Iyo iripo kubhengi system yeRussia haina kusarudzika. Zvakangodaro, zvakabvumidzwa kuve vakafanirwa nekupfuura nhanho yakaoma yezvirambidzo pakurwira kwehutachiona hweCoronavirus. Kudonha kweGDP gore rakapera gore rakazova madiki madiki pane vaongorori vakafungidzirwa.
Kazhinji, isu neimwe nzira hatina kutora kuti titaure nezve basa uye nekukosha kwemari, kunyanya chikamu chebhangi mukuvandudzwa kwehupfumi hwehupfumi. Mabhangi anogadzira mutsara wekubatanidza wehupfumi hwezvino chazvino, zviitiko zvavo zvine hukama nezvinodiwa zvekubereka. Kuve pakati pehupenyu hwehupfumi, kushumira zvido zvevagadziri, mabhanga akarondedzera hukama pakati peindasitiri nekutengeserana, kurima uye huwandu hwevanhu. Nerubatsiro rwemabhangi, kuunganidzwa kwemari yechinguva isina kushandiswa kwenguva pfupi, basa ravo reruzivo.
Mabhangi inzvimbo inotenderera yehupfumi hwenyika ipi neipi. MuRussia, yakatanga kungodonha kweUSSR, ndiko kuti, anenge makore makumi matatu apfuura. Vanhu vazhinji vanoyeuka kuti mabhangi akamuka ndokunyangarika nekumhanya kwenzvimbo, uye pamwe chete navo - mipiro yevagari nemabhizinesi. Iyo yeSoviet yeSoviet yemari yakaparadzwa nekuti yakanga isina kuitirwa kushandira hukama hwemusika. Sistimu nyowani yemari yakazvarwa mufurawa kukunda nyonganiso yemari. Kwenguva ya1990-1995, mabhangi makumi masere nemasere akanyoreswa muRussia. Mhirizhonga yemari pakati-ma1990 muRussia yakazosvika pamwero wekuti kwaive nekutyisidzira chaikoiko kuchisvika chemugadziriro wezvemari zvakavanzika zvinopesana nenyika. Rangarira zvimwe "mmm" Mr. Mavrodi. Defalt 1998 yakanyatso kuparadza iyo parizvino yakabata bhangi system. Kubva muna 1999, zvave kuunza.
Iyo Central Bank yeRussia yaifanira kubata basa rakakura pane kudzoreredzwa kweiyo bhangi system, inovandudzwa pakuvandudza basa remabhangi ekutengeserana uye kuwedzera kwezvinhu zvavo. Kuti uvandudze musika, iyo central bank yakatanga kudzora kuunza: yakaunzwa Bank Ngozi Management zviyero, inosungirwa kuburitsa kutaurira, kuvandudza nzira uye tsika yekutarisirwa. Semhedzisiro yeSahanation kubva kumabhangi ebhangi musika, insolvent inogona kubviswa. Muzhinji, kupora kwakakura uye kwepakati uye kwepakati uye kwepakati kwezinesi kune yakakura uye yepakati mabhangi akakweretesa kukweretesa kumabhangi aya evaridzi vevaridzi vavo. Dambudziko rekutambudzika kwezvinhu zveganho rekubhengi rakadzoreredzwa. Mamiriro acho anogadziriswa.
Nekudaro, dambudziko ra2008-2009, uyezve dambudziko ra2015 rakaratidza kusagadzikana kweiyo Russian Banking System. Saka, hofori inozivikanwa yeganda rekubhengi Volga-vyatsky bank Sberbank akarasikirwa ne40% ye purofiti muna 2009, muna 2014 purofiti yakawira neimwe 20%. Panguva imwecheteyo yakawedzera vhoriyamu yezvikanganiso zvakadarika.
Nhamba yemabhangi eRussia aingogara achidaro. Nekudaro, maererano nebhangi repakati reRussia Federation ye2015, 950 kiredhiti masangano aive nezinesi rekuita mabasa ekubhengi. Kubva munaFebruary 1, 2021, 365 mabhangi ekutengeserana anoshanda muRussia. Muna 2020, hurongwa hweRussia Federation Yakaderera ne26 Mabhangi, kwegore Zvakanyanya kujekeswa kushoma kutyorwa kwekuti ndeapi mabhangi akanyimwa marezinesi.
Muma 90s, mabhangi anopfuura makumi maviri akagadzirwa muma 90s. Idzi dzaive chaiyo nizhny novgorod mabhangi. Pakazosvika 2021, 23 nizhny novgorod bank yakadzokororwa mashandiro nekuda kwekudzvanywa kana kudzoreredza rezinesi nebhangi reRussia. Munguva pfupi yapfuura muna 2019 yakarasikirwa nemarezinesi "radiotekhbank" uye bhangi "kusonganira".
Kuchenesa "kwakadaro" kweiyo bhangi chikamu kubva kuCentral Bank yeRussia yakapa mibairo yakanaka. Muna 2020, kunyangwe kuwirirana kwechiitiko chehupfumi nekuda kwezviitiko zveanotarisira, chikamu chebhangi chakaratidza maitiro akanaka. Sekureva kwe data rakavhurika kubva kuna Ndira kusvika Nyamavhuvhu 2020, huwandu hwesimba hwakawedzera neinenge 9.4%. Kuwedzera kukuru mune ichi chiratidzo chakapihwa nemabhangi kubva kumusoro 5: Mugove wavo mune yakazara midziyo yezvinhu zvakachinja ne11%.
Isu tinoona iyo yakafanana yakanaka mhedzisiro yeiyo banking chikamu muNizhny novgorod mudunhu. Maererano neViga-Vyatsky General Dhipatimendi reRussia, huwandu hwemari yeNizhny novgorod, akaiswa pamabhangi ebhangi 1 yegore razvino raisvika 622.3 mabhiriyoni anobuda. Pakati pegore, uyu nhamba akasimuka na 10.6%. Izvo zvakakosha kuti usimbise kuti 88% yemari inokwezva vanhu (548.9 bhiriyoni rublos) vanochengetwa mumazubhu.
Masangano epamutemo, kusanganisira mumwechete emabhizimusi, akatanga pakutanga kwe2021 mumabhangi uye akasaisa mumabhangi muNizhy Novgorod Dunhu 326.4 Mabhiriyoni anobuda. Iyi ndeye 25,6% yakakwirira kupfuura iyo 2019 nhamba.
Muna 2020, Chikwereti Chikwereti cheMabhanga muNizhny Novgirod Dunhu Rakawedzera ne15%, dzakataurwa muViga-vyatka-vyatka mauto eCentral Bank. Iko kune kuwedzera kwekambani uye yekutengesa kukweretesa. Kubva waJanuary 1, 2021, iyo yekutengesa zvikwereti portfolio yakaisvonwa kusvika makumi mana nemasere emadhora. Izvi ndezve 10.8% inopfuura gore rakapfuura. Mupiro mukuru kune kuwedzera kwakadaro, maererano nebhangi repakati, rakagadzira chirongwa chechikwereti chekukwereta, chakawedzera ne 17,2% - kusvika pamabhiriyoni gumi nemashanu emadhora. Muna 2020, vagari venzvimbo dzeNizhny novgorod vakatora chikwereti chitsva na 286.3 bhiriyoni rubles, iri 10.4% yakakwirira kupfuura gore rapfuura. Nizhny Novgorod Entrepreneurs akagamuchira mabhiriyoni makumi mashanu emabhiriyoni emakwereti ekuzvikwereta.
Iyi maitiro inoponeswa zvakare mugore razvino. Nizhny Novgorod akatoisa mari yezviuru makumi maviri nezvishanu zvezvikwereti zvezvikwereti zvine rutsigiro rweHurumende kubva pakutanga kwe2021. Kusvika parizvino, chete Sberbank yakaburitswa 1500 zvikwereti muhuwandu hwezvinopfuura mazana matatu emabhiriyoni anokona pane imwe nguva yekufarira.
Nekudaro, iyo yeRussia bhangi system yakawana kugadzikana kwakakwana kwemari kuti uve mutyairi wekuvandudzwa kwehupfumi. Izvo zvaive izvi izvo zvinobvumidzwa kuderedza kurasikirwa kwehupfumi muna 2020.