Yakuts anomiririra vanhu vazhinji veSiberia. Nhasi kune vanhu vangangosvika zviuru mazana mashanu, vanozvinyudza kune ino dzinza. Madzinza eYakut akaburitsa nyika yavo, achipukunyuka mumamiriro ezvinhu akaomesesa enzvimbo ino uye achidzidza kukura kwenzvimbo dzechinyakare kwechiitiko chevanhu. Vanhu ava vechidiki vakakwana - kwenguva yekutanga pamusoro pemadzitateguru avo vanotaurwa muCentement yezana reXIV. Oddly zvakakwana, asi pakutanga vairova veYakuts vaigara munzvimbo dzakasiyana siyana, uye mune zvinhu zvazvino zvavaisiya kare. Ndeipi yaive yakapfuura yevanhu veSakha, yakazvifonera yakazvifonera? Hukama hwavo hwakaimba nemadzinza emuvakakidzani uye kuumbwa kwevanhu kwakaitika?
Yakuta - Sakha uye "DemigiDs"
Pakati peYakuts zvakawandisa, kuzvishingisa kwavo kuzvishambadza kwakafanana naSakha kana Sakhalar. Dzimwe nguva vanozvidaidza kuti Uranhai, asi izvi kuzvironga hazvishandiswe, zvakachengetedzwa chete munharaunda yemuno. Uyu Etsnonym anobvumirana neshoko rekuti "iriraii", sezvo madzinza ekare eMongolia anokohanya. Kufanana kwakadaro kunonongedzera kuhukama hwekare hwemadzitateguru eYkuts uye mongols Uye kana mumwe wavo achibva paruzivo rwezvevanochera matongo uye nhoroondo yezvakaitika kare, vamwewo zvakafanana nezvenhema.
Vanyori veiyo yekare hypothesis yaive yatsuts ivo pachavo. Pakati pevanhu ava, ngano dzaizivikanwa mu Starin kuti vanhu vekutanga vepanyika vaive vamiriri vevanhu vavo. Munhu wekutanga er Sogodok Eli aive wedzinza rakasimba kubva kudenga. Yokutanga Yakuts yakaonekwa nemukadzi wake wepanyika uye yekutanga Yakuts akaoneka. Sezvineiwo, kusvikira nhasi, Yakuts ane izwi richitsanangura madzinza avo. Kushandurwa kubva kune yavo adverb, zvinoreva "demigods". Chokwadi, kwete kuzvininipisa, asi kuzvipira kwakadaro kune zvitendero zvekare zvinokonzera kuremekedzwa nokunzwisisa.
Kuumbwa kwevanhu
Asi ini ndinofungidzira kudzokera kuSainzi yepamutemo. Vazhinji vaongorori vanowanzoziva kuti madzitateguru makuru avanhu aive madzinza ekurira. Ivo vaive muIsraeri vaigara muSiberia. Vanoshamwaridzana, mairskans akakamurwa kuita subgroup matatu, kubva kune vanhu vane hukama mune ramangwana. Pakutanga, madzitateguru eYkuls anogarwa Mupata weYenisei, asi akamanikidzwa kutamira kunzvimbo yebabaisi. Chii chakakonzera shanduko? Sekureva kwenhoroondo vhesiV v.a.stpanov, sundidzira kurykanov kuti vatsvage nyika itsva dzingave nevanhu mumadzinza, pamwe nevanodzvinyirirwa nevavakidzani vavo vehondo.
Mukufamba kwekutama, kurykans vanosanganiswa nevanhu veko, vachiva hwaro hwekuonekwa kweboka renyika idzva - Yakuts. Muzana ramakore reCentine, yakut madzinza anofamba kubva kuTransbhalia kuenda kuLena Pool, Alda naVilyuya. Ikoko vanoremekedzwa nevanhu vane ruzivo, asi nzvimbo dzenharaunda dzinokwanisa kudzinga majasi uye nekuzviwanira ivo vari munyika dzadzo.
Chiitiko Yakuts
Mumamiriro ezvinhu akaoma emaonokero matunhu ekuchamhembe, Yakuta akakwanisa kukudziridza bhiza kubereka uye kubereka kwemombe. Rudzi rwakakosha rwemombe rwaigwa - Yakutskaya - icho chaive chakanakira hupenyu mumamiriro ekunze ekumusoro. MuCentine yezana ramakore reXVI, YAKUT vakakwanisa kuunganidza mombe kuenda kunzvimbo dzeArctic. Mukufanana, reindeer kuparadzwa kwakagadziriswa, nheyo dzavakatorwa kubva kuTungus. Iyi nguva yaive nguva yeiyo helday yeiyo yakut vanhu. Inonzi iyo Epoch yeTagyna Darhan, mutongi wemadzinza eYakuts anozivikanwa nengarava dzakawanda. Inogona kunzi yechokwadi nyika gamba rerudzi urwu. Akademik a.pobladnikov mubhuku rake "nhoroondo yeYakutia" anonyora:
Yakutia muRussia
Kubva 1623, kukura kweYakutia Russian kunotanga. Yokutanga iri mudunhu iri yakaonekwa macosssacks panthery Poland, iyo yakaburuka nekuyerera kweLena. Muna 1632, Peter Beptov akasarudzika neguta rekutanga reRussia reYakutia, Lensky Ostrog. Kubva panguva ino, nyika yeYakatsika yakava chikamu cheRussia. Izvo zvinozivikanwa kuti simba revarwi veYAKUDZIRO YAKADZIDZWA. Yakutsky Ostrog (iyo yakambonzi lensky) muna 1634 yakasungwa neakasungwa kwazvo vavagari vemo. Yakuts aida kudzinga macessacket, asi kurwiswa kwavo kwakaratidzwa. Mune ramangwana, kurwisa kwakapfuurira, uye mamwe maYakuts akamanikidzwa kudzoka kunzvimbo dziri kure. Zvinofanira kutariswa kuti simba revaRussia rakaunza shanduko dzakashata uye kukanganisa kwekodzero dzehuwandu hwevanhu. Kupararira kwechiKristu kwakabatsira kusimudza mwero wedzidzo pakati pekudzidzisa pakati peYakuts. Vanhu veRussia veYakutia vakatora nheyo dzekurima, dzakatanga kubudirira kuita nyika dzadzo. Nzvimbo huru nemaguta zvakatanga kuoneka, kuvandudzwa kwacho kwaive kwakavakirwa pakutengeserana zvachose neRussia.
Nguva Nyowani dzeYakuts
Iko kuvandudzwa kwemaindasitiri kugona kweYakutia inowira pane iyo Soviet nguva. Muma1920s, kuvandudzwa kweAltai goridhe madhora anotanga. Basa rakakosha muhupenyu Yakutia rakatorwa nekuvakwa kwechikepe chechikepe cheTiks yeTiport, iyo nzira dzekutakura dzakatanga kusunga nzvimbo dzakaoma yakavhurwa neYakuta, iyo yakapa kuvandudzwa kweindasitiri yekugadzira madhaimani. Muna 1991, nyika yeYakut yakaziviswa neRepublic of Sakha (Yakutia). Panguva iyoyo, shanduko kumisangano yemusika yehupfumi inoitika, mabhizinesi anovharirwa, akasiyana siyana emararamiro aripo kusvika nhasi anooneka.
Nhoroondo yeYakuts inovhura huwandu hwemapeji akaoma mugumo yerudzi urwu. Kudada uye kuenderera mberi Saha akadzidza kuramba miedzo yakasiyana-siyana - kubva kune izvo zvinangwa zvezvinhu zvakarwiswa nemadzinza anowirwa. Vanotenda kuti nguva dzinopenya kwazvo kwavari dzinochengeta ramangwana, zvisinei, uye haufanirwe kukanganwa nezve zvakapfuura. "Bhiza, pachava neshungu; Panogona kunge paine banga, hapana chinotamiswa, "chirevo chekare chaut chinoti. Uye neichi chirevo hachigone kusabvumirana.