Mari yacho iri muchimiro chayo yemazuva ano yakaoneka chete muVii zana kusvika kuguva yedu. Pakutanga, vanhu vainakidzwa nemabhiza anodhura, uyezve mapepa emapepa akaiswa muhupenyu hwezuva nezuva. Uye kusati kwamuka kwemari yemazuva ano, vanhu vakamanikidzwa kutenga zvinhu uye masevhisi achishandisa zvinhu zvakayeuchidza mari chete kure. Semuenzaniso, maIndia eSouth America akashandisa mashells uye maparera nekuda kwezvinangwa izvi. Uye dzimwe nzvimbo dzepasi redu, basa remari rakaitwa nemombe dzimba nematehwe avo. Kwemakore, anochera matongo akawana madhiri endarira uye mhete dzainge dzagara dzakaremerwa zvakafanana. Dancch masayendisiti akaisa pfungwa kuti afunge kuti izvi zvinhu zvakashandiswawo semari. Uye vakapa tsananguro inonzwisisika pakupera kwavo - vanhu vaive vasiri chimiro chenyaya yacho, asi zvinyorwa zvaari maakaitwa.
Century yezana ramakore
Mari yekutanga kwazvo munyika yakaudzwa muPlos imwe yesainzi yesainzi. Munharaunda yeEurope, archaeology yawana nguva yakareba yakawanikwa kazhinji yezana remakore rendarira, izvo zvakatanga munenge muzana nezvezana reXwdv isati yasvika nguva yedu. Zvinenge zvese zvepfuma idzi pane zvinhu zvemhando nhatu: madiki madiki, mhete uye zvinonzi "edges" - zvigadzirwa nenzira yezvirudzi zvakazaruka. Pfuma yaive nezviuru zvemakiromita kubva kune mumwe nemumwe, asi maumbirwo, saizi uye huwandu hwezvinhu zvaive zvakafanana kwese kupi. Munguva yekudzidza kweaya masayeti, masayendisiti eDutch aive nepfungwa - uye chii kana vakaita zvekutanga munhoroondo yemari?
Chinhu chikuru chemari yemari ndechekuti ivo vanofanirwa kuve nemhando imwechete. Ndokunge, kana fungidziro yemasayendisiti ichokwadi, zvinhu zvinowanikwa zvinofanirwa kunge zvakaenzana nemisa. Sechikamu chebasa resainzi, vaongorori vakashandisa zvinhu makumi mashanu Pakati pavo pakanga paine makumi matanhatu nemakumi matanhatu nemakumi matanhatu nematanhatu, 2639 zvindori uye 1780 "vanobatana". Aya ese anozvifunga zvakaunganidzwa kubva kune pfuma dzakasiyana, ndiko kuti, pakanga paine maisini akasiyana uye akaitwa panguva dzakasiyana. Zviyero zvazvino zviyero zvakaratidza kuti avhareji yehuwandu hwechinhu chimwe nechimwe ndeye 195 gramu. Kana iwe ukatora axze yendarira uye, semuenzaniso, mhete, mune 70% ivo vanozoita kunge vakafanana nehuremu.
Zvinotevera kubva pane izvi kuti izvo zvinhu zvinowanikwa nevanochera matongo zvaigona kunyatsomiririra kukosha kwakafanana nevanhu vekare. Shumba yakadaro yemari inogona kungochinjana nechitoro. Asi varidzi vaigona zvakare kuvashandisa chinangwa chavo: Cheka huni dzemoto, uye vanopfeka zvindori paminwe. Pano chete pane chinangwa chipi chazvinogoneka kushandisa "mbabvu", sainzi ichiri kusazivikanwa chaizvo. Asi chero zvakadaro, mune chero mamiriro ezvinhu, zvaigone kubatsira. Semuenzaniso, hapana chakanzwisa vanhu kuti vanyungudze chigadzirwa uye chiite chimwe chinhu kubva mundarira.
Onawo: Vanhu vakachengeta mari pamberi pemabhangi asati aonekwa?
Mari yekutanga chaiyo
Mumazana emakore ese akatevera, vanhu vakamira vachishandisa zvinhu uye vakatanga kungochinja chidimbu chesimbi. Ndarira, sirivheri, ndarira, simbi, goridhe uye zvimwe zvinhu zvinoshandiswa kukosha kukuru. Dzimwe nguva mabara esimbi aishandiswa semumambo wemari, asi zvaive zvisina kugadzikana nekuda kwezvikonzero zviviri. Kutanga, nguva imwe neimwe yavaida kuyera. Kechipiri, pakanga paine kudikanwa kwekuziva muenzaniso. Saka itsika yekudaidza uremu hwemukati mehukuru hwesimbi (goridhe, sirivheri, uye zvichingodaro) mune alloy.
Panenge panguva yeiyo vii century, kudzinga mari, iyo mari yatakajaira kwenguva yakareba. Vakakurumidza kupararira pamusoro pemakona ese epasi, nekuti ivo vaive nyore kuchengeta nekuzvizora. Asi munhoroondo yaive nguva apo mari ikanyangarika zvakare. Zvinokonzeresa zvakagara zvakasiyana. Semuenzaniso, muRussia muXII-XII-XII-XII, kuyerera kwesirivheri kubva kune dzimwe nyika kunotyaira. Pakanga pasina nzvimbo esirivheri mundima yedu, saka, mari yacho yakanga isiri kubva kune zvekugadzira. Asi mushure menguva inonzi "messenger nguva", mari yacho yakaonekwa zvakare. Uye kuoneka kwakaitika sekunyorova sekunyangarika.
Asi mari yemapepa yakaonekwa chete muna 910, kuChina. Muna 1661, iyo yekutanga mabhangi epasi yakadhindwa - izvi zvakaitika muStockholm (Sweden). Uye muRussia, iyo mari yekutanga yemapepa, inotaurwa nezvemimwe yemimwe mangozi, yakaunzwa muna 1769, panguva yebhodhi reCatherine II.
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