Kune masimbi anokurudzirwa mune zvehupfumi kugadzira, kana ari mu ore, zvirimo zvavari, zvirimo zvakanyorwa kubva kuOres nehurongwa hwesimbi iri muzviuru zvezana muzana. Mamwe metals anodhura 15 rubles pane kilogiramu, nepo mamwe anoyera anopfuura zviuru gumi zvikwangwani pagiramu. Nei mamwe masimbi aivapo zvakanyanya?
Pakutanga kwekuvapo kwebudiriro yemunhu, masimbi aikosheswa nenyaya yekuti zvombo kana zvishandiso zvingaitwa kubva kwavari, uye metsals yakangodaro yaingove yakakosha seyakasarudzika nzvimbo yekubhadhara. Pane dzimwe nguva dzaive sirivheri yaive simbi inodhura, uye zvakaitika kuti Aluminium yaive dzimwe nguva yakakosha kupfuura goridhe.
Asi sezvo Xix zana rainzi Science uye tekinoroji, kukosha kweshanduro "kwavo: Vakatanga kungoita kuti vazive nezvekunaka uye kuve nyore kwekugadzirisa, chikamu chakakosha chemutengo wakashanduka Iva kudiwa kwavo indasitiri.
Zvimwe tinogona kutaura kuti simbi dzese dzave mupfungwa dzinokosha? Dzimwe simbi, iyo yekubvisa iyo yakaoma uye inodonhedza nguva, yakatanga kushandiswa mukugadzirwa kukuru, iyo yakakonzera kuwedzera kwekuda kwavo, iyo, ichinge yawedzera mutengo wavo.
Semuenzaniso, iyo yekuchinjisa gasi inochera, iyo inosanganisira platinum uye palladium uye yepalladium, iri yeimwe neimwe yakakwirira-tech mota yakagadzirwa neJapan kana nyika dzekumadokero kweEurope. Uye mutengo wokutora mumwe nemumwe wakadai makumi emakumi ezviuru zvendudzi, uye gore rega rega mamiriyoni mazhinji emotokari anogadzirwa gore rimwe nerimwe munyika.
Zvishoma-zvepasi zvinhu - Scandium, Yttrrium, Lantnais uye simbi yeboka revaLantanoids vanokosha mumagetsi, mauto, nuclear uye technology uye technology. Alloys navo anowana simba rakakura, Refractory uye kupokana kuramba.
Cerium, lantan uye neodymium anoshandiswa mukugadzirwa kwemagetsi emagetsi, senge mapiritsi.
Lutetia inoshandiswa mukuongorora kwekuona.
Tulia - mune inotakurika X-ray zvishandiso.
Kune lasers, intrbium, erbium, terbium, Europe inodiwa. MuTekiniki tekinoroji uye kugadzira magneti ane simba anoshandiswa mune electrocracks, magetsi emagetsi emitsipa, Gadolinium, Samarium, Neodymium naPraichym vanoshandiswa mune rocket tekinoroji.
Mukugadzirwa kwemafosi - Europe uye terbium.
Ceriums inoshandiswa seyakacheya mune maitiro ekupaza cartytic kupaza mumabhizinesi ekunatsa oiri.
Lantan inodiwa mukugadzirwa kwemabhatiri uye neyechiratidzo chemafuta ekupaza, pamwe nekugadzirwa kwegirazi neine hombe rexctivation index.
Scandium - Mukugadzirwa kwezvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvezvikamu zveAerospace.
Yttrium - Mukutungamira zvishandiso muindasitiri emhepo uye kune yakakwirira-tembiricha mashura.
10 Mazhinji anodhura mita:
- MuEgumi nzvimbo isiriyo. Iyo inoshandiswa mune zvishongo, semutengesi mune yakanyanya kukosha makomendi (mabvi, cosmonautics, chaiyo yemagetsi), mumufananidzo, kuti ufukidze mamirioni emhando yepamusoro, mukugadzirwa kwemabhatiri. Mutengo wazvo wave anenge makumi mashanu rubles pane gramu.
- Nzvimbo yechipfumbamwe ndeye scandium. Mutengo wayo ndeye 3-4 madhora pagiramu.
- Panzvimbo yechisere ndiyo rhenium. Mutengo waro wave anenge mashanu madhora pagiramu.
- Panzvimbo yechinomwe ndeye rutherenium. Mutengo wayo ane makore 7-8 madhora pagiramu.
- Pane imwe nzvimbo yechitanhatu ndeye Osmay. Mutengo wayo ane makore gumi nemaviri emadhora pagiramu.
- Platinamu iri pamusha wechishanu. Mutengo wayo ane 28-30 madhora pagiramu.
- Munzvimbo yechina isiriyo. Mutengo wazvo ndeye 47-50 madhora pagiramu.
- Munzvimbo yechitatu ndarama. Mutengo wayo ane makore makumi mana nemashanu emadhora pane gramu.
- Munzvimbo yechipiri ndeyePalladium. Mutengo wazvo wave anenge madhora makumi matanhatu pagiramu.
- Simbi inodhura - Rhodium, mutengo wayo anenge madhora zana pagiramu. Inoshandiswa muindasitiri yemakemikari, yekugadzira magirazi nemwenje, pamwe nezvishongo. Pakati pegore, rhodium mhinizi inenge makumi matatu ematani.
Kutanga kubva kuhafu yechipiri yezana ramakore rechi20, metals yakawanikwa yakarongedzwa semhedzisiro yekusaita nyukireya muAtomic Entertors yakatanga kushandiswa mune zvemazuva ano matekinoroji. Munguva yedu, kushandisa kwavo kunogara kuri kuwedzera, asi ivo vanodhura zvakanyanya, zvakanyanya kudhura kupfuura zvinhu zvisingawanzoitika. Pamhepo yekutsinhana kwemasita anokosha vasingatengeserana, pane kusapindirana - kutengeserana mumasimbi aya anobvumidzwa chete kune iyo interstate level uye nekutonga kwakasimba kweiyo Ieea.
Osmium-187. Mari yemutengo weGramu imwe ndeye 200,000 madhora. Inoshandiswa seyakaratidziro yemakemikari maitiro, mumushonga uye mukugadzirwa kwekugadzirira kuridza zviridzwa. Dzinenge 8 grams dzakachengetwa pagore; Nyika chete iyo yave iyo mined ndeye Kazakhstan.
California-252. Mari yemutengo wegiramu imwe ndeye mamirioni gumi emadhora. Mining Mining ndeye 30-40 microgramms. Inoshandiswa mukurapa pakurapa redhiation ye oncology, pamwe nekuona kuremara kwemukati kwezvinhu zviri muatomu vanoita uye ndege.
Panguva imwecheteyo, kukosha kwezvinhu zvisingawanzo kuitika kubva gore kusvika gore chete kukura, kunowedzera mutengo wavo. Nguva pfupi yadarika, palladium mutengo wakachipa pane goridhe, asi mumakore makumi maviri apfuura Akasimuka kakawanda.
Saka, kana uine dambudziko raunoisa mari yemahara kwemakore akati wandei - pamwe unofanirwa kutenga kilogiramu-imwe palladium kana platinamu. Kana kutenga neodymium - mumakore gumi apfuura ekushandisa kwayo kwakawedzera ka11, uye mutengo wacho wakatanga kukura nazvo.
Munyori - Igor Vadimov
Kunobva - Springzhizni.ru.