Pakupera kwezana ramakore rechi 19, epoch yeiyo huru mutemo yakatanga. Mapato akarwa kwevanovhota, vachipa nzira dzadzo dzekugadzirisa matambudziko ekumanikidza. Nyika yakakamurwa kuita pfungwa. Kazhinji, vamwe vanyori venhoroondo vanoshevedzera kuti kwaive kusangana kwe "IZMOV": Kubva kuCommonism Munyaya ino tichaongorora chii chinonzi fascism uye nei akazviratidza muItari.
Neily?
Muna 1919, aichimbova mutori venhau vemagariro emagariro akavambwa muMilan "mubatanidzwa wekurwa" - "Fascio di Commattiwiyo". Saka izwi rekuti "fascism" rakapunzika muzvinyorwa zvezvematongerwo enyika. Yakanga isati yamboshandiswa, asi iye zvino chete iyi masimba ezvematongerwo enyika aireva simba. Humambo hweItaly hwaivepohwa nehafu yechipiri yezana ramakore rechi 19. VaItari vaive vasati vaumbwa zvizere serudzi, kuti vakarangarira madzitateguru evaRoma huru pamawere. Nyika yacho yaida kudzosa "nzvimbo pasi pezuva", zvinoreva kuti Europe yese, ivo vakagadzirira hondo yenyika yekutanga. Kutanga - kudivi revaGerman neAustria, uye kubva 1915 - kudivi reGedente (England, France neRussia).
Muna 1918, hondo yakapera, asi yakaunza vanhu veItari vamwe vakaodzwa mwoyo: Mamirioni avanhu akafa kana kugashira zvakakura, mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzenyika, varimi venyika, mafuru akararama kune nzara, mafambiro akamira. Kunyangwe nzvimbo itsva dzisina kugamuchira vaItari. Izvi zvaive pakati pevakundi, asi zvakaita sekukundwa. Mumamiriro ezvinhu ekudonha kwehupfumi, vanhu vanowanzotenda kupararira, kushungurudzika kunoda vanhu kuti vanyore. Panyaya yeItaly - kune "kurudyi" zvakanyanyisa, mune zvematongerwo enyika. Benito Mussolini uye "DruzHina" akabaya nzira inoenda kuhukuru uye nevaya vari mairi vakatenda. "FAScio" - yaireva "danda", kubatana kuti Mussolini aida kuzadzisa, zvekuti vaItari vakavawo humambo hweMedithera, sezvinoita munguva yeKesari kana Autavian Augustus. Uye uko hukuru huchave hwakaitwa nehupfumi hwehupfumi. Bvumirana, zvinonzwika zvinonzwika, kunyanya pawakaodzwa mwoyo muzvikonzero zvekare.
Iyo mavambo uye iyo huru gadziriro ye fascism
Munyori wezvenhau weAmerica Painese anotenda kuti imwe yehungwaru masosi ezvekuziva mazano ari munharaunda darvinism. Akaumbwa mushure mekunge vamwe vezvemagariro avo vakatambura nezano raDarwin pachiitiko chemagariro. Kana zvikapfupika, nzanga dziri pasi pezvisikwa zvakasikwa, vanopona vakasimba. Uye kana sangano guru reveruzhinji iri iyo nyika, zvinoreva kuti inofanira kudzivirira vanhu vavo.
Pamutoro wenyika yakadaro, panofanirwa kunge paine mutungamiri akasimba uye ane masimba, anoita "munhu wepamoyo", zvakanaka, kana sevakareva maFascist - "Duch". Heino chirongwa chipfupi chevanoona fascist pane imwe yemagariro, "Mutungamiriri Akasimba - Nyika Yakasimba - Hondo Yenyika Yokutanga." Vahedheni vepamusoro pokutanga. "Vahedheni vekutanga. ) uye monarchism (muItly inotonga Mambo). Izvo zvaive zvakafanira kutsvaga muenzaniso mutsva wezvematongerwo enyika uye muna 1926, mumwe wevane shamwari uye pfungwa dzeMusolini rakaburitsa bhuku rinoti ", iro rakatsanangurwa", iro rakataura pfungwa huru dzebato. Muna 1932, "Duchess" akaburitsa "Dzidziso yeFascism." Heano mazano makuru evaFascist:
- Nyika uye nyika ndiyo yakanyanya kukosha.
- Kuti vadzivirire nyika, iyo nyika inofanira kuve nesimba rakazara.
- Panofanirwa kuve nehurumende yemakambani mune zvese, hunhu hadzigone kuponeswa.
- Race Spederaon (referenti mazano aHitler) anotsauka. Asi nyika inosungirwa kuchengetedza nyika kubva kune "vamwe vanhu" pesvedzero. Saka kurambidzwa pamakororo akasanganiswa mukupera kwa1930s.
Vatsigiri vekutanga vaBenito vakava vaimbove muchiuto, vakaodzwa mwoyo zvibodzwa zvehunyanzvi, vakatarisa kufa kweshamwari nevatinoshanda navo kumberi. Mauto aMusolini ivo vakanzi "vatema." Sarudzo yeruvara haina tsaona: mukuremekedza kuchema kwevakafa uye mazano. Ultra chakakodzera apa "nyika yakakwana."
Ndiani ari benito mussolini
Kusvika muna1919, aive aine bato rezvemagariro reItari. Nhoroondo Horny: Italian "kuruboshwe" inomira pamahwindo ekupedzisira europe. Mukati memakore ehondo, akatamira kuSwitzerland kuti arege kufona. Asi pakupera kwehondo, akatanga kuodzwa mwoyo munzanga, nekuti pakanga paine kirasi pakutanga, kwete rudzi. Mussolini aingovawo mazano eudzvanyiriri weProletariat uye mamwe mazano ekuruboshwe. Benito na1919 akasanganisira mazano ehuremu hwenyika, muchengeti uye chemagariro carvinism. Kushanda mumabhuku anosiyana-siyana, akadzidza kubata neunyanzvi kubata izwi rekuti mune remangwana rakamubatsira basa rekushandira.
Kubva Pfungwa Kusimba
Muna 1921, "mubatanidzwa wekurwa" wakava mubato weNational Fascist. Kekutanga pavaizivisa zvaakada kusimba. Kuburikidza nesarudzo, pakanga pasina nzvimbo muParamende, ipapo Mussolini akatyisidzira kuna Mambo Viktor emmanuil III nemubatanidzwa weRoma. Monari aitya hondo yevagari vemo Mambo akapa nzira, maFascist akagamuchira mutevedzeri wavo. Muna 1924, nzvimbo zhinji dzakabata maFascist mu esarudzo. Panguva imwecheteyo, iyo Socialist Matteati akataura nekutsoropodzwa kwevane fascist. Nenguva isipi akaurayiwa naMusolini Malitants. Kudzvinyirira kwezvematongerwo enyika kwakatanga munyika, kupikiswa kwakabviswa. Mapurisa epachivande akasikwa, uye nzira dzeFascist yakatanga kuyambuka nyika. Muna 1929, vaItari vakavhotera pane izvo zvekufungidzira zvekuti vanogona kuve nemapato mumwe chete. Italy yakazopedzisira izere izere.
Mhedzisiro yekuonekwa kwe fascism
Zvinofanira kurangarirwa kuti iyi ndiyo pfungwa yereveruty. Nzira yakanaka yekudzosera chimiro chako ndechekutanga hondo nyowani. Hondo imwe yenyika yaive vanhu vadiki. Zvabuda, kutaridzika kweFascism ndechimwe cheHondo Yenyika II. Mussolini akapesvedzera mukurumbira we Ultra-chaipo mazano eGermany. Hitler ese 1920s aimbova fan yekudzvinyirira yeItaly, asi kana zvigadziko zvavo zvakaenzana, vakaedza kuzvivanza. Fürrer anogadzirisa mazano e "akafa pasi pevanhu veGerman, achigadzira dzidziso yevaGerman, genlodides, Ghetto, misasa yehurumende. Zana ramakumi maviri muzana rakatungamira kuchokwadi kutizanhu tinoshevedza ropa reropa.