Mehmed i Kiresbi, mwanakomana wechidiki weOttoman Sultan Bayazida ini ndaive munhu anoshamisa. Aigara hupenyu hupfupi, akakwanisa kuizadza zvakanyanya sezvazvinogona, izvo zvaizove zvakaringana zvevatongi gumi vevatongi. Iye pachezvake akaita muhondo makumi maviri nematatu, umo maronda makumi mana nemashanu kubva pamapakatwa, makopi nemiseve. Kubva pamadzimai matatu eSultani, vakazvarwa navanakomana vanomwe uye vakunda gumi neumwe gumi neumwe. Akaparadza mukurwa kwesimba rehama dzake dzose.
Asi chinhu chikuru chinomuremekedza - icho chizvarwa chevazukuru kwaari
Pfupi pfupi yehudiki yeramangwana Sultan mehmed
Medmed Cherable akazvarwa munenge muna 1387-1389 muBersa, kubva kuDevl-hatt kana Sultan Hatun, kana isiri mazita maviri emukadzi mumwe chete. Panguva yekukundwa uye kutapwa kwaBaba vake muna 1402 aifanira kunge aine makore gumi nematatu. Muhondo yeAnkara, angangodaro asina kutora chikamu kana akakwanisa kuenda pamudyandigere uye haana kufanana neTamerlan, kusiyana nevakuru vanun'una vake vechibereko uye Musa.
Achaderedzwa naBayazid Pasha, mubati muguta reAmasia, achimupa chiviriro uye patronage. Mismed painova Sultan, achaburitsa mubatsiri wake muchiru cheiyo huru vizier. Mushure mekufa kwaBaba muna 1403, vechidiki vanoremerwa nemutoro wehurumende kunetseka kwakamumirira.
Sultanat yakakamurwa pakati pehama dzaIsu muBersa neSuleiman muRusiya, uye mukucherekedza Amaassa yake yakagadzwa nemutongi wamurume waTamerlana, "Kara Devletsha.
Hondo huru yekutanga yeiyo Mehmis ichabata zera ramakore gumi nemashanu, kuunganidza mauto akatendeka, kupambwa kwehumambo uye kuuraya Kara Devletushe, achizvizivisa kuna Sulletan, kusvika kumabvazuva anatolia. Saka nzira yake ichatanga kudzosa iyo yekare ukuru hwemadzinza etemani.
Bathriaride Path
Kweanoda kusvika makore 11 pakati pehama nhatu, kurwadzisa kusingaenzaniswi kuti kodzero yekuve Sultani ichaenda. Kwechinguva pazvimwe zvezvematongerwo enyika nevarwi vemauto enguva iyoyo dambudziko, hama yechina - Musa chelaby ichaonekwa. Anonzi akapiwa Tamerlane MehMonda pakukumbira kwake. Hazvizivikanwe kuti zvakadii zvakajeka, asi Musa uchaita kudivi remitambo uye nehondo pamatavi maviri ivo vachakunda Sinleim, asi Musa anoda kuti azviitwe naye uye achaparadzwa neyhedhi.
Muna 1413, mehmed ichazvizivisa kuna Sultan uye kutanga kudzoreredzwa kweOttoman simba pamusoro pezvinhu zvakapfuura. Vakoma vake vakaurayiwa nokuraira kwake, ane kukudzwa kukuru kuviga muBurya padivi pababa vake. Watova na1415, achakunda ese akasanganiswa akabuda muMalaya Asia, kunze kweKaramani. Iye achamurwisa muna 1417, asi achamira pakukunda kweKonya uye haazoendizve.
Mukuwedzera, iye achakunda Valchia neuto rake richasvika kuTransylvania, tichakunda pakati peanotaly uye chikamu cheAlbania. Kuuya kuCentral Danube, nhare ine simba inozoiswa kuti ibvumidze simba rake ipapo (ikozvino guta reGouhruz).
Iye achaedza kurwa pagungwa, neVenice Republic. Aya ndiwo maito ekutanga ehondo echikepe cheTurkey pagungwa. "Damn" yekutanga akabuda, sezvaari, "Komom." Nguruve yeOttoman ichaputswa, uye ngarava makumi maviri neshanu dzakabatwa nevarume veVenetians.
Ndichiri pred ini ndinodzoreredza uchangamire hwenyika yake uye ndikapa zvinhu zvake pane zvematongerwo enyika chiitiko chitsva chakaoneka. Fifth Hama, - Mustafa yakaonekwa kubva pasina.
Kwenguva yakareba zvakatendwa kuti akaurayiwa, kumwe kunhu mukupisa kwehondo kuAnakara kana kutapwa kweTamrelan, asi aiwa, akaoneka uye akadaira hafu yeumambo. Zvinoshungurudza iye amene akadana mukoma mutsva neanunyengeri, iyo imwecheteyo vhezheni inoitika mune izvo zvakanyorwa nemumwe wevanyori venhoroondo vekupedzisira veByzantium George Sphandzi.
Brantz akaedza, achizvipira pane kubatsirwa pachena kweVenice neByzantium, kuti apigurwe. Yakaputswa nemusoro, asi kwete kuurayiwa. Akatumirwa kuchitsuwa cheLemnos, pasi pe "chinzvimbo chekuchengetedza" cheByzantine Emperor.
Kurwisa Sultan nevechiCommunist
Ini ndanga ndisiri kuzvipira kwetauro pakurwira "zvisiri izvo." Zvakajeka, zvaive zvakafanira kurwa zvakanyanya nehama uye dzokorora Bayliki kuMalaya muMalaya muMalaya muMalaya Asia, uye Christian Byzantium, chero chaive, chaive chakanyanya. Munhoroondo, iye achapinda muzita rinoti "zvakanaka", kusanganisira nekuda kwekuvimbika kune zvitendero zvakasiyana-siyana zvakamubvuma kuti aendese.
Nekudaro, kune munhu mumubatanidzwa wake, uyo achazotanga mberi kwenguva yake muzana remakore. Pfungwa yeCommunism haifanirwe kuberekwa nayo mumusoro weKarl Marx, uye kunyange pamarambi emahara France, ine ottoman midzi. Uye chirevo "rusununguko, kuenzana, hama!" Ichave neruvara rweMabvazuva, zvichisvika pakutanga kwezana ramakore reCentine mumazano eSheikh Biddendin.
Zvichienderana nepfungwa yekuti Mwari ari oga kune vese uye maMuslim, nevaJudha, izvi zvakavhenekerwa uye vakadzidziswa vanozoisa pfungwa yekuenzana kwenyika, kubviswa kwenzvimbo dzakazvimiririra uye nekuparadza kwehupfumi.
Pasi pemadhora ake achamuka huwandu hwakakura hwehondo uye akaneta yeropa vanhu veropa. Muzana ramakore rechi20, aizo takunda shanduko yake muZimbabwe yezana reXX, asi rambozana ramakore raive XV. Kaviri vachikunda mauto eSultani, muhondo yechitatu aive aputswa, muna 1420, vazhinji vevakakomberedzwa "vaCommunism" vakaurayiwa, uye Sheikhi Bicdenin pachavo vakasungirirwa.
Hupenyu hwemhuri uye kufa zvinonzi ini
Vakadzi vaSultani vaive vatatu, vaviri vavo, - EMINA-Hatun naShehazade Hatnies vevatongi vevavakidzani Beilikov, asi hapana kana kuti kwaingova murongo.
Vana vake vachazvarwa vanomwe, vaviri vachazofa. Kasim achafa mukutanga kwehudiki, anenge ane makore maviri. Mehmis pazera ramakore gumi nematatu, uye chigaro cheushe zvichagara nhaka yechipiri, mushure mekunge azadza hama nhatu, makhmuda neYushufa ", kuti vadzivise kupura kwavo kupura. Idzi hama dzese dzinofa panguva yekubuda kwedenda muBursa mu1429.
Zvichida kukurudzira kune sarudzo yakadaro kuchave kurangana uye kumukira kweimwe Hama mureza "Kyuchen" - Mukutonga "Jr.", izvo akauraya muna 1423. Kunyangwe zvichikwanisika, kupofumadzwa kwehama, zvichave zviito zve "pakuvandudzwa".
Vanasikana vake vachava negumi kana gumi kana gumi, ivo vese vachava vakadzi vevakuru vevavakidzani, vasingamanikidzi Bhiliikov. Sultan Hat, Selchuk hat (pamwe maviri ane zita rimwe chete, mumwe wewakaurayiwa), mune-hatsi hat hat, hatch, hatched Pakati pavatongi vaBirikiiv, asi vasingataure mazita avo.
Sezvinonzwika Siltan, kunyangwe zvaive zvakabatikana nehondo nezvematongerwo enyika, asi zvakare yaive michero kwazvo. Nekudaro, hazvina kufanirwa kurarama 'nekukwira muvano ".
Muna 1421, panguva yekuvhima, akadonha asina kubudirira kubva pabhiza. Kuimba rufu rwako kubva mukukuvara kwakakuvara, akaraira kuti adaidze Mwanakomana, Murad, aizopfuudza chigaro cheushe. Aya ndiwo maitiro emunyori wenhoroondo achanyorera kuSecaurula:
"Nhau dzekufa dzeSultani dzakaramba dziri pedyo nharaunda muchivande chakasimba kwazvo kwemazuva makumi mana nemashanu. Yakanga iri nguva yekutanga apo kufa kwaVladuka OSMANIV kwakavanzika kwenguva yakareba. Chikamu chehondo vakafunga zvisiri izvo, njodzi yekupanduka yakamuka. Ipapo kuti varege "guruva muziso," parade remauto yakaitwa. Chikango cheSultani chakapfeka Shutani chakapfeka zvipfeko zvakapfuma, ngowani yakadiridzwa pamisoro yavo uye yakaisa "parade" muzinda wepahwindo. Panguva imwecheteyo, ruremekedzo ruchisimbisa kuti maoko ake aumba kuoneka kwesultani yeSultan. "Kunyangwe mushure mekufa kweSultan mehmed ndaifanira kutora chikamu mukugadzirisa mubvunzo weHurumende pane kudzivirira kwehutachiona muhondo.
Mhedziso
Vazhinji veTurkey Vanyori veTurkey vanonzi Mehped i second (mushure mekusarudza OSMAN pachake) Muvambi weOttoman Humambo. Chii chaibvumira munhu uyu anoshamisa munguva pfupi pfupi zvakadaro, nhandaro yeaimbove simba reOttoman State?
Chokwadi chekuti mazuva ese akazadza zvine chinangwa, zvemukati uye zviitiko. Usamire basa rako pasina kuzvipa iwe zororo uye kuzorora. Izvi zvese zvinorambidzwa nenyaya yekuti anga ari pasi pekutyisidzirwa chaiko kwekuparadzwa kwemuviri kubva kwauri, uye kusvika pakufa kwake kwekutanga.
Chimiro chehondo chakapihwa naye nekumuguma kwake, kubvumidzwa kururamisa kutaura kuti "zvese izvo zvisina kuuraya," zvinotiudza. " Ndokusaka, matambudziko ekukunda, akawana hukuru muvanhu vake. Kunyangwe kusanzwisisika kwekupedzisira kusingafanire kubva pamunondo panhandare yehondo uye kwete kubva kune imwe dgger pamusangano wezambiringa, asi kubva pakubudirira kusingabudirire kubva pabhiza. Chokwadi, haumboziva kwaunogona kuwana - kwaunorasikirwa. "
Mabhuku uye zvinyorwa:
- Caroline Finkel "DREAM OSMAN: Nhoroondo yeOttoman Humambo 1300-1923"
- B. P. Kinross "inoyerera uye kuora kwehushe hweOttoman"
- Yu. A. Petrosyan "eOttoman Humambo. Simba uye Rufu "