Pupityly, maJapan akatanga kushamisa nyika yese nekukwanisa kukura mumaruva madiki emaruva edhirowa masasi emakwenzi nemiti. Kuve nekuba miganhu yeJapan, hunyanzvi uhwu hwaparadzira nyika. Uye zvino miti mini yemari ine zera rinosvika makumi emakore dzinoverengeka, dzinobuda mudzimba dzevagari venyika yeEurope uye neAsia nyika.
Pasi rese, kuratidzwa kwezviratidziro zvedumbu zvakatanga kuitwa. Mafemu akasarudzika, anotevera fashoni, akatanga kukura miniature miti yekutengesa. Uye madiki ejuniper, ficus, bamboo uye pines of the lifs bizarre mafomu akagadziriswa kuburikidza akasiyana-siyana emabhasi emarenzi, matunhu uye hwindo.
Bonsai chii?
Iro zita reBotanical Art of Bonsai rine zvikamu zviviri. Mumwe anoratidza chimwe chinhu senge chombo chakasviba, uye chechipiri ndiyo nzira yekukura. Tsika Bonsai pachayo yakadzika midzi muAsia dzidziso dzeAsia.
Bonsai ishe yekare tsika yaive kusvika iyo Xviii zana zana muJapan neChina yepafadzo yevakuru nevafundisi. Zvinozivikanwa kuti zera remakopi ekare ayo nhasi ari muimba yeJapaniki imba inosvika mazana mashanu emakore.
MuEurope, iyi art yekare yakawira pakupera kwezana ramakore reXix panguva yekureji yenyika muParis, uye gare gare, pakutanga kwezana ramakore rechi20 - muLondon.
Kukudziridza kwemiti miniature iri pasi kune dzimwe nheyo:
- Kuumbwa kwetambo semugodhi mukuru, izvo zvichazoteedzera matavi ese echirimwa;
- kudzivisa chero symmetry kana uchiumba muti;
- Kurambidzwa pakushandiswa kwenhamba yakadzama yemiti pamwe chete neyaviri.
Zvirimwa zviri muBonsai tekinoroji zvakakura mumhando dzinotevera:
- Miniature Bonsai. Chirimwa chakakura mune iyi nzira ine urefu kubva pamakumi matanhatu kusvika gumi nemashanu cm uye command.
- Room bonsai. Iri boka rinosanganisira zvidyarwa zvidiki izvo zvinowanzoitika kune webly. Makopi akadaro gore rese anogona kunge ari mukati uye haadi rugare rwechando.
- Miniature landscape. BOSNAI, akagadzirwa nenzira iyi, anozvidza nzvimbo dzese dzemamiriro ekunze, kunze kwechirimwa pacharo, uye ane zvimwe zvinhu zvemukati - semuenzaniso, mahombekombe egungwa kana rwizi runoyerera. Izvi zvinowanikwa nekusarudzwa kwekungwarira kwematombo, midziyo yemiriwo, ivhu.
Bonsai Tsika Inoreva Kugadzirwa Kwakakodzera. Kuve mimhanzi nezve zvisikwa, zvinofanirwa kutakura kuwirirana. Zvese zvinofanirwa kuve zvinowirirana: uye chimiro chakasarudzwa chemuti wechidimbu chezvirimwa nenguo dzayo, uye zvinhu zvekushongedza, nhandaro yedzinza rakatenderedza muti mune zvakasikwa.
Izvo zvakakosha kuti utarise kune sarudzo yehari. Muchimiro uye mavara, haafanire kukwikwidza nechirimwa. Inonyanya kufarirwa ndeye brown uye yebhuruu mimvuri.
Kumira pasi pehari kwakakosha. Sekureva kwenyanzvi dziri mumunda weBonsai, ichi chikamu chakakosha chekuumbwa.
Kuchengeta Bonsai?
Kuchengeta kwakaringana kunonyanya kukosha kune zvidyarwa miniature.
Chekutanga pane zvese, zvinodikanwa kuti upe mwenje wakakodzera. Zvinotora nzvimbo yakajeka pahwindo, zvakanyanyisa kukosha kuterera kune iyo chaiyo yekuvhenekera mukuvhuvhuta-nguva yechando nguva. Kushomeka kwechiedza ndechimwe chezvikonzero zvikuru zvekutsamwa kwenzvimbo yeBonsai zvidyarwa.
Chimwe chinhu chakakosha chekutarisira, icho mamiriro emirimwa anoenderana nekudiridza kunogara kuchinguva.
Bonsai inokura zvakanyanya yembeu, kunyangwe mamwe matombo akaomeswa anogona kuwanda nenzira yezvinomera.
Kukosha kukuru mukurima kunosungirirwa kune substrate, kunyanya nekuda kwenzvimbo diki yekuvandudzwa kwemidzi. Mamwe marudzi anokudziridza muMCU, nekuti inopindura kune zvese zvinodiwa kuti zviitike: ine chimiro chakaringana, chinokwanisa kubata mvura uye zvinovaka muviri.
- Yakawanda yeiyo yakaoma yakaoma inonzwa zvakanaka mune iyo substrate inosanganisira jecha rakakwenenzverwa uye ivhu.
- Zvemari dzinotumbuka uye zvibereko zvinobaya, zvinonyadzisira humu zvinowedzerwa pasi.
Kuumbwa kwekugadziriswa kweiyo trunk uye korona ndeye art iyo inosanganisira akawanda akasiyana maitiro. Kuti udzivise kusakosha kukura kwechirimwa, midzi yemidzi uye korona, bonsai yakagurwa nguva dzose, kuyedza kuita nzvimbo dzekuchekeresa sezvisingaonekwe sezvinobvira. Hunhu hwakawanda hwemhando yechidyarwa panguva yekudzora chinofanira kuponeswa.
Saizi uye saizi yehari zvinoenderana nechimiro uye kukura kwechirimwa, chinokura mazviri. Mune yakakwira kugona zvidyarwa zvidyarwa nemabhomba ane hutsinye ivhu kana mitezo yemichero. Kune miti ine simba inopararira, oiri kana matangi matangi anokurudzirwa. Kukura zvizere zvibodzwa zviitiko zvakadyarwa mumatanho kana mativi midziyo. Pazasi pavo panofanirwa kunge paine maburi ekuyerera kwemvura yakawandisa, uye pamusoro penzvimbo yakafukidzwa ne icing ichabatsira zvishoma kuomesa kwevhu.
Ndezvipi zvinomera zvakakodzera Bonsai?
Vamwewo vamwe pakurimwa kwegore rose pamba vakakodzera:
- Nhamba dzakasiyana-siyana dzakasiyana siyana, semuenzaniso, FIKus Bhenjamini, Aralia, muti, muti zviuru zvema nyeredzi, mulehativate sheffler;
- Tolstanks emhando dzakasiyana-siyana, Portulak, Mirr, Rosemary, mamwe marudzi emisipiresi neGeranium anoonekwawo mhuka dzakakodzera;
- Zvirimwa zvizhinji - zvinonamira, coniferous uye juniper - chengetedza chitarisiko chechigarire.
Kudonha kwemiti nemakwenzi, kunyangwe mitezo yavo uye mamiriro ezvinhu akakosha ekuvapo, kugara mumamiriro ezvinhu emwaka, mukudonha kwavanofadza korona yakawanda, uye muchirimo - matsime emapepa, anoyerera, uye gare gare uye gare gare uye gare gare uye gare gare uye gare gare uye gare gare uye gare gare uye gare gare uye gare gare uye gare gare uye gare gare uye gare gare uye gare gare uye gare gare uye gare gare uye gare gare uye gare gare uye gare gare uye gare gare uye gare gare uye gare gare uye gare gare uye gare gare uye gare gare uye gare gare uye gare gare uye gare gare uye gare gare uye gare gare uye gare gare uye gare gare uye gare gare uye gare gare uye gare gare uye gare gare uye gare gare uye gare gare uye gare gare uye gare gare uye gare gare uye gare gare uye gare gare uye gare gare uye gare gare uye michero.
Zvizhinji zvezvirimwa zvakakodzera kuumbwa kwechiumbwa muBonsai maitiro anoitika kubva kuTropics uye Subtrops. Ivo vanoda kuomarara nguva dzose kutarisirwa, kureruka kwakanaka uye kudiridza nguva. Kuchengeta kwakakodzera ndiko kwekutanga kwekuumbwa kwakabudirira kweBonsai kuumbwa.
Munyori - Ekaterina Majorova
Kunobva - Springzhizni.ru.