Gypsies anoti ivo vanhu vakapfuma. Sezvo ngano dzawo dzinotaura, mumwe iwo madzinza akagoverwa zvikamu zvapasi, uye ma gypsies akapa nyika yese. Uye zvechokwadi, zvinokwanisika kusangana nevamiriri verudzi urwu mune chero kona yepasi, munyika dzakasiyana siyana.
Icho chinhu chakadai cheGypsies izvo zvinokonzeresa vatsvagiri, nekuti kubvumidzwa kwekutanga kwevanhu kuri madikanwa kuwana midzi yake. Kuchengetedza tsika yako inoshamisa uye yakajeka, vanhu veGypsy vanoramba vari chakavanzika - inoratidzika, asi isingazivikanwe. Chii chingaudza nyaya yemagiraini? Ndivanaani vaiva madzitateguru avo? Uye madzinza eGypsy akabuditsa sei pasi rese?
Ethnonym
Kutanga kujairana nevanhu chero munhu anofanira kuongorora zita rake, nekuti panogona kunge paine zvimwe zvezvinyorwa uye kuumbwa. Sarudzo yakakurumbira yakakurumbira yekuzvibata-simbisa gypsies yaive izwi rekuti "rum" kana "Roma".
Chii chinonakidza, zvichienderana nenzvimbo yekurarama, kudzora kunogona kuchinja. Semuenzaniso, "scrap" inoshandiswa muArmenia. Sekureva kwaLinguists, idzi tsanangudzo dzinoenda kuIndo-yeEurope izwi "D'om" om "kurira kwekutanga kweiyo kunogona kushandura nekufamba kwenguva.
Izwi renguva dzose "Roma" Roma "rinowoneka kwenguva yekutanga muhupenyu" yehupenyu hweSt. George Aphonsky ", rini zuva iro Zana reCentury. Ikoko kuti iwe unogona kucherechedza izwi rekuti "atrean", iro raiiswa kuimba dzinza. Yakashandurwa kubva muchiGreek, yaireva kuti "zvisinga zinga". NEI ZVAKAITWA chaizvo chaizvo tsanangudzo - hazviiti, asi iro izwi rakanyatsogadzirirwa rudzi urwu.
Kana iwe uine mitauro yekune dzimwe nyika, kunyanya Chirungu, saka zvirokwazvo yakatoyerangarira rimwe zita Roma. VaBritish vanofonera "Jeepsi" ne fananidzo nevaIjipita. Pfungwa yakadaro yakaratidza kuti yekare mazano pamusoro pemakomba sevatorwa kubva kuIjipita.
Mavambo eGypsy
Sezvo Gypsy haana kunyora kwenguva yakareba, ngano chete dzevanhu ava dzakasvika nhasi nezvekwakabva. Asi chokwadi, mwaka zvishoma, saka iwe unofanirwa kuvaka yakawanda uye yakawanda hypotheses. Mu "brockhaus neEfron" Duramazwi, zvinonzi maGypsies ane indian midzi, iyo yakagadzwa nevanoverengeka vatsvagiri muXviii zana.
Chinhu chinowanzoitika, chekutaura "maonero esayenzi akaderedzwa kusvika zuva rekuzvarwa kwemadzitateguru emazuva ano yaive maIndia eGujarat naRajasthan. Genetics zvakare inosimbisa iyi vhezheni, zvisinei, zvinozivikanwa kuti kupatsanurwa kubva kumadzinza emukati kwakazoitika kupfuura kwezana ramakore rechi5 renguva yedu.
Asi sei uye nei madzitateguru eGypsies akasarudza kusiya nyika yavo? Iyi mibvunzo, kunyangwe vanyori venhoroondo havagone kupa mhinduro dzakarurama. Zvinotendwa kuti boka diki revaIndia vakatumirwa kuna mambo wePezhiya.
Hazvigoneke kusiya kuti munguva yemberi zvakakamurwa, uye chikamu chimwe chete chazvo chakaenda kunzvimbo dzePalestine, imwe kuEjipitori (pano ndiyo tsananguro yezita "DJaps"). Uye pano, zvakare, ini zvakare ndinokurudzira kubata nedata razvino razvino - genetics. Zvidzidzo zvinoratidza kuti kugadziriswa kweGypsies kwaitanga pakutanga nzira, sezvo pakutanga ivo vaimiririra chimiro cherudzi rweHolistic icho kwaive pasina kusvibiswa kwekunze.
Gypsies kuWestern Europe
Ndima yeNyika dzeEurope, RomA yakabva kuByzantium. MuMusangano weByzantine, vakavaitira nenzira inokosha, kugovera munharaunda, asi izvi hazvina kuvanzika pakukanganisa kodzero kana zvakadai.
Kuparadzanisa kweiyo kamwe simba raimbovasundira Roma kuti vatsvage hupenyu hwakanakisa. Imwe yeEurope yakauya magirazi ehupenyu, zvekunyengera, mapenzi uye varoyi, izvo zvinopesvedzera mafungiro asina kunaka evamiriri verudzi rwese.
Maitiro ekunyepedzera emagetsi, anobuda mumasokisi avo ezvekumashure kwedambudziko reEurope ari muboka rakakosha, iro raiwanzooneka mumitemo nemitemo (isina kujeka). Panguva imwecheteyo, kusarura gypsy kucherechedzwa.
Vanyori N. Bessonov uye N. DeMeter mubhuku rake "nhoroondo yeRom. Iko kutaridzika kutsva "kunotungamira iyo inotevera data:
"MuMoravia, Gypssies akagura nzeve yekuruboshwe muBohemia. MuErcgeritzogenia, Austrian aifarira brand uye zvichingodaro. Zvichida vane utsinye hwakaverengerwa kuti huve hwaFriedrich wilhelm i prussian. Muna 1725, akaraira rufu rwevanhu vese vechirume nevechikadzi pamusoro pemakore gumi neshanu. "Sezvauri kuona, yaive yatove nezvekushora kwehasha dzevanhu. Zvakangodaro, RomA vakakwanisa kurarama uye kuchengetedza - kwete chete ethososi yavo, asiwo tsika isingazivikanwe, iyo nhasi inova vazhinji vevazhinji.
KuEast Europe neRussia
Asi kana kumadokero kweEurope, mafungiro asina kunaka akadai kumadzinza echiGypsy akaonekwa, ipapo vavakidzani vekumabvazuva veEuropean vakanga vakasiyana zvachose. Ikoko, maGypsies akaratidzira pachavo sehunyanzvi hunyanzvi, vatema, zviputi.
Kunyangwe maOttomans akatapa Europe, mutemo wakakwana wakapfava wakabatwa maererano neRomA. Maiwe, uye pano haina kuita mari isina kusuwa. MuMoldavian uye Volosch mashura, apo vakakurumidza kupararira chevaKristu, nekuzvidza kuenderana nemakomba. Vakanzi varanda vekuzvarwa.
Chiziviso cha 1852 chinoti:
"Monastery yeSt. Varanda vekutanga veGypsy vanoiswa kutengeswa, musi 8, 1852, vane varume gumi nevaviri, vakomana gumi, 7 vakadzi nevasikana vatatu: mumamiriro ezvinhu akanaka. "Izvo zvinofanirwa kucherechedzwa kuti muHumambo hweRussia kune vaGypsies havana hukama husingaenzaniswi. MaRussia, pasina mubvunzo, kukoshesa kugona kwemagariro ekutarisira mabhiza, hunhu hwakanaka hwevatasvi. Vamiririri vazhinji vevanhu ava vakanyoreswa mumakona emabhiza. Zvakangodaro, mune zvinyorwa zvemunyori weRussia weM.SOLOOVYEV, zvakazotaurwa pachena: "Gypsy .... Vakaverenga vanhu vane ngozi nekuda kwekusadzidza uye izvo zvinonhuwira zvavo ".
Ehe, maGypsies ane kodzero yekugumburwa nekuda kwekunzwisisa kwakadaro kwevanhu vavo. Zvinosuruvarisa, zvinonyorwa chaizvo kana "spoon ichirohwa nebhari reMöday zvakapambwa." Pasinei nenyaya yekuti pakati pemakomba nhasi pane vanhu vakatendeseka, havakanganwe kuti vamiriri vazhinji vezino, vane tarenda, vanopomera mhosva yebasa ravo uye vakakwanisa kuchengetedza tsika dzakanaka dzemadzitateguru.