Nhanho yakakosha mune tekinoroji yekukura kwechando zvirimwa ndiko kutangazve kwezvinomera mushure mekukunda. Iko kusaziva kweiyi nguva ndekwekutanga kwekuvandudzwa kwemwaka wekukura, iko kukura kwechando zvirimwa zvinoitika mumamiriro ekunze uye kwenguva pfupi yechiedza, iyo inokonzera kudiwa kwetsika dzakakwana nezvinhu zvakakosha zvezvikafu, zvese macro uye maMicroelements.
Kubatira maronda ezviyo zvinonhuwirira pane zvakazara uye zvakapetwa zvirimwa zvinoita kuti zviitike kuwedzere kunamatira, uye pane zvakanaka kuwedzera kugadzirwa kweiyo spike. Kuwedzera kwehuwandu hwemasango eiyo nguva yechando Rapes, iyo inoumbwa mumavhiki ekutanga mushure mekutangwazve kwesango, zvinodikanwa kupa tsika nehuwandu hweNitrogen kuitira kuti uwedzere kurapa kwekuwedzera.
Kana vari phosphoric uye potash fetiezers, vanowanzo kuunzwa kusati kudyara, mukuwa. Nekudaro, mumakumi maviri emakore apfuura, sumo yavo, kana ichienzaniswa ne nitrogen, yakaderera zvakanyanya. Izvo zvinofanirwawo kucherechedzwa kuti dambudziko re phosphate uye potash hutano hwezvirimwa ndezvekuti marara ezvinyorwa izvi zvakakosha, asi chikamu chemafomu aripo haagutsi zvido zvezvirimwa.
Kugadziriswa kwezvirimwa naPhosasus Comphorus uye potasium compounds kunogona kuvandudzwa nekushandisa kurimwa kwezvirimwa zvePhonzorus uye potassymobildizing bactial tekinoroji yezvirimwa zvekurima. Saka, nekuda kwekudya kwakakuvadzwa kwechirimwa chenguva yechando uye chando chando, chinokurudzirwa kushandisa biocomplex-Bt Grandfix.
Grandefix - Biological gadziriro yakagadzirwa nekambani yeBTU-Center, iyo inosanganisira bacillus subtilis bactia yakaoma, bacillus megaterium var. Phosphatocum, Azotobactter Chirococcccum, Enterocter sp., Paeniballus polymyxa yemasero anoshanda (0.5 - 1.5) entamined
Kuita kweiyo grappix kwakanangidzirwa pakuvandudza kuwanikwa uye kufamba muvhu rePhosphorous uye expot potassium, pamwe nekuwedzera kwemhando dzakasiyana-siyana muvhu. Kuwedzera chinhu chinoshandiswa chezvinhu zvinovaka muviri kubva kuFetimazers 1.2-15 nguva; kusimudzira kubvumidzwa kwepamhepo kune zvidyarwa zvembiru; Kuvandudza basa rekubereka kwevhu, iko kuvandudza kwevhu, uye zvakare kune yakanaka yekutevera kune iyo tsika inotevera.
Izvo zvinokwanisika kushandisa kugadzirira kweruzivo munzira inotevera: pasi penzira huru uye prewady yekudyara yevhu, mumutsara pakurara, pamwe neanu.
Pane kuwirirana kweCAS neBaceria Yakakwenenzverwa
Mumamiriro ezvinhu emarabhoritari, chidzidzo chakaitwa pane mukana wekusunzika kwesumo yekati uye cas biepreparation, kureva pesvedzero yeNitrogen fetiraizer pane iyo buttia yehutachiona kwe2 ne 4 maawa. Kudzora kwakashanda serile tap yemvura (tafura 1).
Tafura 1. Mhedzisiro yeCarbamide-Ammonia musanganiswa (CAS) pane iyo yekuvhara yehutachiona hwehutachiona hwe biopreparation yeiyo yakagadzirirwa
Mune ese embodilimes, iyo degree re biopreparation tete nekuwedzera kweiyo CAT haina kuderedzwa kana kuenzaniswa nekudzora. Mhedzisiro yacho inoratidza kuti iyo yakagadziriswa inokwanisika kushandisa pamwe chete neCarbamide-Ammonia musanganiswa (CAS).
Munguva 2017-2020. Zvigadzirwa zvekugadzira zvekutanga kwekutanga kweiyo Gratfix biopriya neCASFICARATION YEMADZIMAI RAMBIEED RAKADZWA NEZVE5 L / CAST ZVEZVINOTAURWA NEMAHARA - 3 L / Ha / Ha / ha. Zvidzidzo zvakaitwa kune akasiyana-siyana atifungidzirwa, ivhu mhando uye Ph (tafura 2).
Tafura. 2. Mamiriro ekuitisa kutsvagisa neGradfix Biopreparation
Kunyangwe mamiriro ekunze mukati memakore ekutsvaga aive akasiyana, asi iwo makuru emitemo yekugadzirira kwevaGradfix mubereki ezvinyorwa zvezviratidzo zveAgrochemical eVovhu uye kugadzirwa kwezvirimwa zvakachengetedzwa.
Pane zvirimwa zvekubatwa chibharo chenguva yechando, nechitubu chekutanga cheGrapphix 5 l / ha cas, kuwedzera kwechibereko kwakawanikwa kubva 3.31 kusvika 5.0 C / ha (FAD. 1). Kuwedzera kwechibereko chetsika kwaive nekuda kwekuwedzera kwehuwandu hwembeu mune pod uye huwandu hwembeu dzegumi.
Panowanzoita zvetsika zvetsika zvezvigadziriso zvezvakanyorwa zvevatatu 3 L / HECTare kubva kuhupfumi hwakawanikwa kubva ku 1.9 kusvika 5.3 C / ZIMO -
Fig. 1. Iyo goho rekubatwa chibharo yechando uye chando chezviyo zvirimwa
Mhedzisiro yeAgrochemical leail kuongorora
Kuti utarise kuwedzera kwehuwandu hwenharembozha dze phosphorus uye potsium mushure mekushandiswa kweiyo yakagadzirirwa gradfix mugadziro weGradfix kugadzirira, kusarudzwa kwegororo kwakaitwa kuti aongorore uye microbiological kuongorora. Sezvo mhedzisiro yekuongorora kwekunyepedzera kwevhu yakaratidza, pane kuwanda kwekusunurwa, pakanga paine kuwedzera kwemhando dzePhosporus kana dhigiri renguva yechando panguva yemhando dzakasiyana dzemhando dzakasiyana dzevhu (Tafura 3). Kukura kweMafomu anofambiswa phosphorous, zvichienderana nerudzi rwevhu uye chikamu chekuvandudzwa kwetsika, kwaibva kwaitika 8.4 kusvika 41.4%. Dhigirii rekufambisa kwe phosphorus yakawedzera pamhando dzose dzevhu. Iyo huwandu hwekutenderera potassium yakawedzera ne 6.3 - 20%. Dhigirii rekufamba kweiyo potasium potasium yakawedzera zvakare ingangoita marudzi ese evhu.Izvo zvinofanirwa kucherechedzwa kuti mune zvimwe zvidzidzo ikoko muhuwandu hwefoni phasphorous uye potassium mafomu anowedzera nekuwedzera kwezvibereko uye kuwedzera kunoenderana kwezvinhu zvinovaka zvinhu zvine zvigadzirwa zvikuru.
Tafura. 3. Mhedzisiro yeAgrochemical Ongororo yevhu
Maitiro pane chiitiko chebhizimusi revhu
Kuti uone mhedzisiro yevaGrapphix chiitiko chevhu, howa dzaive dzakasarudzika kubva kune ivhu sampuli kuita tsika dzakachena uye kusarudza mhando zvichienderana nehunyanzvi hwekubvumidzwa (Tafura 4).
Tafura. 4. Mhedzisiro yekuongorora micetological yeiyo ivhu
Maererano nemhedzisiro yekuongororwa kwemadokero kwevhu, pane kuwedzera kwehuwandu hwemarudzi eSperotrophic munzvimbo dzine grapphix. Ndokunge, zvipukanana, icho chiri chikamu cheiyo grandix yekugadzirira bhizimusi, vanoshingairira kukwikwidza nemhando dzekugara dzichigara muvhu, iyo ine mhedzisiro yekukura uye kukura kwetsika. Huwandu hwemhando yeSperotrophic yehutachiona pamatanho ane sumo yeiyo gradfix biopreparation yakawedzera ne4,1-41.0%.
Chikamu chehupfumi chePhosformobilizer
Mari yekugadzira yakaiswa muzvidzidzo zvekugadzira zvinoenderana neakajairwa 13.53 uye $ 22.54 / ha. Kana kuverenga iyo yakawanikwa mamiriro emamiriro ezvinhu, mutengo wacho wakatorwa na 08.08.2020. Kwematani e130,84 $ uye Nguva yechando Gorosi - 201.99 $. Nekudaro, iyo yakawanikwa mamiriro ezvinhu kubva pakushandiswa kweiyo gadziriso yeGradfix kugadzirira kweBiologics paChionale neCoxie Makumi 1.27 / HEAT STOUT kubva 23.05 kusvika 89.92 $ / ha.Nekuda kweizvozvo, sumo yechando dzakaita nguva yechando yezvigadzirwa zvezviyo zvezviyo zvinovaka kubva kune imwe chete kuwanikwa kwenharembozha dze phosphorous uye potassium, kushandiswa kwekushandiswa kwefetiraiza uye kubereka kwetsika.
O.v. Schorgun, chigaro. S.-X Science, Btu-Center
D.v. Litvinov, d. S.-x sainzi, nubip
Vamiriri venhau vekambani Btu Center:
MuRussia: Kambani Obolik mutsarahttps ::organik-line.ru.
MuKazakhstan: Albi kambani kambanihttle httf://albio.kz.