Musi waKurume 11, 2021, chaizvo makore gumi engozi paFukushima anoitwa. Kudengenyeka uye tsunami kwakatungamira kukuvadza kune iyo inotonhora masisitimu pane ina ye matanhatu fusushima-daiti npp macopeors, uye nekuparadzira uye kugovera radioctive kusvibiswa. Muna 2016, hushumiro hwehupfumi hweJapan hunofungidzirwa kuti tsaona yenyama pa $ 195 bhiriyoni, kubva ipapo mutengo wakangowedzera.
Njodzi yetomu rerunyararoIyo yekudzika tsaona ichiri kuita hurumende yeJapan, inotenda kuti kurasa marara redhiyo mushure metsaona ichabhadhara kusvika pamadhora mazana matanhatu uye ichapera kusvika pakati pezana remakore. Asi iyi ingori chete marara eradio all akaunganidzwa anopfuura makore gumi. Pamusoro pake, pachine kuparadzwa vanogamuchira zviuru zvematani matani emarara akapenya, pamwe nemvura yakasvibiswa. Kudonha kwekupedzisira, chinangwa chevakuru veJapan vakatanga kugadzirisa mvura iyi mugungwa zvakakonzera nyanzvi yenyika. Mukufamba kwemakore akati wandei, mazana ematani emvura yemvura akatengwa zuva nezuva kubva kune vakakuvadzwa vanokanganisika, asi muna 2022, midziyo yekuchengetedza kwayo izere. Chikamu ichi chemvura chinojekeswa, asi iyo radioctive tritium haina kutendeuka, uye saka yatove dongo remagetsi remagetsi remagetsi.
Zvichakadaro, vabati vehove vari pamhenderekedzo yeJapan vakabata hove dzevaradi.
Mushure mei tsaona, hurumende yeJapan yakabvisa hurongwa hwechirume, hwakagovera hurongwa hwemagetsi, hwakaitwa nemagetsi zveNPP na 2030. Zviitiko zvakawanda zvemagetsi zvoga munyika hazvimanikidzwe be calded. Asi Japan yakataurira chibvumirano chemamiriro ekunze emamiriro ekunze uye akazivisa kabhoni kusarerekera pakati pezana ramakore, ayo anozoda kuramba mafuta emafuta. Pasinei nekukurukurirana kuri kuramba kuchienderera, zvinoita here kuti uzadzise zvinangwa zvemamiriro ekunze pasina simba remahara, hurumende haina kukurumidza kuvaka chirimwa chenyukireya. Muchirongwa chekuronga kuzadzisa chibvumirano cheParis, hurumende yeJapan inotaura nezve "kuderedza chikamu chesimba reAtomi zvakanyanya sezvinobvira", pamwe nekukoshesa kusimba kwesimba. Muna 2019, chikamu chesimba reAtomi muJapan yaive 6%, uye chikamu chezvinyorwa zvekuvandudza masosi anenge 19%. Muchokwadi, zvinoshamisa sei simba rinokudziridza, kuvapo kwesimba renyukireya kunotsamira.
Sunset Atomic EnergyTsaona iri paFuchiusima haina kukonzera kuvharwa kwesimba kwezvinhu zvenyukireya kupota pasi. Nyika dzinoverengeka dzakachinja pfungwa kuti dzivake vanotsauka, zvimwe zvakawanda zvakasarudzika kuramba simba remahara - asi kazhinji, zvirongwa zvakadaro zvaive kuFukushima. Uye ivo havana kubatana zvakanyanya nekutya tsaona, asi nemutengo wepamusoro werudzi urwu rwesimba, kusanganisira kusagadzikana kupedza mutengo wekubata marara enyukireya. Muenzaniso unonyanya kuratidza muenzaniso ndiGerman, uko muna 2022 kuchadzima mari yekupedzisira yenyukireya. Makumi maviri emakore apfuura mune imwe yehupfumi hukuru hwepasi rose re "atomu erunyararo" rakapihwa chetatu chemagetsi zvinodikanwa, nhasi ichi chikamu neicho chengetedzo inodarika neyeGerman zviteshi. Chisarudzo chekuramba isimba reatomu vakaoneka kuGerman kunyangwe panguva yezana reXXI. Urongwa hwekubuda kwePecied of Ekisheni kubva pakushungurudzwa, mavakanyora kuti simba rakawanda rinotenderwa sei kuti riitwe kunze kwekuvhara, zvichienderana nezvikonzero zvekuchengetedza kwenyukireya.
Nguva pfupi tsaona yemubhadharo muJapan, iyo Merkel Chancellor yakabvumirana nemakambani eGerman emasimba ekunonoka kubviswa kwezvinhu zveropa renyukireya. Asi tsaona iri kuJapan, gadziriro idzi dzakabvisirwa uye dzidzoreredzwa nehupenyu hwehupenyu, vakatenderwa makore gumi vasati vaFukushima.
Mukukosha, isu tiripo pakuvira kwezuva repasirese yeindasitiri yenyukireya - nyika dzese dzakambotaurwa semuenzaniso wekushandisa kwakachengeteka kwesimba reatomi, neimwe kana kumwe kumhanya kwayo kunoramba. Iyo huru yeAmerican nutilear simba munyika maererano nenhamba yayo inopinda muguva yeiyo misa uye yakanyanya kudhura kuburitsa kweanotengesa kubva kushanda, nepo kutsiva kwacho kwatova kusadaro. MuFrance, iyo yaive neimwe yezviratidzo zvikuru zviri munyika mugove wesimba rezvikireya mukukura kwesimba (pamusoro pe70%), pane zvirongwa zvekubuda kubva pakuvhiya kwezvinhu zvemagetsi zvemokireya, uye hapana zvirongwa zvacho kutsiva. Muchiitiko cheFrance Climatic Strategy, kusimbisa hakusi pane itsva NPP, asi kune inovandudza simba remagetsi. Japan, apo fukushima pamberi peFukushima, inenge hafu yesimba yakagadzirwa pane vanotevera, ikozvino inoda kuderedza chikamu chesimba reatom sezvinobvira.
Zvino muRussia!Zvino iwe uchashamisika, asi kunyangwe muRussia kukura kwesimba reatomu kwapera.
Rosatom inoshandisa 11 nyukireya simba zvidyarwa muRussia, iyo inoshandisa 37 vanoita. Uye zvakare, iyo inoyerera chiteshi cheAtomi "Academician Lomonosov" ine maviri diki CLT-40 Ekrators anoshanda paChautka. Muna 2020, chikamu cheRussia yeRussian nutilear Simba zvidyarwa mukugadzirwa kwemagetsi yaive makumi maviri muzana.
Iyo inodonha nyukireya simba yakave kutsiva yeiyo yekare Bilibino NPP, uko kwekutanga kwekutanga kwakamiswa muna 2019, uye mamwe matatu maEkisheni anofanirwa kumiswa na2025
Iyo yekuyangarara yeatomu yeatomu yaifanirwa kuoneka musana muna2008, kuvakwa kwakanonoka kweanopfuura makore gumi. Zvemamiriro ekunze zvakaramba zvichinzi chirongwa ichi "Kupfuura Chernobyl" nekuda kwekunetseka mumunda wekuchengetedza uye nyukireya isiri-yekuwedzera.
Muna 2020, pakanga paine vatatu vanoita basa muKursk uye Leningrad zviteshi zvaivakwa. Aya magetsi maguta akavakwa sekutsiva iyo yekare chernobyl mhando nhamba (RBMK-1000), iyo zvishoma nezvishoma inotorwa kubva kushanda. KuLiningrad NPP-yekutanga RBMK-1000 proces yakamiswa pakupera kwa 2018, pakupera kwe2020, ivo vaviri vakasara vekare vhy-mbiri itsva-1200 vanokanganisa vakatovakwa kare yekutsiva, asi haina kujeka kana ichitsiviwa neyechitatu neyechina anokwana.
Mune kurSk npp mukushanda kune mana Chernobyl-mhando zvidhinha. Yekutanga yakarongwa kumira pakupera kwe2021, yechipiri - muna 2024, uye zvimwe zviviri - muna 2028 uye 2030. Zvekutsiva kubva 2018, vaviri vver-tei purojekiti inokonzereswa vari kuvakwa (kubva paWWER-1200 Technical Solutions). Zvakare, sezvazvakafanana neiyo leningrad npp, hazvina kujeka kana mitsva mitsva ichavakwa.
Mhedziso yezvirimwa zvenyukireya ibasa rakakosha tekinoroji uye yemari basa, iro rinongoiswa muRussia. Ipo vasere vasere vakamira uye vanosvika gumi nemashanu vachamiswa mumakore gumi anotevera. Iyo chaiyo mutengo wekubuda kubva mukushanda kweNPP haizivikanwe. Indasitiri yeRustur of Russian inotenda kuti ichakwanisa kuunza kushanda kweNPPS "kune makawanda emubhadharo wakachipa" pane madhora gumi emabhiriyoni.
Uye kune zvakare marara enyukireyaMakumi mashanu emamiriyoni emamiriyoni ematani eradiactive marara akaunganidzwa muRussia, kusanganisira anopfuura mamirioni emamiriyoni emamirioni marara, chikamu cheGerman. Mukuwedzera, kusvika pamatani makumi maviri nemashanu ematani akashandiswa pamwe neinikoreya simba zvidyarwa zvinounganidzwa. Iyo Atomic indasitiri inoronga kudzokorora iyi mafuta kuti usimbise zvinhu zvenyukireya kuti ishandiswe. Nekudaro, muRussia pane mashoma emagetsi zvivakwa, saka maitiro aya anotora makumi emakore akati wandei. Zvakare, kwete kumagumo zviri pachena kuti ndechipi chinangwa chekugadzirisa, kubva kune vanoongorora vanoita basa vanodiwa kuti vashandiswe nezvinhu zvenyukireya, uye pane vaviri chete muRussia. Mumwe wevaviri ava akura kwazvo, uye wechipiri akaradzikwa munguva dzechernobyl uye champion munguva yekuvaka, iyo yakapfuura pakati penyika katatu. Uye zvakare, kudzokororwa kweNPP mafuta chiitiko chakanyanya kukuvadza zvakanyanya, semhedzisiro iyo kune mazana emazana enguva dziripo.
MuRussia, zvakanyanyisa kuomesesa zviremera kana zvasvika kune arisheni emahara - vairatidziri vezvakatipoteredza vari kudzvinyirirwa, uye kushoropodza kwesimba reatom kwakaenzana nevakuru kuriritira pachena. Semuenzaniso, chikonzero chekutanga kwesangano rekutanga rezvemamiriro ekunze muRussia muRusinamende yevamiriri vekunze vakarongedzwa neiyo ecologist mushandirapamwe wekuvakwa kweBaltic NPP. Mhedzisiro yemamiriro ezvinhu aya haina kusimba zvakanyanya kutonga mamiriro pamusoro peindasitiri yenyukireya. Sezvineiwo, kushaya simba kweatomu kweatomu kwakatumidzwa kuti chimwe chezvinhu zvakakonzera tsaona paFukushima, nekuti kwemakore mazhinji ekuongorora pazviteshi zvenyukireya zvakapetwa chete, uye zvinyorwa zvaifambiswa. Rosatom ine mamiriro akakosha echinangwa chakakoshesa sekambani inokosha padyo neMutungamiriri wePurin. Kanzuru yekambani yehurumende inotungamirirwa neyaimbova director Sergei Kiriyenko, maneja nhasi kubva mukutumira kwemutungamiri wenyika yeMutungamiri wenyika.
Urongwa uhwu hwekambani yeHurumende hachitsananguri chete nenyaya yekuti zvinosanganisira kuwedzera kune yevagari venyama nyukireya. Asi zvakare "chinzvimbo chakakosha", nekuti kutengeswa kweanotengesa uye mafuta enyukireya chishandiso chakakosha chehungwaru.
Atomic pesvedzeroRosatomu anopokana kuti inovaka 35 itsva atomic inokoshesa munyika dzakasiyana dzepasi. Mari yakakwana yemapurojekiti aya inodarika madhora mazana matatu emadhora. Muna 2020, rosatom yakarongwa kusaina chibvumirano chemagetsi enyukireya muUzbekistan, asi zvirongwa zvakadzivirira dengiri reCoronavirus. Nekudaro, kuverenga kwakazvimirira kunoratidza kuti huwandu hwenyukireya zvidyire zvemagetsi zvevaranda zviri kuora. Sechirimo cha2020, rosatom yaive nezvibvumirano zvekuvakwa kwakazara kana kusarudzika kwevashanu vanoita. Uye mutengo wezvibvumirano zvaive zvemadhora zana emadhora. Nekudaro, kunyange kufunga nezviratidzo zvepazasi, rosatom inoramba iri mutambi mukuru mumusika weNPPS Nyowani. Sangano reStestence, kusiyana nevanokwikwidza vayo vekunze, vane mukana wekuwana mari yemari yevashandi veRussia kana zvasvika kune yekune dzimwe nyika. Mari yacho inoratidzwa pasi pechinhu chakawandisa chikamu pane mumabhangi ekutengeserana, uye kudzoka kwemari iyi kunofamba kwenguva yakareba kwenguva yakareba. Kupiwa kuti mapurojekiti anowanzoitwa munyika dzisirivirwi, ayo matanho ezvikwereti haatenderi mari yeNPP, iyo tarisiro yekudzoka kwemari yekudyara uye inonyatsoita. Hazvishamisi kuti kuyedza kukwezva mapurojekiti ehurumende enyukireya kune chero mari, isina hukama nevakuru veRussia, muchikamu chikuru chakundikana. Kana chikamu chehupfumi chemabasa epasi rese cheRosatomu chichiita mibvunzo, ipapo maererano ne "geopolitical" zvakanyanya kana zvishoma pachena. Zvirongwa zveNPP munyika dzisina kunaka inzira inoshanda inokurudzira iyo inokubvumira kuti ugadzire kutsamira pane zveRussia matekiniki, capital uye kuongororwa. Kusvika pamwero wakaderera, inoshandawo mu "hushamwari" nyika dzeRussia dzeEU.
Makore gumi mushure mekunge Fukushima, isu takazviwana vari munyika umo mainjiniya ane simba enyukireya anowedzera zvakanyanya nezvakaitika. Nyika dzichiri kusimukira nekuda kweRosatom yakava nzvimbo yekunyepedzera kune imwe yenyukireya yechipenyu "colonism". Nepo nyika dzakasimukira dzave kuita zvekuvharwa kwezvirimwa zvenyukireya uye, kunyangwe muRussia, saka vanokamisa zvakanyanya vanovakwa sezvavanoda kutsiva kuburitswa kubva pakubata. Kana iwe uchiteerera kune zvekutaura zvevakuru - isu tinoita kubheja pane atomi simba. Kana iwe uchitongwa nezvinhu, zviri pachena kuti simba reatomu reKremlin rinowedzera uye nekuwedzera kwechiridzwa zvepasi rese, uye kukura kwaro munyika kwakarasikirwa pakutanga. Simba iri rinodhura mutero weRussia kwete chete madhora zana emadhora pane ekunze enyukireya enyuchi. Kutanga, rosatom haasi kuzomira. Kechipiri, kunze kwenyika varombo zvichaburitswa kuRussia kwakapedza mafuta enyukireya, imwe yemhando yetsvina yenyukireya yakagadzirwa kuNyukireya Simba Zvigadzirwa. MuRussia pachayo, sekumadokero, mhedziso yekubiridzira kwezvirimwa zvechinyakare, zvinoreva kuti kunyange marara enyukireya nemitengo.
Makore gumi anotevera makore 10-20 anozove nguva yemitengo inoshamisa pane mhedzisiro yekushandisa atomi simba. Uye iyo nguva yekuwedzera inowedzera njodzi inosanganisirwa neyakawedzerwa marara enyukireya. Huwandu hwezvinhu zvekuchengetedza zvichawedzera, zvinoreva kuti zvichave zvakaoma kuve nechokwadi chekuchengetedza, uye njodzi dzekupenya radiation zvichawedzera. Isu tinovimba kuti New Fukuushima haizowedzerwe kune idzi nyaya pane imwe yezvinhu zveRosatom zvinhu. Zvikasadaro iwe unofanirwa kubhadhara zvimwe pamusoro pazvo.
Mafungiro emunyori anogona kusabatana nenzvimbo yeiyo vitimes edition.