Kukwira mitengo yezvigadzirwa zvakakwezva kutarisisa kwemutungamiri Vladimir putin kumashure mukutanga kwaZvita 2020. Panguva iyoyo yaive nguva yezvinhu zvehupfumi, musoro weHurumende, musoro weHurumende unonzi mutsika wezvigadzirwa zvakaedzwa kuti vagadzire mitengo yepamoyo pasi pekuwana mari yakawanda pasina kufungira zvido zveRussia mutengi. Sekureva kwaPutin, mutengo wake wekukwira unowedzera zvigadzirwa, kwete zvine chekuita nemamiriro ezvinhu ezvinangwa, sekushayiwa kweiyo rubu. Mienzaniso, mutungamiri wenyika, pasita, shuga uye mafuta uye sunflower, anodhura, kunyangwe hazvo zviyo, uye shuga zvigayo, uye svutugadzike svutugadzike. "Vanhu vanozvirambidza, nekuti havana mari yezvigadzirwa zvekutanga." Uri kutarisa kupi? Uyu mubvunzo! Izvi hazvisi kuseka! " - Musoro weNyika wakatsamwa.
Mushure mekutsoropodzwa kwakapinza kwaPutin, kabati yevashumiri vakapedzisa chibvumirano neyekutengeserana network network kuti vatore mutengo wezvigadzirwa izvi. MunaDecember, muRussia, nemitemo yehurumende, mitengo yepamusoro ye shuga yakagadzwa (46 rubles pa kilograph muRetail) uye yezuva rezuva (110 rubles per litema). Zviyero zvichashanda zvisati zvapera kusvika pakupera kwechikamu chekutanga che2021. Mushure memitengo yekutsvaira nevatungamiriri, mamwe manhamba ekutengesa, kunyanya, "SEATEROCHPE" Shopu "Craroces" uye "akazivisa kuderera kwezvinhu zvinomwe zvekudya zvekudya, kusanganisira chingwa, pasita , madhiri, tii nemukaka. Iyo kambani inotaura kuti ichatora kutengeserana kushandisa pamusoro pavo.
Pamusoro pekugadzwa kweMitengo yeMarginal, hurumende yakagadzira huwandu hwetsika dzetsika pane kutumirwa kwezvinhu zviyo nezvimwe zvigadzirwa zvakanyanyisa kuwanda kweiyo yakagadziriswa. Mhinduro yakadaro inotyisidzirwa nechishuwo chekudzivirira kutumirwa kwezviyo kumisika yekune dzimwe nyika kune zvinokuvadza zvemukati. Mushumiri wekurima kweRussian Federation Dederation Dederation Patrushev zvakananga kuti izvi zvakaitwa kuti izvi zvigadzirwa zvezvigadzirwa zvekupedzisira zveFlauro, zviyo uye nyama uye maindasitiri uye maindasitiri emakaka ".
Mitemo yehurumende yemitengo yezvigadzirwa zvakakura zvemagariro zvinokonzera kunetseka kwakanyanya pakati pevatori vechikamu mumagariro ekurima. Vice-purezidhendi weRussia Brato Union Alexander Orchid zvinonzi sarudzo yekutonga mitengo ye "chiyero chePopulist Chiyero che" Populist Chiyero ", chisina chekuita nekurwira mari yehuwandu hwehuwandu hwehuwandu hwehuwandu hwevanhu. Uye zvedu, uye zvepasirese zviri pachena zvinoratidza kuti chero kuedza kwekukoshesa mitengo inotungamira kunotungamira kune imwe mhedzisiro - iyo zvinhu zvinonyangarika kubva mumusika uye inova kushomeka. Mutengo usingadzoreki unowedzera zvisingaoneki zvinotungamira mukunyanyisa uye kusakwanisa kwezvinhu zvakareruka.
Zvichakadaro, chiitiko chekugadzirisa dambudziko rekuverengera kuti kuwanikwa kwechikafu kune mapoka emari yakaderera epasi kune uye kuzivikanwa kune avo vane hunyanzvi munyika. Aya makadhi ekudya anowana vagari vemo vane mari. Pakarepo ini ndinoona kuti chirongwa ichi hachina chekuita nehurongwa hwekudya hwekudya hunozivikanwa nenyika yedu.
Nyika yedu yakadzokorora kuunza hurongwa hwemakadhi echitoro mune hungwaru hwakakura nzara uye kuperevedza kwekudya munyika. Yakanga iri system yekugovera nhamba shoma yezvigadzirwa pakati pevagari. Iyo yakatsunga mwero wekushandiswa kweimwe zvinhu pamunhu mukushomeka kwakapinza.
Vanhu vechizvarwa vakuru vanoziva nguva yekugovera kwezvigadzirwa mumamiriro ekushomeka kwavo kwepasi rose. Ngatiyeukei idzi nguva. Kekutanga nguva kuoneka muna 1916, mukati mehondo yenyika yekutanga. Iyo sisitimu yakazosvitswa mushure meiyo Februc Revolution uye yaivapo kusvika 1921 - Shanduko kune iyo itsva yehupfumi mutemo (NP). Iyo kadhi system yakadzoserwa muna 1929 uye inoshanda kusvika 1935, aya ndiwo makore ekuunganidzwa nevakawanda nzara munzvimbo dzinoverengeka dzeUSSR. Iyo kadhi system yakadzoserwa zvakare muna 1941 panguva yehondo huru yemuchadenga uye yakabviswa muna 1947.
Iyo yekupedzisira nguva yekuparadzira system yakaunzwa muUSSR muma1980s - ipapo coupons yakaoneka. Aya makore e-Ubiquitous kushomeka. Nekufamba kwenguva, coupons yakatanga kupihwa pachikafu chikuru - chingwa, munyu, shuga uye tii. Iko kushomeka kwakawanda uko kwakabata kusagutsikana kwemagariro, izvo zvakaita kuti tikwanise kuparadza nyika. Iyo kadhi system yakatanga kuenda pakutanga kweiyo 90s uye iyo yekupedzisira coupons yakanyangarika kubva mukudzvanywa muna1993.
Mumwe munhu anozoita kunge asinganzwisisike, asi kadhi rekudya rave richishanda kwemakore anenge zana vakapinda munyika hupfumi muguta guru - muUSA. Kekutanga nguva yaonekwa muna 1939 sekuita kwekushungurudzika kukuru. Uye nekuvhiringidza uye dzimwe shanduko dziripo kusvika pari zvino.
Chirongwa chekutengeserana kwekutengeserana kwezvigadzirwa (snap - Supplemental hutano hwekubatsira rubatsiro) izita idzva rechigadzirwa chinopfuura muUnited States. Inofanira kucherechedzwa musiyano wakakosha uye wakakodzera pakati peChirongwa cheAmerican - Iyo Yekudya Yekubatsira Yekubatsira yeAmerica haina kumbobvira yaita kubatsira vane nzara. Muchokwadi, kubva panguva iyo kadhi system inoonekwa muUnited States yakagadzirirwa kutsigira vanogadzira zvigadzirwa zvekurima, ndiko kuti varimi. Musoro wekutanga wemugodhi Milo Perkins zvakananga kuti nyika inogovera mugomba rakadzika-dzika, kune rimwe divi revarimi vane zvigadzirwa zvakawandisa kune rimwe - kusanzwisisa vagari vemumaguta. Izvo zvinodikanwa kuvaka bhiriji kuburikidza neiyi gomba rakadzika-dzika.
Kubva muna Gumiguru 2016, chikafu chakagamuchira vanhu zviuru zvina makumi mana nezvishanu kubva pamasimba makumi maviri nenomwe, makumi maviri nenomwe Avhareji yemwedzi yemwedzi yemweya mari yaive $ 126.13, imba - $ 256.93. Kwete isu vagari veUS, asiwo vatariri vepamutemo vaigara munharaunda yenyika inopfuura makore mashanu kana vane vana vakuru, vanogona kuverengerwa zvakanaka.
Mari yemari yehurongwa iri yakazova imwe yenzira dzinoshanda kwazvo dzeBhajeti Federal kusimudza hupfumi. Dollar rimwe nerimwe, rinoshandiswa kubva mubhajeti pane zvigadzirwa zvechigadzirwa, pakupedzisira akawedzera nyika GNP ne1.7-1.8 madhora. Nhamba yevanowana vanogamuchira vanowanzochinja ichichinja: Inowedzera panguva yekutambudzika uye kuderera mukati memakore ekukura. Muna 2013, chinyorwa chakanyorwa chakagadzwa. Ipapo m coupons yehuwandu hwe76.1 mamirioni emadhora akagamuchira 47.6 mamirioni maAmerican.
Parizvino, makadhi emagetsi emakadhi (eBT) anoshandiswa panzvimbo pemakoni. Nhengo dzeiyo yekubatsira rubatsiro system ine kodzero yekutenga chero zvigadzirwa muzvitoro zvinoshumira mamepu akadaro. Zvidzidzo zvinoratidza kuti maAmerican kutora chikamu muchirongwa vanofarira chikafu chakachipa uye chisina hutano. Kuvandudza kunaka kwehutano, zviremera zvakatanga kuongorora chikafu chine hutano, kutenga miriwo nemichero.
Snap Chirongwa makore akati wandei apfuura akakwezva kutarisisa kwevakuru veRussia - kwenguva yekutanga kusuma iyo Ticket System muRussia muna 2014 yakatsanangurwa hushumiro hwenduru. Hurumende iyi yakataura kuti chikumbiro chakadai chinokonzera kushamwaridzana kwakashata neSoviet kushomeka uye kuchave kuswededza kuUSSR. Chirongwa ichi chakakurukurwa, kunyange chakataura mashoko ekupedzisira ekutanga kuita, asi zvakachengeteka "kukanganwika." Kunyanya kuitika, ivo havana kugona kugovera mari inodiwa.
MunaApril 2020, misoro yenhambwe yenyika, mubatanidzwa weRussia wevabiki uye confectioners, iyo yekubatana kwevakadzorerwa vatengesi veRussia vakatumira zano kuhurumende yeRussia Federation kuti udzokere ku chirongwa cheShumiro yeindasitiri kune kushandisirwa kwemakadhi echitoro. Maererano nekufungidzira kwevanyori vekukwikwidza, makadhi akafanana nemazana zviuru gumi pamwedzi vachakwanisa kugamuchira mamirioni gumi, mazana masere emabhiriyoni anodikanwa kuti apedze mari pakupera kwegore. Muna Ndira 2021, mukamuri yeruzhinji yeRussia Federation paTafura Yeturu "Kuverengera Kuwanika Kwekudya Kwevagari Vakaipa" zvakare kwakamutswa nenyaya yekuunza zvitupa zvekudya. Pfungwa yekuunza makadhi epurasitiki anotanga kuwana rutsigiro munharaunda.
Izvo zvinongodiwa kuti unzwisise zvakajeka kuti uku kutsigirwa kwemapoka ane mari yepasi ehuwandu hwevanhu. Chinangwa chechirongwa ichi ndechekupa mukana wekuwana zvigadzirwa pasina kudzikisira mutengo wavo, pasina kumanikidzwa kwemusika uye vagadziri. Nyaya yekutsvaga zvigadzirwa zvevatsigiro haisi basa guru, sezvo pasina kushomeka kana kuwandisa kwezvigadzirwa. Kunyangwe chirongwa ichi chinotora mukana wekuwana zvigadzirwa zvevanyori vepamba chete. Mari inouya haigone kutungamira zvimwe zvigadzirwa zvevasina-grocery Assortment. Mukana wekuwana doro uye fodya yakadzimwa. Sekureva kwenyanzvi, chirongwa chakadai chine mikana mikuru yekuvandudza huwandu uye kunaka kwehupenyu hwehuwandu. Rubatsiro rwekudya harisi kutumira, asi rutsigiro rwemunhu mumamiriro ezvinhu akaoma mamiriro.
Uye nepo paine nharo mumahofisi makuru, atova munaNovember 2020, mapurojekiti ekutyaira ekushandiswa kwezvigadzirwa zvezvigadzirwa zvakawana. MunaNovember muDunhu reRostervi uye Vladimir, uye mu St. Petersburg, makadhi eSt. Uye kunyange kana chiuru chimwe chete chiuru pamwedzi zvichichinjiswa pamakadhi, asi izvi zvakare zvinobatsirawo.
Mukufunga kwangu, kushandisirwa kwechirongwa chekadhi grocery kuchapa kuwanikwa kwehuwandu hwehuwandu hwemagariro ezvekudya. Uyezve hakuzove nemhaka iyo "nzira yekumisa kusimuka mumitengo yezvigadzirwa." Kukwira mitengo - iyo isingadzivisiki mhedzisiro yezvinangwa zvehupfumi maitiro uye zvakare zvakarongedzwa nenzira dzehupfumi. Hurumende icharamba ichifanira kudzidza nzira dzehupfumi dzemitemo yemusika. Asi varombo vanofanira kutsigirwa uye kudya.