Mutungamiriri wechiuya weWorld pulletariat aive nezvinopfuura makumi matatu pseudonyms. Nei akambomira izvozvi?
Joseph Jugashvili, achiri kuyaruka anobva kumhuri yeGeorgia yeGeorgian, muna 1894 akapinda semweya yemweya uye aifanira kuve mupristi. Asi pazera ramakore gumi nemashanu akasangana naMarxism, akabatana nemapoka epasi pevhu revapanduki uye akatanga hupenyu hwakasiyana zvachose. Kubva ipapo, Jugashvili akatanga kugadzira "mazita" kwaari. Makore gare gare, sarudzo yakamira panyatsobudirira - Stalin. Iyi pseudonym inoziva zvinopfuura surname chaiyo; Pasi pake akapinda nyaya yake. Zvakaitika sei kuti Jugashvili yakava Stalin uye zita iri rakagadzirwa rinorevei?
Tsika
Iyo pseudodms muRussia yaive yenguva dzose uye yakajairika, kunyanya munzvimbo yeNecigegentsia uye yekuchinja. Nhengo dzese dzebato uye marxists kubva pachivande mavheneketi zvikawanda, izvo zvakaita kuti zvikwanise kuvhiringidza mapurisa nenzira yakasimba (lenin, semuenzaniso, yaive nehafu nehafu). Uyezve, isu takasiyana tsika kuti tifire zvinhu zvakazara kubva kumazita anodiwa kwazvo eRussia.
"Zvaingobviswa chero munhu akangwara anoti, zvaive pachena kune chero mushandi uye, zvainyanya kukosha, raitarisira zita rese rekupedzisira," munyori wenhoroondo William Pokhbkin mubhuku rinoti "pseudominm." Semuenzaniso, nekunyoresa kuIV-M Congress, iyo jugashvili pati phose pseudonym ivanovich (panzvimbo yeIvan). Kubviswa kwakadaro pachinzvimbo cheAlias of vladimir ulyanova - lenin (panzvimbo ye lena). Uye kunyange nhengo dzebato idzodzo dzadzo mazita avo akatorwa kubva kuZita reRussia, akatorawo pseudonyms - anobva kune rimwe zita.
Zvichida tsika yechipiri ine simba yaive yekushandisa iyo "zoological" pseudonyms - kubva kubeche kwemhuka, shiri nehove. Ivo vakasarudzwa nevanhu vaida zvimwe zvinyatso kuratidza hunhu hwavo hwakajeka mumazita emugodhi. Uye pakupedzisira, nzungu ndivo vanhu vanobva kuCaucasus - Georgians, maArmenians, Azerbaijanis. Ivo vakaregeredza mitemo yekubvunzurudza kazhinji, kusarudza maAicias neCaucasian "tint". Koba - Jugashvili akazvidaidza kuti kazhinji mubato kusvika 1917. Yaive yakanyanya kuzivikanwa pseudominm mushure meStalin.
Koba
Kune Georgia, zita rekuti Koba rine chekufananidzira. Mumapoka evatorwa vevatorwa, Stalin achafunga nezvepfungwa yekuti akamukweretesa pamusoro pegamba rezvinyorwa zveGeorgian reAlexander Kazbegi "Otseubyza". Mukati maro, Hothless Koba kubva kuhuwandu hwevarimi-hutsinye zvakatungamira mukurwira kwerusununguko rwekumusha kwavo kumusha kwavo. Mudiki Stalin mufananidzo uyu waingangove uri pedyo, asi zvinofanirwa kutakurwa mupfungwa kuti zita raKob iri sekondari.
Koba ndiye Georgia yakaenzana mushure mekunge Mambo wePezhiya Jodees, akakunda Eastern Georgia pakupera kwezana remakore regumi uye akagadzira Tbilisi kuguta guru kwemakore zana nemashanu. Uye iyi nhoroondo yezviitiko izvi, seboka rezvematongerwo enyika uye murimi, akaiswa Jugashvili zvakanyanya. Pakati pekurohwa kwaive kunyange mapoka avo ezvinyorwa zvavo.
Nekudaro, kare muna 1911, zvaive zvakafanira kuti uchinje iyo hombe pseudonym - iyo nhoroondo mamiriro ezvinhu aidikanwa. Chokwadi ndechekuti chiitiko cheJugashvili vakatanga kuenda kunharaunda yeTranscausan, kushuvira kwake, pamwe nekubatana kwemasangano echiRussia emitambo, akakura, uye Koba senge pseudonym yakanakira chete muCaucasus chete muCaucasus. Mumwe mutauro uye tsika dzetsika zvaida kutenderera kwakasiyana. Kekutanga, pseudin's pseudinm's, akasaina munaJanuary 1913 pasi pebasa "marxism nemubvunzo wenyika".
Iyo pseudinominm yakabvepi?
Mhinduro kumubvunzo uyu yave isingazivikanwe kwenguva yakareba. Muhupenyu hweStalin, zvese zvine hanya ne biology yake, zvaisakwanisa kuve nyaya yekukurukurirana, kutsvakwa kana kunyange hypotheses kubva kune mumwe munyori wenhoroondo. Zvese izvo "mutungamiri wevanhu" vaine chekuita nemubatanidzwa wemarxism-leninism, mune hwaro hwaive hwaro hwaJoseph Stalin nekuchengeterwa zvinhu zvakanyanyisa. Kutaura zvazviri, kusvikira stalin yaive mupenyu, pakanga pasina kutsvagisa pane izvi zvinhu. Uye mushure mekufa kwake, nguva refu haina kuongorora chero chinhu ichi nekuda kwekutongwa kwehunhu hwaStalin.
Zvakangodaro, mushure mekuchinja kwakatanga, kutanga kwa1920s, bato racho raizivikanwa munzvimbo yebato "Stalin" ingori mushandirwi muRussia mudzi weGeorgia "Juga", izvo zvinorehwa "simbi". Mhinduro yacho yaiita kunge isinganzwisisike. Yaive iri vhezheni yakadzokororwa yambotaurwa mumabhuku pane Stalin, uye mubvunzo wekutangira kwaPseudonym rakatariswa "kubviswa".
Asi izvi zvese zvakazova ngano, kana kuti panzvimbo, kungogadzirisa (uye kufunga), kusanganisira pakati peGeorgi. Muna 1990, munyori wechiGeorgian - mutambi wechiGeorgian - mutambi wekare wekusungwa weStalin Cisk of China Buachiidze akanyora nezvenyaya iyi: "" Juga "zvinoreva kuti kwete" simbi "yese. "Juga" izwi rechihedheni rekare kwazvo rine zita rePeresian, pamwe rakapararira panguva yeKarania kutonga pamusoro peGeorgia, uye zvinoreva kuti ingori zita. Iko kukosha semazita mazhinji asina kushandurwa. Zita sezita, seRussia Ivan. Nekuda kweizvozvo, Jugashvili zvinoreva chete "mwanakomana waJuga" uye hapana chimwe chinhu. "
Zvinoitika, kuti mavambo ePseudonym, iro zita chairo raStalin rakanga risina hukama. Pazvakava pachena, zvakatanga kuita zvakasiyana siyana. Pakati pavo pakanga paine nyaya iyo Stalin yakatora pseudominm, yakavakirwa pazita romumwe wake pabato uye mistress Lyudmila Simbi. Imwe vhezheni: jugashavvili yakatora iyo chete-isingachinjiki zita rezita neiyo pseudomonym lenin.
Asi iyo yakanyanya kujairika hypothesis yakasarudzwa nemunyori wezvenhau William Schlebkin, akazvitsaurira kune ino basa rekutsvagisa. Mukufunga kwake, zita renhau rakasununguka Evgeny veStefanovich, mumwe wevaparidzi veRussia vakakurumbira uye mushanduri weRussia muRussia muTiger Shamre, yaive prototype yeiyo aliasum. Stalin aida nhetembo iyi zvakanyanya uye akafara nebasa reShota rustaveli (ake ane makore manomwe emakore ekutanga akarembera muna 1937 muBolshoi Theatre. Asi nekuda kwechimwe chikonzero, akarayira kuti vavanze mamwe ese editions. Shanduro yemitauro yakawanda ye 1889 neshanduro yeStalinsky yakabatwa kubva pakuratidzwa kwerondedzero, tsanangudzo dzeBhaibheri, haina kutaurwa muzvinyorwa zvekuverenga.
Nhoroondo yacho inopedzisa achiti: "Stalin, ichipa chirevo chekuvanza chinyorwa cha889, chakatarisira nzvimbo yekutanga iyo" chakavanzika "chekusarudzwa kweiyo pseudominm yavo yaisaziviswa." Nekudaro, kunyange "pseudominm" yeRussia yaive yakabatana neGeorgia uye neyemuhukama hwehudiki hweJugashvili.
Catherine Sinlshchikov