Kubva panguva dzechinyakare, kubva pane zvinoitika zvekunyora, vanhu vaifarira nzira yehondo, kuti kurwa kunopfuura sei. Kana iwe uchifunga zvine musoro, kunyange "iliad" hachisi chinhu kunze kwenyaya nezvehondo iyo maGreek kumahombekombe eMalaya Asia. Chii chatinoziva nezvenhoroondo yemutori wehondo?
Munguva yehondo yeNafuleonic, mapurisa dzimwe nguva akatumira tsamba kubva kuimba yemitambo, iyo yakarondedzera zvaiitika pamatanho ehondo. Dzimwe nguva tsamba dzakadaro dzakaratidzikawo mumapepanhau, kunyangwe mapepanhau aiwanzo kudhindwa nehurongwa hwehurumende.
Iyo yekutanga yemauto emauto inonzi William Howard Russell (1820-1907). Iye aive munyori wepepanhau reLondon "nguva". Akashanda muLondon, uye muIreland. Vachivhenekera kupokana pakati peGerman neDenmark nekuda kweSchleswig Goldstein muna 1850.
Uye muna 1854 akatumirwa nedombo rezvinyorwa zvekuvhara kosi yehondo yerotela - kuCrimea. Ndakatumira mishumo kubva kunzvimbo yekurwa kune pepanhau. Pamuzvifambi zvevamwe mauto, nezverufu, pamavanga, nezve kutsigirwa kwakanyanya uye kusanyangadza kurapwa kwekurapa kwevakakuvadzwa.
Imhaka yezvinyorwa zvake zvekuti kurasikirwa kunotyisa kwaizivikanwa, kwakaverengerwa neBritish mukurwiswa kwenzvimbo dzevacheche vemauto eRussia pasi peBalaklava. Ndiye aive asina kubvumira kuvanza chirwere che cholera, kuve nekugona kurwisa mauto eChirungu. Zviri pahwaro hwezvinyorwa zvake zvevaParamende vakatevera zvikumbiro zvepamutemo, vachishora zviito uye hurumende yemutungamiri wezvemabatanidzwa amene.
Nekuda kweizvozvo, akabvapo kubva kunzvimbo yekurwa nekuda kwezvematongerwo enyika zvikonzero. Mushure meizvozvo, akavhenekera kudzvinyirira kweSipyev kusimuka muIndia, uyezve maratidziro ehondo yeUnited States.
Nikolai Vasilyevich Berg mufananidzo: ru.wikmudia.orgKubva kuRussia Side, Hondo yemuroora yakatsanangurwa Nikolai Vasilyevich Berg, iyo munyori weiyo yakawanikwa yemagazini yemazwi "Moskvatika". Akatumirwa kubva kuhondo nehondo uye akanyorwa muSevastop padzimbahwe remajaho wemukuru wemutungamiriri semuturikiri. Ini ndakarondedzera kosi yehutachiona uye ndakatora chikamu muhondo. Pashure pehondo yemutsoro yakatumirwa kuCaucasus, kwaakafukidza mugumo wehondo uye kubatwa kweShamil.
Maererano nemhedzisiro yebasa revanyori vemauto ekutanga, vanogadzirisa kuti zvinyorwa zvinotumirwa kubva muuto razvino kuwedzera kutenderera kwemapepanhau, vakatanga kuraira vatori venhau avo munzvimbo dzakasiyana siyana dzinopisa.
Pakutanga kwebasa rake raive mutori wemauto uye winston Churchill. Semunyori wepepanhau repepanhau zuva nezuva Grandic, akaendeswa kuCuba, uko "kusimuka kwenyika" kwaCubans kuSpain simba reSpain.
Muhondo yeAMBLLO-BORSK, yakatumirwa neyekutanga kutumira mauto kuenderana. Apa haana kungo nyora zvinyorwa, asiwo akabatawo zvehukuru, akabatawo mabhendi, akaiswa mumusasa wevasungwa vehondo, akatiza, akavimbisa kubata makumi maviri emapaundi esimba) uye akawana KuEngland kuburikidza nePortuguese Mozambique. Chiitiko chakaita kuti ive yakakurumbira, iyo yakamubvumira pakarepo mushure mekunge hondo itange basa rezvematongerwo enyika.
Kutanga kubva muzana ramakore rechi20, machira emauto anoratidza hondo dzose. MuPort Arthur muna 1905, Nemirovich-Danchenko akatumirwa nemauto emauto. Kwete, kwete Musiki weArtistic Theatre, uye mukoma wake mukuru, Viily Ivanovich Nemirovich-Danchchenko.
Kune yehondo imwe neimwe, kutanga neRussia-maJapan 1905, maratidziro ekurwa uye nyika dzisina kwavakarerekera kuti vatumire vatori vemauto vanotumira midziyo yekuuraya semapepanhau nemagazini.
Munguva yehondo huru yemuchadenga, mazana evatapi venhau vakashanda sevamiriri vemauto. Vazhinji vavo vakafa munzvimbo dzisingaverengeke dzegore rekutanga neyechipiri rehondo. Vanyori vazhinji - Ilya Erenburg, Mikhail Sholkhov, Arkady Gaidar - Pakutanga kwehondo yavakauya kuhondo.
Vatakuri vazhinji venhau, vanyori, venhetembo, venhetembo vakawana nzvimbo yavo muhupenyu pahondo iyoyo. Alexander Trifonovich Tvardovsky akava mudetembi anozivikanwa zvechokwadi nekuda kwe "vasily terekina" yakanyorwa naye. Nyika yose yakanga yakamirira kuburitswa kwenyaya inotevera yepepanhau "nyeredzi tsvuku", nekuti pakanga paine chikamu chenguva dzose chezvinyorwa pamusoro peConstantine Simonov, kana inogona kunge iri nhetembo yake itsva.
Munguva yeHondo Yenyika yechipiri, mapikicha emauto nemasangano emafirimu akaoneka, akatumira mafoto uye anovhiringidza kubva pamatanda. Kusika kwavo kwaizopfuura nepakati pechiwi chehondo yemauto, kuitira kuti mudzvanyiriri arege kuwana ruzivo rwusinga tsanangurike, uye zvabuda zvichiri kushandiswa - uye seuchapupu hwehondo, uye mumafirimu ehunyanzvi nezvazvo.
Mazana mazhinji evatapi venhau uye vatori vemifananidzo vakashanda mumapepanhau emauto, vachitsanangura mahedheni evarwi nevatungamiriri.
Kubva kuMoscow kuputsa hapana nzvimbo yakadaro yatisingafungi muguruva. Nekudiridza uye notepad, uyezve nepfuti yemuchina kuburikidza nemoto uye takapfuura. (K. Simonov, "Rwiyo rweMauto Ezvinyorwa")
Svika kunzvimbo yadarika, pane chimwe chinhu chakakosha kuitika, tsanangura, uye pamwe, uye wozobuda muhondo - kuti utumire zvakanyorwa uye zvakabatwa nefekitori, kana zvakanyanya Kurumidza kudzoka nezvinhu zvinopisa muhofisi yedhofisi kuitira kuti chinyorwa nezvehondo dzemazuva ano zvatove mupepanhau.
Konstantin Simonov akatsanangura iyi kurwisa basa muPhem "rwiyo rweMerry Report"
Pane zvinotora zveBridgehhead izvo chete paNoon zvakawa, akatanga azivikanwa nemutungamiriri wehafu yeawa. Paive nemutyairi mukudzivirira kwekupokana, iyo huru General yaive neyeti. Asi ivo vakasiya vasina kunonoka mangwanani akatevera, senguva dzose, 'izvestsia', uye 'ichokwadi', uye 'nyeredzi tsvuku'.
Basa ravo raive nengozi, mazana evatapi venhau vakafa, vanoita basa rekunyora -
Pasi pechitoro, muna Chikunguru, muVogano, mune Steppe nzvimbo, vakawa, kurwisa bullet, mutori wenhau anofara. Notepad uye 'shamwari yekudiridza' yezuva muMoscow, ichimanikidza misodzi, kukwikwidza kwake kubva kumaodzanyemba kwakaunza mupepeti.Pakanga paine nguva, maturusi ekushanda kwevatapi venhau akachinja, asi basa ravo rinoramba rine njodzi.
Wakatotanga kubva pakati pezana ramakore rechi20, kuwedzera kune vanhuwo zvavo, hondo dzeruzivo dzakaonekwa, umo vatori venhau vakaita basa rakakosha. Hondo dzeruzivo dzinoitiswa munguva yedu. Vatori venhau chete ndivo vakasundira varapi vezvemukati vevanopa uye nyanzvi mukugadzirisa mufananidzo, ruzivo uye vhidhiyo ruzivo.
Hondo muVietnam ndiyo yekutanga "Hondo muKugara" (Hondo Yepamoyo yeGomera), zvigadzirwa zvevanyori zvakabva kuVietnam mukuyerera. Mukufamba kwehondo, kuperekedzwa nekugadziriswa kweruzhinji kwevagari vemo, zvakazoitika kuti kuratidzwa kwekutya chaiko kwehondo hakugone kukanganisa pfungwa paruzhinji.
Vatungamiriri venzvimbo iyi vakafunga nezvezvakarukwa zvehondo dzevarwi neruzivo rutsigiro uye vakatanga kuvaka nzira dzekuitisa hondo "nenzira itsva" - Munguva yemhirizhonga yakawanda iri kuitika pasi rese. Pamwe, munguva pfupi sezvinotaurwa nemishumo, vezvenhau vachazotadza zvachose kunzwisisa zviri kuitika muhondo yemunharaunda yakatevera.
Munyori - Igor Vadimov
Kunobva - Springzhizni.ru.