Kutsikiswa kwemaguta akafambisa zvakanyanya basa revakadzi veimba, nekuti kubheka pane chitofu chegesi kuri nyore kupfuura kubheka pazvipimo kana kerogaz. Iko kuendesa kwemakamuri emabhodhi uye tpps kubva kumarasha kana mafuta mafuta pane gasi rakapinza rakatsikisa mamiriro ezvemamiriro ekunze ematunhu.
Kusavapo kweGaza muMadhireni Gasi Pepa Pleizeni kuchaita kuti ticastrophe zvachose guta richamira.
Ndeipi nhoroondo yekutsikisa uye iyo gasi kusimbisa kwemaguta makuru munguva yedu?
Mune iyo USSR, Gasimbisa yakatanga kuma1940.
Muna 1942, kuvaka kweiyo saratov-moscow gasi gasi rakatanga. Iyi gasi pombi, 840 km kwenguva yakareba, yakapera muna Chikunguru 1946. Kuvakwa kweL. P. Beria yakatariswa, uye yakanyanyisa kutaura kuti chirongwa chekuvaka chakaonekwa chisina kukodzera uye nemhando yepamusoro kwazvo. Iyi gasi pombi yakapihwa mamirioni emamirioni egasi paGasi reGasi, zviuru zana zvemakumi mairi. .
Muna 1944 akatanga ivakwe, uye muna 1946 Dashava-Kiev gasi Mapaipi rakapera, izvo akanunura negasi kubva deposits muWestern kuUkraine guru reRepublic. Zvino muna 1950 kuenderera mberi kweiyi pombi yegesi kwakavakirwa kuMoscow. Iyo gasi pombi yakapa anenge mamirioni maviri cubic meters yegasi zvakasikwa pagore.
Kubva ma1950s, gasetation yakaenderera mberi nekumhanya kwakakwirisa. Muna 1960s, maguta makuru eUSSR akaiswa. Nzvimbo yeKerogaz uye yekutanga mukicheni yakatora magesi egasi. Kerosene Stench neCitchens aenda, magesi echitoga anoshanda zvakanyanya ruzha ruzha uye akagadzikana, uye ma ovens anobvumidzwa kugadzira ndiro nyowani, bheka yakabikwa kana dhadha yakazara.
Ndeipi mwero wekutsikisa maguta eRussia aripo?
Kwemakore gumi nematatu apfuura, chikamu cheSetsization chakawedzera ne14% uye kusvika 70.1%, kubva muna 2005 kusvika 2010 gasi gasi peillini yakavakirwa nehurefu hwakareba km km. Zvirongwa zvehurumende kusvika 2025 chengetedza kusvika 95% yezvinhu zvese zvinogara, zvine hunyanzvi kugona kubatana.
Iyo nzira nhasi yakadaro - gasi rekuparadzira gasi rekugovera kuwedzera uye rakavakirwa ipapo, mavanga arega ana kare, dzichifura gasi mumisha uye nzvimbo dzedunhu. Asi muMegalopolis mune dzimwe dzimba nyowani hapana gasi, sezvo zvivakwa zvemagetsi mukicheni fashoni.
Kutendeuka network kwakarongedzwa nekumanikidzwa, nzvimbo, kudzika kwakadzika.
Dzvinyiriro yekugadziriswa:
- Yakakwirira kumanikidza gasi peilline (0.3 kusvika 1.2 MPA) inoshandirwa negesi yekuzvidzora kwesiganti yepakati pekumanikidza uye maindasitiri emabhizimusi.
- Middle yekumanikidza gasi pombi (kupfuura 0,005 kusvika 0.3 mpa) chengetedza yakaderera kudzvinyirira masisitimu, madiki mashandisirwo uye zvinoshandiswa.
- Yakadzika kudzvinyirira gasi peilline (kusvika 5000 PA) inopa gasi kune vatengi uye zvinoshandiswa.
Reference. 5000 pa = 0.05 kgf / sq. Cm.
Nzvimbo Yenzvimbo:
- kunze kana kwemukati;
- terrestrial kana pasi pevhu.
Kuongororwa pakadzika kwegesi pombi pombi, maererano nemirairo:
- Pasi pemamiriro ekongiri yakasimba kana asphalt coating - kanokwana 0,8 m;
- munzvimbo dzine "dzisina" nyika - kanokwana 0.9 m;
- Kusvikira kuma 1.5 metres - gasi pombi yegasi gasket yakaoma gasi (zvichienderana neiyo ivhu risina kugadzikana munguva yechando - uye zvakadzika);
- Kubva pamamita 0,6 - mune nharaunda dzemadhorobha, zvakapa kuti kushomeka kwekufambisa kunovimbiswa.
Ndeapi masheya egasi echisikigo?
Magasi emagasi anoongororwa nhasi, zvakasikwa gasi reservation zvinofungidzirwa pa 187.3 trillion. cubic meters.
Dzinenge makumi maviri neshanu muzana dzepasi rese gasi reserves ndeye Russian. Iran owsown 17.09% yeZvesimba, uye Qatar - 12.20%. Kupfuurirazve neUSA, Saudi Arabia, Turkmenistan uye UAE.
Maererano neOPEC, 3946.1 Bhirioni Cubic Meters yegesi pagore inogadzirwa gore rimwe nerimwe - Tichine stock yakanaka. Asi funga kupfuura zvese izvi zvinogona kutsiviwa - ndizvo chaizvo zvinodiwa.
Ndingatsiva sei gasi rinopedzwa simba? Atomic anofambisa pamaune neutrons? Thermfungucle Station?
Ramangwana rinoratidza, kunyangwe pasina imba yekudyara uye isingazivikanwe kana iri, iyo inonyanya kufuratira iwe-238, iyo munguva yedu ichiri kutariswa kutambisa maitiro ekugadzirisa - vari kutovakwa. Saka, uranium yeanoshanda, isu kamwe kamwe tinobva mazana mazhinji, izvo zvichaita kuti zviwedzere kuwanda kwevagetsi.
Panguva ino, kuuya mukicheni, vazhinji vedu tinoenda kugeti yegesi uye vanotendeuka pane inopisa kuti ibude masikati. Chinhu chikuru ndechekuti gasi mumapipi.
Magetsi anogona kunge asiri iwo. Asi zvekuti hapana gasi - zvechokwadi hapana chinhu chakadai!
Munyori - Igor Vadimov
Kunobva - Springzhizni.ru.