uye Dhivhosi Georgy Brangy Brann Tabard Brokans Kuchinjana kwakanyorwa kuvimbiswa kukuru kwakanyorwa kwakaitika kuburikidza nevamiriri. Makore gumi emakore ekurwira pakati pekurwa pakati peasmans nevatori vechikamu veEuropean vegakava vakaziviswa.
Zvisinei, baba vechiRoma, vatove pakutanga kwekutaurirana, kwaipesana nenyika. Iyo yekare mutemo yeRoma Catholic yechiitiko ichiita chishandiso chenyika nemaoko evatambi uye apa vakamuwana nyanzvi mukutarisana neCarinal Juliano Cesarini, yaimbova pamambo. Nekudaro, kwete nguva ino, - Vladislav iii, kunyangwe hupfupi, hwaive nechikonzero chakakwana chekumisa pakubudirira kunowanikwa. Nehurombo, iyo Balkan, pfungwa dzainge dzisina kukwana kwenguva yakareba ...
Pergury
MurADAI II kurasikirwa mune diki asia kuti apedze kukunda kwake. Kwaingova neye mumwechete asina kujairika emahara emakara uye munguva pfupi akadonha pasi pekurohwa kwemauto eOttoman akananga naShutan. Mushure meizvozvo, Sultan akasarudza kuti basa rake rakapera mukutonga kwepasi, uye aigona kuita tsika yemweya, kuzvipira kusiya simba, munyengetero uye kudzidza quran. Muna 1444, anodzokera kuchigaro cheushe achifarira mwanakomana wake Mehmed, aive nemakore gumi nemaviri panguva iyoyo uye akabvisa kuManaisa.
Sezvo anga anzwa nezvazvo, Cardinal Juliano Cesarini zvakare anotanga kuramba mambo weVladislav III kuti aenderere mberi neCrusade uye "Score" pamhiko, ichivimbisa mvumo yacho nezita rezita rezita rePapa. Mashandiro emakadhi emakadhi akaimba mune yakakurumbira musicle yeUSSR "Vatatu Vatski":
"Kuna iye ane chirwere chechokwadi, iyo Pass iri kuParadhiso yakarairwa kumberi."Mukoma wechidiki Vladislav III anopa vanhu vanotarisira vanhu, asi Serbian Despot Gerkovich Branck Cardinal ichagamuchira kubva papa "mvumo kubva pamuti" kuna mambo, pamwe nemauto madiki kubva papepa uye teutonic knights, uyo akafunga kuti mushandirapu akatendeka uye achaunza purofiti.
Kune divi reCardinal raive rekuti VaVoivan Hunyadi, vakashuvira kukunda kutsva uye kuzviwona iye anorema weEast Europe kubva kuOttomoman iga. Uye muna 1444, kutyora chibvumirano cherunyararo, maCrusaders akatangazve crusade. Zvaiita kunge rombo rakanaka kuvaperekedza. Padanho Ottomans, kunyange mune iyo Mukomana - Mehmed II, mauto ese eOttoman mauto eOttolia anotarisisa muAnatolia, iyo Papa uye yeVenetian uye isina kuganhurisa yegungwa, uye kwete kuendesa iyo Sultan's mauto mumvura, uye vane mushandirapamwe murefu. Chinangwa cheCrusader yaive nekukurumidza uye kukunda mushandirapamwe pane iyo guta guru reSultanate - Edirne. Nekudaro, zvese hazvina kufamba maererano nechirongwa.
MurADA II mhinduro
Yekutanga "Nezhdanchik" yakabhururuka kumunda wemunda wamambo nenhau iyo MurAD II yakatsamwa paJoke uye akafunga "kubvunza nezvenyaya iyi" nekutyora kwezvipikirwa izvi. Akatora zvakare simba mumugodhi mumaoko ake uye achapinza mushandirapamwe wekurwisa crusaders, panguva ino pachangu. Kunyange vladislav iii, kana Cardinal Juliano czarini aisatarisira nguva yakadaro yezviitiko.
Chishamiso chechipiri chisina kunaka chakashandurwa cheOttoman uto kuGungwa, padanho, iyo gallery, iyo yakapihwa Muradi II, muchikumbiro chake, - vakwikwidzi-vakamira venice. Sezviri pachena chishuvo cheku "pombi" vanokwikwidza vanobviswa kwavari chero tsika dzakanaka. Papaya neVenetian Mucherechedzi haana kugona kuita chero chinhu, nekuti Uye dardanella uye bosporus inodzora Ottoman pamhenderekedzo yegungwa.
Hondo yavarwi vakatama zvishoma nezvishoma, nhare dzavaisangana nayo munzira yakaramba ichitora uye ichirova zvakakwana. Mambo aifanira kutora dutu ravo, kana kupfuura. Uye kunyangwe vamwe veBulgaria neValah vehondo vakapinda mumakambani munzira inoenda kune vaCrasads, nhamba yakazara yezviuru zvinopfuura 7, vafundisi vakasungirirwa zvishoma pane kuronga. Ivo havana kusvika Edirna, mauto maviri akasangana pasi peBoa.
Uye maererano nehuwandu hweasmans, zvakapfuura mudzvanyiriri wavo. Huwandu hwevakapokana hunofungidzirwa kubva pane gumi nematanhatu kusvika pamakumi maviri nemaviri "pro", chete machinda uye mercenari uye "mauto enhamo dzakanaka" kubva kuEurope, akaenda kune ino crusade. Hondo yeMurad inotariswa, nemazwi evanodzora, hombe, vanhu vanopfuura zviuru zana. Kunyangwe izvi zvishanduri zvishoma nezvishoma nechokwadi, kufunga nezve chokwadi chekuti ivo vakasvika pagungwa uye ivo vasina nguva yakawanda yekubhadhara mushandirapamwe. Sekureva kwenhoroondo D. Engel kwaive zviuru makumi mana kana kwete akawanda akawanda.
"Kavalericard, makore zana haasiye zvikuru" kana kuti chii chinokonzera kupenga kwegamba
Maonero emauto ari kusvika eOttomans, maererano neshumo yevakuru vepamberi, vaisakwanisa kukurudzira kugunun'una. Yekutanga yekuomarara kwemamiriro ezvinhu akaendeswa neCardinal Czarini. Kurwa kwaizoitika pamhenderekedzo yegungwa rakanyorova, kubva kuchamhembe kwechiratidzo charo. Iyo nharaunda yakanga yakayambuka negomo nekaruva pakati pemipata yemipata, iyo yakatetepa kuchamhembe.Akakurudzira chirongwa chine musoro kwazvo, - kuisa ngoro mune yakafukidzwa mraba uye kurwa nekuda kwekugara, kumirira kusvika kwechiitiko chechiKirisitu uye mushure meizvozvo kana kuyangarara, kana kuti kukwevera muvengi. Iwo anonzi ngoro kana sezvaainzi Sagittarius neCosstacky gare gare, - boka rekufamba. Inowirirana muEurope, mumakore ekupedzisira emakore, iyo nzira yekuitisa hondo ine mupikisi wepamusoro uye anorwisa. Mambo iye amene uye vazhinji vaona knights yemauto pakutanga vakabvumiranwa, asi pano izwi rakatora Janos Hunyadi.
Ndiani kana uyo akadana kuseri kwemutauro wemutungamiriri uyu asina kujeka. Kunyangwe iye pachezvake akazozivikanwa nekuita kwekungwarira kwehondo yekudzivirira, nemauto emuvengi akakurisa, kutaura kwake kwaive kwekutonga uye hupombwe. Hunyadi akasimbirira kuti izvi zviito zvisina kukodzera kuuto riri kuuya kuuya kuzokunda. Saka iwe unogona chete kuita chiito kana uto rakundwa uye uku ndiko kugara kwekupedzisira.
Gare gare, kururamisa tsamba pamberi pei papa, anobvuma chikanganiso chinouraya, zvichiratidza kuti "imwe nhanho yekusimbisa isina hanya yakabata mwoyo yedu." Zvinosara kuita "kururamisa" - kwete "moyo yedu", asi "mwoyo wake", uye akatokotapudza munhu wese aine kusanyengera kwake.
Hondo yekupedzisira yamambo vladislav
Nekuda kweizvozvo, uto rakatanga kurwisa kwavo, ngoro nemakadhi emarwi aive ari kumashure kweiyo semicircle. Iye anotora chikamu chehondo yeAndreas pallastio, akarondedzera zvese zvakaitika, akaudza kuti zvaive kuitira kuti varwe varwi kurwa, kwete kuvanda. Iye mukuru wemauto ese ari maviri aigara chinzvimbo pakati pemauto avo.
Murad, - Yakakomberedzwa naJanichari, kumashure kweTrenches uye Pasi Shaft, iyo yekupinda uye kuwana mubheji rakachengetedzwa kwazvo. Mukuwedzera, makamera aivapo, anenge misoro mazana mashanu, akaremerwa nemateereri akasiyana siyana, anokoshesa negoridhe, akamira ipapo kuti muvengi aparadzanise kubheja. Mune ino kesi, zvaive zvakafanira kuvhura mabhegi uye kuparadzira zvakanaka kukanganisa muvengi kuti apambi.
Pasinei nekuita sevasina kusarudzika, Korumende dzeHalkondil, Kallima naDulgosh, (Byzantic, Italian uye Pole) Kutaurwa nezve ngamera. Padivi yeSultan Sultan ichadzingwa pfumo, iyo panzvimbo yemabhan'arako ichave neakakora chibvumirano. Hondo isati yatanga, achaitakurwa pamberi peuto muuchapupu hwekunyengera kwe "zvisiri izvo."
Vladislav III, akakomberedzwa nemauto knightly kubva kuna Mambo sweetheart, pasi pebhandi rekrinade (Red Cross riri munda chena) uye nhanho dzamambo dzichamirawo pakati pemauto ake. Uye kurwa kunopisa kuchatanga.
Hondo yakaenda mazuva maviri, nekuzorora kweusiku kuzorora kweusiku. Pakazosvika manheru ezuva rekutanga rehondo, King vladislav achaita kuti isarangarire kuita muhupenyu hwake hupfupi, iyo yaizopedzisira yamuparadza uye kuvimba nekukunda kwevakachengeta. Saka usatende shure kwekuti mukubvisa kwemhiko!
Saka, zuva rese rutivi rwunorwira nekubudirira kwakasiyana, vazhinji vaCrusadder vakakuvara, kusanganisira Hunyadi. Nekudaro, iyo voivo slealy yakatungamira hondo yese, ichifamba kubva kune iyo flank kune iyo flank uye yekugadzirisa reservation. Crusaders akagadzirirwa pekugara kwemakotoni, akabva aratidzazve, achigara akabata chinzvimbo.
Murwi weSulad aive muhondo ine ruzivo uye yakangwara yaYanychar uye Imperialial a Azoov uyo aive neruzivo rwehondo nevaEuropean apo maCrusaders aive atove aneta. VaEuropean vari parondedzero yePallatio vaive nemafungiro ayo maOtomi asina kukanganiswa muhondo iyi. Nekudaro, kunyange natiski iyi haina kutungamira mukupwanyika muhondo, mativi ese ari maviri anotakura kurasikirwa haana kukwanisa kuputsa basa rimwe nerimwe.
Panguva ino chaiyo, "akapfurwa" nekudada kwaMambo Vladislav III, The Byzantine munyori weHaldodil anotenda kuti "akakurudzira" rwendo "neHyunyadi rwendo uye kugonesa Mambo kuti vabatane neSultan. Chero zvazviri, asi mambo mudiki (asi mambo ane makore 19 chete), bhiza rakakurudzira uye rakamhanyisa kubheya reSultani, uye hafu yechiuru. Sekunyora kwaOttomily's's's, mambo naSeshry akadanidzira:
"Ndiri kuda kutaura pachangu newe, Murad! Triesty kubva pakutya! ".Nekudaro, iyo feat yeMelos Obruch, yakauraya tenzi weSultan Murad pane KosoD Field, vladislav haina kugadzirirwa kudzokorora. "Service yekuchengetedza" yeSultan nguva ino yakashanda zvisina mwero. Yanychars yakarambana, ichishaikwa mutasvi uye yakavharwa kwazvo, kuuraya bhiza rake. Vladislav Kubarem yakawira pasi.
Akakwanisa kupururudza achiti: "Sultan Murad! Mr ... ". Karaji Hondo haana hanya nekuchema kwake, akakurumidza kukanda, akabva anyima, akabva angosasa musoro wake kuhope uye akamupa kuna Shuteri. Ivo vese vanoenda navo vatasvi vake vachatevera mambo wavo. Nekudaro, pedyo hapana aiona rufu urwu nehusiku hwevakapokana vanozoshandisa mumusasa vachivimba kuti mambo mupenyu.
Mangwanani, iye monarch, akabatwa nepfumo, akaratidzwa pamberi penzvimbo dzavaKristu nevarwi veOttoman, vanoparadzira kunyepa kweuto revaCramads. Mushure mekuwana mari isina kubudirira kudzikisa muviri waMambo Hunyadi, mauto anozopfuura nepamakomo uye achakwanisa kusvika kuHungary mumazuva maviri. Nekudaro, zvinotora kusvika kure zvakanyanya kubva kune vese, vafundisi vazhinji kwazvo vachawira pasi pevana vari pasi pevaGatana vemuvengi, mumabhuruku, mapata nemazita.
Hondo yehondo
Musoro wamambo wamambo, mhiko, Sultan icharadzikwa, mumudziyo wegirazi, ichava muBerna. Ipapo, nemashoko eSerb, aivepo paOttoman, Murad achamupa sechipo kuCaulifa muCairo.
Zvinofanira kutaurwa kuti kuguma kwemakadhiini Juliano Cesarini, uyo akanyengetedza Vladislava kuputsa mhiko iyi, akashungurudzikawo zvakanyanya. Akaedza, achibika negoridhe, pakupera kwezuva rekutanga kwehondo "kubudikidza nomumanje akati," Kubudikidza nomumanje, "Yakawanikwa muSwamps Nude uye Akavhunika Akakuvadzwa"
Saka zvinosuruvarisa zvakaguma neizvi, Munguva pfupi, Serbia, Valahia, Bulgaria neAlbania ichashandurwa zvakare. Zvese balkan ichave musimba revaOttomans kwemazana emakore akati wandei.
Mabhuku uye zvinyorwa
- N. Zhigari "Hondo kuVarna 1444 uye yayo nhoroondo migumisiro" (zvichienderana nezvinhu zvePolish uye Serbia Source).
- Medhy Neshry "allowd paChiedza: Nhoroondo yeOttoman dvor."