Maererano nemhedzisiro yemwedzi yechigumi nemana ya2020, mumatunhu makumi matatu chete eRussia, iyo maindasitiri ekugadzira index (IPP) yakanaka. Zororo rakanyorwa kudonha kwekudonha mukugadzira. Kazhinji, nyika iri minus mu 3.1%, uye muTula Dunhu - Kuwedzera kwe 16.6% pakarepo. Dunhu iri pane ichi chiratidzo ndedzimwe zvinhu zvishanu zvakanakisa zvehupfumi hwenyika, kunyangwe hosha. Mucherechedzi wehupfumi weTula Bhizimusi renhoroondo Alexander Savenkov akatarisa kuhuwandu hwakakosha uye akaumbwa.
Kwete chombo chete, asiwo guta guru reWindows?
Chinhu chinoonekwa chehupfumi hwedu hupfumi hwenyika. Zvinoenderana nemhedzisiro ye19 2019, inenge 45% yeiyo Gross Dunhu Chigadzirwa (VRP) mudunhu reTula rakapa huwandu hwekugadzirisa. Iyi ndiyo nhamba yepamusoro muRussia. MuMoscow, semuenzaniso, chete 13.5%. Zororo iri kutengesa, mabhanga, kurapwa kwecy.
Izvi zvinoreva here kuti Tula ndeye "Capital Capital" yeRussia? Zvinozoitika kuti hongu.
Iko hakuna anopfuura maviri makumi maviri ematunhu 85. Munzvimbo yechipiri lipetsk (iyo chikamu cheindasitiri mu vrp - 42%). Nechinguva chidiki kuseri kweOmsk, Yekaterinburg, Kaluga, Vlaga, Vladimir, Samara, Cheripovhi. Mune dzimwe nharaunda huru, hupfumi hunotongwa muchimiro chezvinhu zveNyiniki, pamwe nekushanyirwa, zvemitambo, maresitorendi, pamwe nemafuta egasi, goridhe, madhaimani. Muzhinji, muRussia Federation, chikamu cheindasitiri muChirungu chechigadzirwa - 24% (makore makumi mana apfuura yaive 54%).
Isu tinotarisa pane imwe yakakosha hupfumi chiratidzo - kutumira kwevatengi vezvigadzirwa uye masevhisi. Kwemwedzi gumi, marudzi ese eTula nhumbi dzakatengeswa pamabhiriyoni manomwe emabhiriyoni, kukura kwedatha yenguva imwe chete ye1909 ne12% imwe yekuwedzera yekuwedzera kuRussia. Uyezve, kushandisirwa kwezvinhu zvakanyatso maindasitiri ndeye 645 mabhiriyoni anokara (iyo ingani - inyches, simba, kurasa marara), kana 90% yehuwandu hwehuwandu. Chimwe chinyorwa.
Pane huru "whales" yehupfumi hwedu. 100-110 Bhirioni rubles - Iyi ndiyo huwandu hwekutengesa zvigadzirwa nemabhizimusi emabhizimusi matatu: Chemistry, Metallurgy uye kudzivirira. Anenge mazana masere emabhiriyoni rubles akapa indasitiri yechikafu. Pamwe chete, aya mana ehupfumi "akabata" zvinopfuura hafu yehuwandu hwakazara. Basa rezvigadzirwa zvemagetsi, auto uye mechancal engineering zvigadzirwa, kurima kunoonekwawo.
Uye mamwe makore makumi matatu apfuura, dunhu iri racho riri pakati pematunhu gumi nemashanu-asina kusimba dzeRussia maererano nekugadzirwa kweAgrraan. Zvenguva iyoyo, hatina kuzviruramisa zvizere pachavo pasina chero chinhu kunze kwevodka nedoro. Zviyo zveBhaira Chingwa uye Akaita Macaroni yakatakurwa kubva kuKrasnodar, Stavropol. Mugove weAPK muVorumi yeVRP haina kupfuura 2,5%. Nhasi, chikamu ichi ndech 165%. Panzvimbo pekurasikirwa kukuru kwakapfuura, indasitiri inowana purofiti yemaseti ye2,0-3.5 mabhiriyoni anobhururuka gore rimwe nerimwe. "Mari yekuvandudza" pamukadzi ndeye ka5 yakakwira kupfuura mubhangi chikamu chebhangi, uye ka 1.5 times pane muinjiniya yekugadzira. Vhoriyamu yeTaburiti yeTula Agraanian Zvigadzirwa mumakore mashanu akawedzera ne2,5 times.
Chinyorwa chenhoroondo chakaiswa muunganidzwa wezviyo muna 2020 - mamirioni 2,6 matani. Stock stock. Tula, pakati pezvikamu zvishanu zvakanakisa zveRussia mumatata uye mafuta akamhanya. Mugore razvino, takawedzera kugadzirwa kwenguruve pane imwe kota. Dunhu ndeimwe yevatungamiriri vari mudunhu rehurumende yeFovereral yePoultry nyama, miriwo, soy, mafuta emafuta. Varimi vedu vane chokwadi kuti zvido zvehuwandu hwehuwandu hwenharaunda yacho nemhando dzose dzezvigadzirwa zvemunharaunda zvechitunha, kunze kwemukaka, mhuka yemhuka uye nyama yemhuka uye nyama yemhuka. Nenzira, maererano neyekupedzisira kusiri kure nechinguva chemagetsi yemusika.
Kugadzirwa chaiko kunenge kunze kwekupesvedzera kwedenda
Pane chikamu chemakambani epasirese anotungamira, kune vashoma kufanofungidzira pamhedzisiro yechiitiko chehupfumi. Vazhinji vanotya nezvekushanya, zvivakwa, hutano, mitambo, tsika, maresitorendi. Kunyangwe munyika dzakasiyana siyana mamiriro ezvinhu haana kufanana. Asi vazhinji vavo (uye muRussia) mahofisi uye zvitoro zvatove zvisina chinhu. Kushaikwa kwemabasa kunokura mumunda wemabhizinesi madiki.
Asi zvine chekuita nekuremekedza chaiko (indasitiri, simba, zvekurima, dzimba dzekugara uye dzimba dzekuvaka uye mumugwagwa), mhedzisiro yenyanzvi "inonyatsofara." Pese pese pese maindasitiri aya aive anoramba, anomira nzvimbo, achiwedzera kumhanya. Chikonzero chikuru chinonzwisisika. Pasina kushanya, makomisheni kana maresitoreti, chokwadi, kufinha. Asi iwe unogona kurarama, kuderedza zvido, vanotambura. Pasina chikafu, mishonga, mwenje, kupisa, mvura uye marudzi ese emidziyo - kwete. Chokwadi, pano kutengesa ingozi kwakawirawo nekutanga kwedenda, asi mushure memwedzi mitanhatu kupora. Uye muTula Dunhu - Rose nemhando huru dzezvigadzirwa ne5-20%.
Zvimwe zviratidzo. Kunze kwenyika kwemwedzi 9 yakaratidza mavhoriyamu emadhora mazana maviri emadhora - iyo yechishanu nzvimbo muCentral Federal Dunhu, uye kunze kwenyika kune 25 times, yechitatu chinzvimbo. Zvikurukuru, kutumirwa kunze kwenyika masimbi, makemikari makomputa, zvombo.
Investment mumidziyo yakatarwa ndiyo chiratidzo chikuru chekusimudzira kwehupfumi mumakore anouya. Kazhinji, iyo nyika yakaitika ne20%. Isu tine kuderera kwechitatu. Panyaya yekuderedza mari, dunhu rinogara rokupedzisira uye riri pakati penzvimbo yemubatanidzwa, uye muRussia seyakazara.
Nekudaro, usakanganwa: muna 2019, takava nekodhi pakudyara. Ikozvino inguva mbiri yekudzikira mukusimudzira kweguta reTula, pamwe nenzvimbo dzinokosha dzehupfumi muNodal, muEfremov uye Novomoskovsk. Vagadziri vaitisa vakasarudza kumirira. Vane kodzero. Kushanda pakurasikirwa kwakaipa.
Asi muHachekinsky dunhu, kukura kwekudyara mukuvandudzwa ne3,5 times, kusvika pamabhiriyoni gumi nemashanu emadhora. Iwo emakemikari emuno anounza tekinoroji matsva, gadzira chigadzirwa mukuda mumusika.
Mari yakazara ye "Tula" Investment ndeye 78.0 bhiriyoni rubles - avhareji 7th nzvimbo muCentral Federal District (gore rapfuura takanga tiri panzvimbo ye5).
Yakawandisa purofiti pamusoro pekurasikirwa muyero yedunhu kwemwedzi miviri - pamwe nemabhiriyoni 47.6 mabazi anokwira. 27.4% yakaderera kupfuura gore rapfuura. Asi, chekutanga, isu tichiri "nzvimbo yakanaka", uye kwete pakati pe40% matunhu eRussia, uko hupfumi hwakawira mukukuvara. Kechipiri, mutero wakaita kunge wakasvika padanho rakanaka kwazvo gore rakapera. Tula bhajeti inobudirira kubata nezvisungo zvemagariro.
Mari yemari, mari, mitengo ...
Iyo avhareji saizi yemari yemwedzi gumi ingangoita zviuru makumi mana. Nzvimbo yechina munzvimbo yepakati yehurumende yemubatanidzwa mushure meguta guru, makomo, Kaluga. Wedzera huwandu kubva pakutanga kwegore, 5.4%. Mumashoko chaiye, achifunga nezve mitengo yepamutemo yekunzwa, yakakwira ne2,8%.
Avhareji mari pamugari weTula Dunhu - 27,852 rubles pamwedzi uye nzvimbo ine mwero muCentral Federal District Dity. Avhareji yekudyara - 22 160 rubles. Ndokunge, isu tine 2.0% yemari nhasi, asi isu tinopedza 6.2% isingasviki gore rapfuura. Hupfumi. Asi kwete pane chikafu: kutenga chikafu kwakamuka kwemwedzi gumi nemaviri kusvika 5-8%. Asi zvisingaiti zvezvikafu zvekudya (kunze kwemishonga, makomputa uye nhare yekutaurirana), isu tinotenga zvisingasviki 15-20%. Mumaresitorendi, cinema, maGyms uye magirazi ehusiku anoenda 35% zvishoma kazhinji. Kubva pane zvimiro zviri pamusoro zvakajeka kuti mwedzi wega wega weTulyaki Siya "pamaoko" e5-6 zviuru zvitubu. Uye avhareji kubhengi dhipoziti nhasi ingori anopfuura mazana maviri ezviuru pamatunhu. Chinzvimbo nhamba 9 muCentral Federal District.
PANEMIC "Ate" mabasa?
Pasingashandi chairo, tichaisa zvimwe. Nhau dzichangobva kuwanda uye dzedunhu dzakapinda mumisoro yemhando: "Kushaikwa kweTula mumwedzi mitatu kwakawedzera katatu." Chii chiri kunetsa pano?
Pakutanga kwegore, zviuru makumi matatu vanhu vachitsvaga basa vaive vasvika zviuru makumi mana nezvitatu. Kuwedzera ne33% zvinenge zvangoerekana zvaitika nekuda kwebhizinesi diki. Mugove wekusashanda kubva kune ese ezera rekushanda-zera-14,% pa6,5% muRussia seyese.
Uye 6 times nhamba yeTulyakov inowana mabhenefiti asina basa (zviuru makumi maviri nevaviri nhasi, zviuru zvina kare) zvakawedzera 6 times. Asi pakutanga, mvumo yacho yaive yakaderera zvakanyanya. Vanhu vaigara, vakapa chitupa uye vanogamuchira mari. Izvi ndizvo zvese "kunzwa."
Mumunda, vangangosvika zviuru makumi maviri nezvishanu zvezviuru zvematatu zvinoshanda zviri pamutemo. Pane ava, vanhu vechiuru vanosvika zviuru gumi kubva kuUkraine, zviuru zvina mazana matatu, zviuru zvina makumi matatu neshanu kubva kuBelarus, zviuru gumi kubva kunyika dzeSprancucasia, Central Asia, pamwe neVietnam neChina.
Nzvimbo dzeMutungamiri dzinodiwa kwevashandi vegumi nevaviri. 80% yeVashandi - vashandi vepabasa: michina inokwanisa, mashandiro emakemikari emagetsi, metallurgists, pfuti. Ipo basa racho richitsvaga zvezuro zveziso zvezuro vasati vasati vagamuchira mayunivhesiti uye vehunyanzvi zvikoro, vezvikoro zvine humbowo vezera rekuzorora. Kuda uye mazano haawirirane.
Nezve mitengo: zvichienderana nekuti ungaverenga sei
Mamiriro acho ane mitengo yekutengesa ndechimwe chinongedzo chiratidzo. Asi pano ingori chirevo chinoshandiswa - zvichienderana nekuti kuverenga sei.
Kana iwe ukatora iyo data yeRosstat mu "Polyana" yezvinhu (zvinhu zvinopfuura chiuru), mitengo iri mudunhu rakawedzera ne4,0%, uye muRussia - na 4.2%. Mizar. Kana iwe ukangogumira chete neakakosha chikafu zvigadzirwa (zvinyorwa zvitatu gumi nemaviri), kukura kwacho kwaive 8.6%. Chekupedzisira, maererano nemhando dzakakurumbira dzezvikafu, imwe nehafu zvinhu zvegumi, mutengo unowedzera zvakaitika ne14%.
Pazasi pane zviratidzo zvemamwe marudzi ezvekudya muTula Dunhu kwemwedzi gumi ye2020:
Buckwheat + 40%, shuga + 65%, mafuta emafuta + makumi maviri neshanu, pasita + 12%, butta kirimu + 6.7%, nyama, nyama, nyama ( nyama yenguruve uye nyama yemombe) +4.1, kabichi + 25%.
Uye panguva imwe chete yakawira mumutengo: iyo zai iri 3.0%, huku ne2,5%, madhiri mangoita ne2,0%, ice cream hove ne2,0%.
Putin President Putin yakavimbisa gore rapfuura. Inotarisirwa, mwedzi inouya ichave iri pasi pechiratidzo chehondo kurwisa mutengo wakakwira.
Mukupera kweiyo "postpraket" nhamba. Pakupera kwegore, mutengo wechiyero cheSaladi "Olivier" akagadzirwa neSausage yakabikwa, makarati, madhiri, mayonza, mayonnaise, girini nyowani uye inoonekwa tsika .
Wese munhu anotenda nenzira kwayo. Sekureva kwesangano mbiri - retail uye uya anotengeserana kutengeserana - iyo yekupedzisira mutengo 312 rubles. Ingori 1% inodhura kupfuura gore rapfuura. Ndokunge, iyo yeGore Idzva saladhi haisi inflation.
Mutengo weiyo yakafanana "Olivier" akaonekwa akasimba - anoshanda data data. Chikamu chinodhura 357 rubles, kana 8.5% zvakanyanya kudhura kupfuura "gore rapfuura" saladhi. Kuti uwane mhedzisiro yakadaro, oparesheni akaongorora iyo data pamitengo yechigadzirwa chimwe nechimwe, paakadzidza anopfuura mabhiriyoni mazana maviri emabhiriyoni emadhora.