O, kwete iyo general nyaya iyi - kurwira rugare pasi rese. Mauto anogashira zvavakaita uye mazita ekubudirira mumunda wemauto. Zvakangodaro, General Army General George Marshall (1880-1959) yakava gore idzva reNobel Mubairo weNyika 1953, yekutanga uye chete yehutachiona uye yakapihwa mubairo wakadaro.
Asi zvinhu zvekutanga kutanga. Mudiki George Marshall aisada kubatsira baba vake mubhizimusi remhuri rakabudirira Mushure meizvozvo, kudzidziswa mucheche uye chikoro chevashandi uye muhondo yevashandi vehondo.
Kutora chikamu muhondo yePhilippine uye muhondo yenyika yekutanga, makore matatu ebasa semukuru weiyo ngano yekudzingirira, mamwe makore mashoma ebasa rakaoma kuChina, uye pazera ramakore makumi mana neshanu, anoenda kunoita basa rekudzidzisa, Chaizvoizvo kutenda kuti chikamu chinoshanda chebasa rake chakapera. Makore gumi nemaviri ekushanda muuto weuto mucheche muFort Benning (Georgia) akasimbisa mukurumbira wake sehunyanzvi hune hunyanzvi, pamwe nemunhu ane simba uye kuzvidzora.
Ndosaka vachiti iwe unotanga kuzoshanda mukurumbira, uyezve mukurumbira unotanga kukushandira iwe. Muna 1936, Marshall anopa musoro webrigade General uye tumira kuWashington. Apa anotungamira Dhipatimendi rekushanda rekuronga rehurumende.
Pazuva rehondo yenyika yechipiri, Nyamavhuvhu 1, 1939, marshall akazova musoro wevashandi vake, uye pasina nguva President F. D. Roosevelt anomuita zano rake pane zano nemazano. Marshall anofambidzana neMutungamiri wenguva dzose, anotora chikamu mubasa remisangano yose yenyika dzese, kusanganisira Tehran naYalta.
Hondo yeMarshall ine zviitiko zvakasiyana siyana: Anoronga zvinowanikwa zvombo uye zvekudya zvekurwira kuRussia, pamwe chete neBritish, kuendesa muchiuto kuNorth Africa uye SICILY, zvirongwa kune Landfill Mauto muNormandy. Kufumura "Kuwedzeredza" (1944) Ndiro hurukuro huru kwazvo munhoroondo, vanhu vanopfuura mamirioni matatu vakatora chikamu mairi, akaisa kuvhurwa kwechipiri kumberi kweEurope.
Muna 1947, Marshall anogamuchira kokero kubva kuMutungamiriri weGuta reNyika yeTruman kutora postori yekutora munyori wenyika, iyo inoenderana nekutumira kweMufundisi ezvekunze. Truman anotarisira kuti chiitiko chikuru chegamba rehondo mbiri dzenyika uye mukurumbira wayo wakanaka kwazvo uchabatsira kudzoreredzwa kwehukama hwenyika dzese.
Marshall anosarudza kugamuchira chikumbiro ichi, achitarisira kuti, kuve panzvimbo yakakwirira zvakadaro, ichakwanisa kuchinja pfungwa yekuenzanisa kwemakomputa. Chokwadi ndechekuti Euphoria yake yepamberi yekupa hurukuro ine hanya zvakanyanya uye chishuwo chekuparadzanisa pakutambura nekuparadza Europe. Zvinonyatso kumuyeuchidza nezvemakore makumi maviri apfuura, kana kuutsa kwevanhu kuchikwanisa kuuya kune simba.
Mamiriro ezvinhu muEurope asina kunyatsotyisidzira: Mamirioni makumi mashanu nemashanu akafa vanhu vane mamirioni ane hurema, kushayikwa kwemamirimita ane nzara yemamirioni emapuranga emvura, ayo, maererano nekugara, vanogona kuve disassembled chete muna 1978.
Maitiro Ekutsigira Europe? Mazano mazhinji akataura nezvenyaya iyi, asi Marshall akakwanisa kuunganidza boka revane vane tarenda uye vanokudziridza hurongwa hwakadzama hwerubatsiro rwehupfumi munguva yekodhi (chirongwa chekugadzirisa cheEurope). Iye zvino chinhu chinonyanya kukosha chaive chekuti vagadzire veEuropean, uye pamusoro pevaAmericans vese, mukuda kuronga izvi kuupenyu.
Iko kusimudzirwa kweiyo Marshall Plan kwaive kugadzirira senge kushanda kwehondo chaiyo. Kuti vadzivise ruzivo rwekuparadza, basa rese rakaitwa mumamiriro ezvinhu ekuvanzika zvakanyanya, izvi zvaisaziva dhipatimendi reHurumende, kana kunyange mutungamiri weMutungamiri iyeye. Marshall nechikwata chake, chokwadika, vakanyatsonzwisisa kuti "zviito" zvakadai zvinogona kuvarasikirwa nevese vavanoita. Asi, maererano neJapan, iyo general yakafanira haina mauto ekutya.
Chivabvu 5, 1947, Harvard. Pazuva rino, Marshall akapiwa Honorary Degree degree. Nekudaro, panzvimbo yekutaura kwekuvonga, mataurirwo ese gumi emaminitsi gumi aive akazvipira kuratidzwa kwehunhu hwechirongwa chekudzoreredza kwehondo. Europe yakakurudzira rubatsiro rwemari, uye hurumende dzenyika dzinogamuchira dzinofanira kunge dzakaronga saizi uye nzira dzekudzoreredza uye dzinosimbisa hupfumi hwavo.
Kutaura kweMarshall kwakaita kuti ave nyore, akave nyeredzi yezvematongerwo enyika mumasutuketi ehembe dzehembe dzevose. Mutungamiri Truman vakazivisa kuti iyo Marshall Chirongwa ihafu yechipiri yeNut kune "dzidziso ye" dzidziso yake yekumanikidza kwechiKomonisiti ", uye iye mweya wese". Congress yaitya kuti iyo yakakura yekubuda kwe capital yaizokuvadza hupfumi hweUS.
Nekudaro, hurongwa hwemarshall hwaive kure neparty. 17 Mabhiriyoni emabhiriyoni akajekesa Europe panosununguka, asi apedza kunyanya muUnited States kunotenga zvishandiso zvakasiyana uye masevhisi. Saka, mabasa matsva akasikwa, hupfumi hwacho hwanyorova.
Pamusangano muParis (Chikunguru 1947), kwaikwana kongiri dzekubatsirwa kweimwe yenhengo dzeEurope dzeEuropean dzakakurukurwa, nhume dzeSoviet dzakasiya imba yemusangano. "Ichi chiratidzo chisingagutsi cheAmerican Imperialism," V. Molotos vakati. Nomuzvarirwo, nekuti chete mamiriro ekuwana rubatsiro mukudzoreredza hupfumi hwaive kubviswa kwehupfumi kubva kuhurumende.
"Marshall chirongwa" chinoonekwa seyakabudirira chirongwa chekubatsira hupfumi. Kutenda kune ino nzvimbo yekununura, indasitiri yeEurope yakavharwa zvizere uye yatove muna 1951 yakadarika 40% yeiyo pre-yehondo. Panguva imwecheteyo iyo hwaro hwenhamba yeEuropean European
Mubairo weNobel wepasi rose unopihwa kubva muna 1901, kwemakore gumi nematanhatu azvo asina kupihwa nekuda kwekushayikwa kwevanokodzera vanyoreri. Uye chete kamwe chete haina kupihwa zviito chaizvo, kwete kune chaiyo kurwa kwebasa renyika, asi kune vavariro nezvipikirwa. Iyo nobel Laureate ya2009 yakava Mr. Barack Obama.
Munyori - Julia Indicator
Kunobva - Springzhizni.ru.